1.Masures for SARS control and prevention
Journal of Preventive Medicine 2003;13(2):82-85
On February and March 2003, SARS broke into Vietnam. To prevent the outbreak, it was necessary to supervise closely and regularly all acute pulmonary infectious patients, to detect patients based on diagnosis criteria. SARS outbreak is very dangerous, and it requires emergency epidemic reports, isolated areas of especial treatments for patients. Individuals exposed to SARS patients and people in the community need to be guided and encouraged for use preventive methods. Along with preventive individualization, it’s necessary to have preventive methods for community, especially for high-risk people of SARS infection
SARS Virus
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Preventive Medicine
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Public Health
2.Structure of SARS-CoV-2 and treatment of COVID-19.
Hai-Xia CHEN ; Zhi-Hua CHEN ; Hua-Hao SHEN
Acta Physiologica Sinica 2020;72(5):617-630
Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new type of coronavirus pneumonia, which is caused by infection of a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2. The virus infects lung cells by binding angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) of cell surface, which leads to leukocyte infiltration, increased permeability of blood vessels and alveolar walls, and decreased surfactant in the lung, causing respiratory symptoms. The aggravation of local inflammation causes cytokine storm, resulting in systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In December 2019, a number of new pneumonia cases were reported by Wuhan Municipal Health Commission, after then a novel coronavirus was isolated and identified as SARS-CoV-2. To the date of Sep. 13th, 2020, COVID-19 is affecting 216 countries or regions, causing 28 637 952 cases, 917 417 deaths, and the mortality rate is 3.20%. This review will summarize the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the pharmaceutical treatment of COVID-19, and their potential relationships.
Betacoronavirus
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COVID-19
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Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy*
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Humans
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Pandemics
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Pneumonia, Viral
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SARS Virus
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SARS-CoV-2
3.A new method for visual SARS DNA sequences analysis.
Zhijie XU ; Jie YANG ; Guoping LIU ; Meng WANG ; Zhende HUANG
Journal of Biomedical Engineering 2006;23(4):734-738
Traditional DNA sequence analysis is based on sequence alignment, while a new DNA visual sequence analysis is proposed in this paper. Based on S. Wolfram's cellular automation theory, the method transfers one-dimensional DNA sequence into two-demensional visual image. Applying this method to SARS DNA sequence analysis, a characteristic of SARS-CoV differing from non-SARS is discovered. Compared with all known coronaviruses' images, It is found that this is a unique characteristic of SARS virus, and it is helpful to clinical identification of SARS.
Algorithms
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SARS Virus
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genetics
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Sequence Analysis, DNA
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methods
4.Severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus genotype and its characterization.
Lanjuan LI ; Zhigang WANG ; Yiyu LU ; Qiyu BAO ; Suhong CHEN ; Nanping WU ; Suyun CHENG ; Jingqing WENG ; Yanjun ZHANG ; Juying YAN ; Lingling MEI ; Xiaomeng WANG ; Hanping ZHU ; Yingpu YU ; Minli ZHANG ; Minhong LI ; Jun YAO ; Qunying LU ; Pingping YAO ; Xiaochen BO ; Jianer WO ; Shengqi WANG ; Songnian HU
Chinese Medical Journal 2003;116(9):1288-1292
OBJECTIVETo study the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus genotype and its characteristics.
METHODSA SARS-associated coronavirus isolate named ZJ01 was obtained from throat swab samples taken from a patient in Hangzhou, Zhejing province. The complete genome sequence of ZJ01 consisted of 29,715 bp (GenBank accession: AY297028, version: gi: 30910859). Seventeen SARS-associated coronavirus genome sequences in GenBank were compared to analyze the common sequence variations and the probability of co-occurrence of multiple polymorphisms or mutations. Phylogenetic analysis of those sequences was done.
RESULTSBy bioinformatics processing and analysis, the 5 loci nucleotides at ZJ01 genome were found being T, T, G, T and T, respectively. Compared with other SARS-associated coronavirus genomes in the GenBank database, an A/G mutation was detected besides the other 4 mutation loci (C:G:C:C/T:T:T:T) involved in this genetic signature. Therefore a new definition was put forward according to the 5 mutation loci. SARS-associated coronavirus strains would be grouped into two genotypes (C:G:A:C:C/T:T:G:T:T), and abbreviated as SARS coronavirus C genotype and T genotype. On the basis of this new definition, the ZJ01 isolate belongs to SARS-associated coronavirus T genotype, first discovered and reported in mainland China. Phylogenetic analysis of the spike protein gene fragments of these SARS-associated coronavirus strains showed that the GZ01 isolate was phylogenetically distinct from other isolates, and compared with groups F1 and F2 of the T genotype, the isolates of BJ01 and CUHK-W1 were more closely related to the GZ01 isolate. It was interesting to find that two (A/G and C/T) of the five mutation loci occurred in the spike protein gene, which caused changes of Asp to Gly and Thr to Ile in the protein, respectively.
