OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinicopathological diagnosis and expressions of CD117, CD34, SMA, S-100 protein, Vimentin(Vim) and desmin in gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs).

METHODSA retrospective analysis of the clinical data and the results of various examinations was conducted among 35 patients with pathologically confirmed GISTs undergoing surgical resection. The expressions of CD117, CD34, SMA, S-100, Vim and desmin in the tumor tissues were detected by immunohistochemistry with SP method.

RESULTSIn these GIST cases, the tumors were located mostly in the stomach (n=11), small intestines (n=11), and abdominal cavity (n=5). The main clinical manifestations included abdominal distension, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal bleeding, and abdominal masses. The positivity rates of CD117 and CD34 in the tumors were 94.3% and 91.4%, respectively, both significantly higher than those of SMA, S-100, Vim and Desmin (P<0.001), and also higher than that in leiomyoma (P<0.0001). The positivity rate of Desmin was only 2.9% in the tumors, significantly lower than those of CD117 and CD34 (P<0.05) and that in liomyoma (P<0.001).

CONCLUSIONSGISTs occur mostly in the stomach and small intestines, and endoscopy, ultrasound endoscope and CT examination are effective modalities for diagnosis of GISTs. A definite diagnosis of GISTs can be established in the presence of positive expression of CD117 and CD34 and negative expression of Desmin in the tumor.

Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD34 ; biosynthesis ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; biosynthesis ; Desmin ; biosynthesis ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; biosynthesis ; Retrospective Studies ; S100 Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo establish a method that can quantitatively detect S100 protein in CSF, and evaluate the possibility in diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).

METHODSS100 gene was amplified by PCR from a commercially supplied human brain cDNA library. After verified by sequence analysis, the full length of S100 DNA was subcloned into a (GST) expression vector Pgex-2T, and the expression of GST-S100 fusion protein was induced. Rabbits were immunized with the purified GST-S100 fusion protein, and the antiserum raised against S100 protein was collected and further evaluated. Using biotin-avidin system, a sandwich ELISA was established for quantitatively determining S100 protein, and further, used in screening for S100 protein in CSF and serum samples.

RESULTSSDS-PAGE assays yielded a roughly 35,000 GST-S100 fusion protein. Using the established method, three CSF samples from probable CJD patients (14-3-3 protein positive in CSF) showed higher concentration of S100 protein (higher than 2.900 microg/L), whereas other CSF samples collected from patients with other CNS diseases showed lower concentration of S100 (less than 0.180 microg/L).Moreover, the sera S100 proteins from all the collected samples showed distinct individual difference.

CONCLUSIONSThe established method can be used in determining S100 protein in CSF quantitatively. The feasibility and significance of S100 protein in CSF for diagnosis of CJD should be further considered with more CSF samples.

Animals ; Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Humans ; Immune Sera ; biosynthesis ; Rabbits ; S100 Proteins ; biosynthesis ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo observe the expressions of metastasis-associated protein (S100A4) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and investigate their correlations to the infiltration, metastasis and prognosis of NSCLC.

METHODSThe expressions of S100A4 and MMP9 were detected in 41 NSCLC specimens and 6 normal lung tissue specimens using immunohistochemistry with SP method. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis were used to analyze the correlations of S100A4 and MMP9 to the clinicopathological characteristics and progrnosis of NSCLC.

RESULTSCompared with normal lung tissues, NSCLC showed significantly increased positivity for S100A4 and MMP9 expression (P<0.05); their expression were significantly higher in adenocarcinoma than in squamous cell carcinoma (P<0.01), and higher in metastatic NSCLC than in that without lymphatic metastasis (P<0.01). The positive expression rates of S100A4 and MMP9 were significantly higher in tumors in TNM stages III +IV than in stages II+I (P<0.05). S100A4 expression was positively correlated to tumor size (P<0.001), while MMP9 was inversely correlated to tumor differentiation (P<0.05). The expressions of S100A4 and MMP9 were both correlated to lymphatic metastasis, TNM stages and pathological types (P<0.05), and they also showed a mutual correlation (P<0.01). Univariate survival analysis confirmed the effects of histological types, lymphatic metastasis, clinical TNM stages and expressions of S100A4 and MMP9 on the survival time of NSCLC patients (P<0.001). Multivariate survival analysis identified clinical TNM stages and expressions of S100A4 and MMP9 as the independent factors affecting the prognosis of NSCLC (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expressions of S100A4 and MMP9 are up-regulated in NSCLC and have significant correlations to the clinical and biological behaviors of NSCLC. S100A4 and MMP9 status are independent prognostic predictors of NSCLC, and detection of their expressions may help evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kaplan-Meier Estimate ; Lung Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; biosynthesis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Prognosis ; S100 Calcium-Binding Protein A4 ; S100 Proteins ; biosynthesis

Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a neoplastic proliferation of Langerhans cells that have overtly malignant cytologic features. It is a very rare disease and theoretically, it can present de novo or progress from an antecedent Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). However, to our knowledge, LCS arising from an antecedent LCH has not been reported on. We present here a case of LCS arising from a pulmonary LCH. A 34 yr-old man who was a smoker, had a fever and a chronic cough. Computed tomographic (CT) scan revealed multiple tiny nodules in both lungs. The thoracoscopic lung biopsy revealed LCH. The patient quit smoking, but he received no other specific treatment. One year later, the follow up chest CT scan showed a 4 cm-sized mass in the left lower lobe of the lung. A lobectomy was then performed. Microscopic examination of the mass revealed an infiltrative proliferation of large cells that had malignant cytologic features. Immunohistochemical stains showed a strong reactivity for S-100 and CD68, and a focal reactivity for CD1a. We think this is the first case of LCS arising from LCH.
Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Sarcoma/*pathology ; S100 Proteins/biosynthesis ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Pancreatic Neoplasms/*pathology ; Male ; Langerhans Cells/*pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Humans ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell/diagnosis/*pathology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/biosynthesis ; Antigens, CD1/biosynthesis ; Antigens, CD/biosynthesis ; Adult

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is a rare primary neoplasm that constitutes less than 1% of the malignant tumors of bone, and involvement of the skull is very rare. We present a case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the skull, presenting an intraosseous lesion in a 43-yr-old woman. She had a rapidly growing, tender mass in the right parietal region. A plain radiograph showed an osteolytic lesion of the right parietal bone. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the lesion showed heterogeneous low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and slightly high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. No evidence of an extraosseous extension to the adjacent dura and soft tissue was found, and a wide excision of the parietal bone was performed. Histologically, the tumor was a typical MFH displaying pleomorphic spindle cells in a storiform pattern. The results of immunohistochemical stainings revealed that the tumor cells were positive for vimentin, alpha-1-antitryp-sin, and p53, and negative for smooth muscle actin, S100 protein, desmin, and MyoD1. Three months later, a mainly cystic, recurrent mass was developed at the previously operated site. Before the resection, we first performed the percutaneous aspiration cytology, revealing diagnostic multinucleated pleomorphic cells. There-after, she had to receive repetitive resections of recurrent or residual lesions, and she died of postoperative meningoencephalitis two years after the first operation.
Actins/biosynthesis ; Adult ; Brain/pathology ; Desmin/biosynthesis ; Female ; Giant Cells/metabolism ; Histiocytoma, Fibrous/*diagnosis ; Human ; Immunohistochemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mitosis ; Muscle, Smooth/metabolism ; MyoD Protein/biosynthesis ; Protein p53/biosynthesis ; S100 Proteins/biosynthesis ; Skull Neoplasms/*diagnosis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Vimentin/biosynthesis ; alpha 1-Antitrypsin/biosynthesis

