Abstract Appropriate physical activity has positive impact on physical health of children. This review summarizes and analyzes the current situation of children s physical activity in China, adverse health impacts by low level of physical activity, influencing factors and the progress of children s physical activity assessment. Through reviewing the literature, it is found that Chinese children s physical activity levels are insufficient, with physical activity levels of boys higher than girls, increasing possible health risks in children. Also, built environment, air pollution, family and individual factors are closely related to children s physical activity. At last, this article analyzes the limitation of current research on children s physical activity, and puts forward suggestions for improving children s physical activity levels in China.