OBJECTIVETo explore the role of S100B protein in the early diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis judgement of craniocerebral injury.

METHODSIn this study, we reviewed the domestic and foreign research reports about the relationship between S100B protein and craniocerebral injury.

RESULTSThe concentration of S100B protein had a different increase based on the degree of injury in early stage after craniocerebral injury, and the increasing degree of S100B protein showed a positive correlation with the grading of pathogenetic condition and prognosis of craniocerebral injury.

CONCLUSIONSS100B protein may be taken as a specific index of early diagnosis, grading of pathogenetic condition, and prognosis judgement after craniocerebral injury. To grasp and regulate the mechanism of neurotoxicity and to elucidate the therapeutic effect of S100B protein will be a research direction in clinical treatment of craniocerebral injury.

Craniocerebral Trauma ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Nerve Growth Factors ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Prognosis ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; cerebrospinal fluid

OBJECTIVETo study the diagnostic values of cerebrospinal concentrations of neopterin (NPT) and S100b for central nervous system infections in children.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determinate the cerebrospinal concentrations of NPT and S100b in children with central nervous system infections and control children. The two groups of children were compared in terms of the two indicators, and the diagnostic values of the two indicators were evaluated by ROC curve analysis.

RESULTSChildren with viral encephalitis had significantly increased cerebrospinal concentrations of NPT and S100b compared with the control group and children with purulent meningitis (P<0.01); there was no difference in the cerebrospinal concentration of NPT between children with purulent meningitis and the control group, while the concentration of S100b in the purulent meningitis group was significantly higher than in the control group (P<0.01). According to the ROC curves, S100b was more valuable than NPT in the diagnosis of viral encephalitis; when cerebrospinal concentration was more than 0.384 ng/mL, S100b had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 97.9%; a combination of the two indicators had a higher diagnostic value for viral encephalitis, with a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 97.9%.

CONCLUSIONSBoth NPT and S100b have certain values in the diagnosis of central nervous system infections in children, and S100b is better than NPT.

Adolescent ; Central Nervous System Infections ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Neopterin ; cerebrospinal fluid ; ROC Curve ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; cerebrospinal fluid

PURPOSE: S100beta, a marker of traumatic brain injury (TBI), has been increasingly focused upon during recent years. S100beta, is easily measured not only in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but also in serum. After TBI, serum S100beta, has been found to be increased at an early stage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical correlations between serum S100beta, and neurologic outcome, and severity in traumatic brain injury. METHODS: From August 2006 to October 2006, we made a protocol and studied prospectively 42 patients who visited the emergency room with TBI. Venous blood samples for S100beta, protein were taken within six hours after TBI and vital signs, as well as the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), were recorded. The final diagnosis and the severity were evaluated using the Abbreviated Injury Score (AIS), and the prognosis of the patients was evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients showed a favorable prognosis (discharge, recovery, transfer), and four showed an unfavorable prognosis. Serum S100beta, was higher in patients with an unfavorable prognosis than in patients with a favorable prognosis, and a significant difference existed between the two groups (0.74+/-50 microgram/L vs 7.62+/-6.53 microgram/L P=0.002). A negative correlation existed between serum S100beta, and the Revised Traumatic Score (R2=-0.34, P=0.03), and a positive correlation existed between serum S100beta, and the Injury Severity Score (R2=0.33, P=0.03). Furthermore, the correlations between serum S100beta, and the initial GCS and the GCS 24 hours after admission to the ER were negative (R2=-0.62, P<0.001; R2=-0.47, P=0.005). Regarding the GOS, the mean serum concentration of S100beta. was 7.62 beta partial differential/L (SD=+/-6.53) in the expired patients, 1.15 microgram/L in the mildly disable patient, and 0.727 microgram/L (SD=+/-0.73) in the recovered patients. These differences are statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In traumatic brain injury, a higher level of serum concentration of S100beta, has a poor prognosis for neurologic outcome.
Biomarkers ; Brain Injuries* ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Diagnosis ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Glasgow Coma Scale ; Humans ; Injury Severity Score ; Prognosis* ; Prospective Studies ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; Vital Signs

PURPOSE: S100B protein is widely used as a measure of glial activity or damage in several brain conditions. Central nervous system (CNS) infections can cause neurological sequelae because of parenchyma invasion. It is difficult to predict further neuronal damage in the CNS infection. The present study is aimed to evaluate the role of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) S100B protein as an indicator of neuronal damage in CNS infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured the concentration of CSF S100B protein in 62 patients with a CNS infection using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. The patients with CNS infections were classified as having no neuronal damage (CNS-N) or as having neuronal damage (CNS+N) according to the presence of neurological change or structural lesions on brain MRI. RESULTS: The CSF S100B protein level of the CNS+N group (n=22, 0.235 microg/L, 0.10-2.18) was significantly higher than that of the CNS-N group (n=40, 0.087 microg/L, 0.06-0.12) and control group (n=40, 0.109 microg/L, 0.07-0.14, p<0.01). Using an arbitrary cut off value, S100B-positive CSF was detected in 2.5% of the CNS-N group and in 50% of the CNS+N group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that increased S100B protein levels in the CSF may be associated with the neuronal damage following CNS infections.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain/pathology ; Central Nervous System Infections/cerebrospinal fluid/*pathology ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit/*cerebrospinal fluid

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical efficacy of two brain protective methods for aortic operation according to S100beta protein (S100beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

METHODSFrom November 2004 to April 2005, 14 patients who underwent aortic operations with circulatory arrest were alternatively allocated to one of two methods of brain protection: only deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (core temperature, 18 degrees C) for descending thoracic aorta operations (group DHCA, n = 5) or selective antegrade cerebral perfusion (core temperature, 20 degrees C; flow rate, 10 ml kg(-1) min(-1)) for aortic arch operations with DHCA (group ASCP, n = 9). Indications for surgical intervention were Stanford type A dissection in 11 patients, Stanford type B dissection in 2 patients, false aneurysm on thoracoabdominal aorta in 1 patient. S100beta and IL-6 in CSF were assayed in all patients from each group before cardiopulmonary bypass, as well as 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h after the operation.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in lowest core temperature (P > 0.05), hematocrit in lowest core temperature (P > 0.05) and the velocity of rewarming. Mean circulatory arrest time in ASCP group was significant longer than in DHCA group (P < 0.05). There were much more patients with jugular arteries impaired or accompanied with related cerebrovascular diseases in group ASCP compared to group DHCA. The baseline of S100beta in CSF before cardiopulmonary bypass was no difference. S100beta value in CSF ascended to peak level in 12 h after the operation, showing significantly higher in group DHCA than in group ASCP [DHCA vs. ASCP, (0.90 +/- 0.11) microg/ml vs. (0.61 +/- 0.26) pg/ml]. In most hours after operation there was significant intergroup difference. IL-6 value in CSF ascended to peak level in 12 h postoperative for group DHCA and 0 h postoperative for group ASCP. There was no significance difference observed in IL-6 of CSF between two groups except 6 h and 12 h postoperative.

CONCLUSIONSBrain ischemic injury occurred during aortic operations assisted by brain protective methods is not serious. Unilateral ASCP which can delivery adequate oxygen to brain during circulation arrest has some advantage of alleviating ischemic injury compared with only DHCA.

Adult ; Aortic Aneurysm ; cerebrospinal fluid ; surgery ; Brain ; blood supply ; Circulatory Arrest, Deep Hypothermia Induced ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin-6 ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nerve Growth Factors ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Perfusion ; Postoperative Period ; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit ; S100 Proteins ; cerebrospinal fluid