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the nipple-areola complex is extremely rare. Less than ten such cases have been reported in English literature so far. Herein we describe a 52-year-old female presenting with a 1.5 cmx1.1 cmx0.7 cm nodular lesion over her left nipple, and leiomyosarcoma was proved by pathological examination of the excised specimen. Positron emitted tomogram (PET) revealed no abnormal signal other than the primary site. Microscopically, this poorly circumscribed tumor was composed of interlacing bundles of smooth muscle cells with bizarre and pleomorphic nuclei, as well as prominent nucleoli. Its mitotic count was up to 7 mitoses per 10 high power fields (HPF). Immunohistochemical study of tumor cells revealed positive stain for alpha-smooth muscle actin and vimentin; and negative for cytokeratin, CD34 and S-100. Left simple mastectomy was undertaken and no residual mass lesion was noted on the resected specimen. Related literatures about the diagnosis and treatment for breast leiomyosarcoma will be presented here.
Antigens, CD34 ; biosynthesis ; Breast ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; methods ; Leiomyosarcoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Mastectomy ; Middle Aged ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; pathology ; Nipples ; pathology ; S100 Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Smooth Muscle Tumor ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of S100 calcium binding protein A16 (S100A16) in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes and its possible biological mechanism. HepG2 cells (human hepatoma cell line) were cultured with fatty acid to establish fatty acid culture model. The control model was cultured without fatty acid. Each model was divided into three groups and transfected with S100a16 over-expression, shRNA and vector plasmids, respectively. The concentration of triglyceride (TG) in the cells was measured by kit, and the lipid droplets was observed by oil red O staining. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry were used to find the interesting proteins interacting with S100A16, and the interaction was verified by immunoprecipitation. The further mechanism was studied by Western blot and qRT-PCR. The results showed that the intracellular lipid droplet and TG concentrations in the fatty acid culture model were significantly higher than those in the control model. The accumulation of intracellular fat in the S100a16 over-expression group was significantly higher than that in the vector plasmid transfection group. There was an interaction between heat shock protein A5 (HSPA5) and S100A16. Over-expression of S100A16 up-regulated protein expression levels of HSPA5, inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) and pIREα1, which belong to endoplasmic reticulum stress HSPA5/IRE1α-XBP1 pathway. Meanwhile, over-expression of S100A16 up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of adipose synthesis-related gene Srebp1c, Acc and Fas. In the S100a16 shRNA plasmid transfection group, the above-mentioned protein and mRNA levels were lower than those of vector plasmid transfection group. These results suggest that S100A16 may promote lipid synthesis in HepG2 cells through endoplasmic reticulum stress HSPA5/IRE1α-XBP1 pathway.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ; Endoribonucleases ; physiology ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; physiology ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Lipid Metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; physiology ; S100 Proteins ; physiology ; Triglycerides ; biosynthesis ; X-Box Binding Protein 1 ; physiology

Metaplastic breast carcinoma is very rare, and metaplastic carcinoma with chondroid differentiation is even rarer. Here, we report a case of metaplastic carcinoma with extensive chondroid differentiation mimicking chondrosarcoma that was challenging to diagnose. The tumor was characterized by an abundant chondromyxoid matrix. The definitive area of classic invasive ductal carcinoma was minimal. The peripheral portion of the tumor showed increased cellularity with pleomorphism and definitive invasive growth. Tumor cells in the chondrosarcomatous areas were diffusely immunoreactive for S-100 protein, patchy positive for cytokeratin, but negative for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Tumor cells in carcinomatous areas were diffusely positive for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, and patchy positive for EMA. In both areas, tumor cells were negative for smooth muscle actin (SMA) and CD34, while oncoprotein p53 was overexpressed. When pathologists encounter breast tumors with chondroid differentiation, careful sampling and immunohistochemistry for cytokeratin and SMA are most helpful to differentiate metaplastic carcinoma from malignant phyllodes tumor and malignant adenomyoepithelioma.
S100 Proteins/chemistry ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Muscle, Smooth/pathology ; Middle Aged ; Metaplasia ; Keratins/metabolism ; Immunohistochemistry ; Humans ; Female ; Cell Differentiation ; Carcinoma/*complications/metabolism/pathology ; CA-15-3 Antigen/metabolism ; Breast Neoplasms/complications/metabolism/*pathology ; Antigens, CD34/biosynthesis ; Actins/metabolism

The influence of spinal cord injury (SCI) on protein expression in the rat urinary bladder was assessed by proteomic analysis at different time intervals post-injury. After contusion SCI between T9 and T10, bladder tissues were processed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/MS at 6 hr to 28 days after SCI to identify proteins involved in the healing process of SCI-induced neurogenic bladder. Approximately 1,000 spots from the bladder of SCI and sham groups were visualized and identified. At one day after SCI, the expression levels of three protein were increased, and seven spots were down-regulated, including heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) and heat shock protein 20 (Hsp20). Fifteen spots such as S100-A11 were differentially expressed seven days post-injury, and seven proteins including transgelin had altered expression patterns 28 days after injury. Of the proteins with altered expression levels, transgelin, S100-A11, Hsp27 and Hsp20 were continuously and variably expressed throughout the entire post-SCI recovery of the bladder. The identified proteins at each time point belong to eight functional categories. The altered expression patterns identified by 2-DE of transgelin and S100-A11 were verified by Western blot. Transgelin and protein S100-A11 may be candidates for protein biomarkers in the bladder healing process after SCI.
Animals ; Biological Markers/metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Female ; HSP20 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; HSP27 Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism ; Microfilament Proteins/metabolism ; Muscle Proteins/metabolism ; Proteome/*biosynthesis ; Proteomics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; S100 Proteins/metabolism ; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization ; Spinal Cord Injuries/*metabolism/pathology ; Urinary Bladder/*metabolism ; *Wound Healing