CONCLUSIONAttention should be paid to whether these genotype and mutation patterns are related to the virus's biological activities,epidemic characteristics and host clinical symptoms.
Genotype ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Mutation ; SARS Virus ; genetics
5.Inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus by small interfering RNA.
Renli ZHANG ; Zhongmin GUO ; Jiahai LU ; Jinxiu MENG ; Canquan ZHOU ; Ximei ZHAN ; Bing HUANG ; Xinbing YU ; Min HUANG ; Xinghua PAN ; Wenhua LING ; Xigu CHEN ; Zhuoyue WAN ; Huanying ZHENG ; Xinge YAN ; Yifei WANG ; Yanchao RAN ; Xinjian LIU ; Junxin MA ; Chengyu WANG ; Biliang ZHANG
Chinese Medical Journal 2003;116(8):1262-1264
OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effectiveness of small interfering RNA (siRNA) on inhibiting severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus replication, and to lay bases for the future clinical application of siRNA for the treatment of viral infectious diseases.
METHODSVero-E6 cells was transfected with siRNA before SARS virus infection, and the effectiveness of siRNA interference was evaluated by observing the cytopathic effect (CPE) on Vero-E6 cells.
RESULTSFive pairs of siRNA showed ability to reduce CPE dose dependently, and two of them had the best effect.
CONCLUSIONsiRNA may be effective in inhibiting SARS-associated coronavirus replication.
Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; RNA, Small Interfering ; pharmacology ; SARS Virus ; drug effects ; Transfection ; Vero Cells ; Virus Replication ; drug effects
8.Anti-SARS virus antibody responses against human SARS-associated coronavirus and animal SARS-associated coronavirus-like virus.
Ming WANG ; Hui-Fang XU ; Zi-Yao MO ; Bo-Jian ZHENG ; Jing GU ; Peng-Zhe QIN ; Zhou-Bin ZHANG ; Xiao-Zhong ZOU ; Cai-Yun LIANG ; Yu-Teng ZHAO ; Kai GAO
Chinese Medical Journal 2004;117(11):1723-1725
9.Molecular biological analysis of genotyping and phylogeny of severe acute respiratory syndrome associated coronavirus.
Zhi-gang WANG ; Lan-juan LI ; Yun LUO ; Jun-yan ZHANG ; Min-ya WANG ; Su-yun CHENG ; Yan-jun ZHANG ; Xiao-meng WANG ; Yi-yu LU ; Nan-ping WU ; Ling-ling MEI ; Zan-xin WANG
Chinese Medical Journal 2004;117(1):42-48
BACKGROUNDSARS-CoV is the causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) which has been associated with outbreaks of SARS in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Beijing of China, and other regions worldwide. SARS-CoV from human has shown some variations but its origin is still unknown. The genotyping and phylogeny of SARS-CoV were analyzed and reported in this paper.
METHODSFull or partial genomes of 44 SARS-CoV strains were collected from GenBank. The genotype, single nucleotide polymorphism and phylogeny of these SARS-CoV strains were analyzed by molecular biological, bioinformatic and epidemiological methods.
RESULTSThere were 188 point mutations in the 33 virus full genomes with the counts of mutation mounting to 297. Further analysis was carried out among 36 of 188 loci with more than two times of mutation. All the 36 mutation loci occurred in coding sequences and 22 loci were non-synonymous. The gene mutation rates of replicase 1AB, S2 domain of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were lower (0.079% - 0.103%). There were 4 mutation loci in S1 domain of spike glycoprotein. The gene mutation rate of ORF10 was the highest (3.333%) with 4 mutation loci in this small domain (120 bp) and 3 of 4 loci related to deletion mutation. By bioinformatics processing and analysis, the nucleotides at 7 loci of genome (T:T:A:G:T:C:T/C:G:G:A:C:T:C) can classify SARS-CoV into two types. Therefore a novel definition is put forward that according to these 7 loci of mutation, 40 strains of SARS-CoV in GenBank can be grouped into two genotypes, T:T:A:G:T:C:T and C:G:G:A:C:T:C, and named as SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype. The two genotypes can be further divided into some sub-genotypes. These genotypes can also be approved by phylogenetic tree of three levels of 44 loci of mutation, spike glycoprotein gene and complete genome sequence. Compared to various strains among SARS-CoV Yexin genotype and Xiaohong genotype, GD01 strain of Yexin genotype is more closely related to SARS-CoV like-virus from animals.
CONCLUSIONThe results mentioned above suggest that SARS-CoV is responding to host immunological pressures and experiencing variation which provide clues, information and evidence of molecular biology for the clinical pathology, vaccine developing and epidemic investigation.
Evolution, Molecular ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; Phylogeny ; Point Mutation ; SARS Virus ; genetics