1.Radiation exposure to the surgeon during femoral interlocking nailing under fluoroscopic imaging.
T S Tengku Muzaffar ; Y Imran ; M A Iskandar ; A Zakaria
The Medical journal of Malaysia 2005;60 Suppl C():26-9
Femoral interlocking nailing requires fluoroscopic assistance for insertion of the nail and distal screws. In this study, scattered radiation to the eye and hand of the operating surgeon was measured during the procedure. Thermo-luminescent dosimeter (TLD) was used to quantify the dose received by the surgeon. The mean radiation exposure time during the procedure was 3.89 minutes. The mean scattered radiation doses to the hand and eye were 0.27 mSv and 0.09 mSv per procedure respectively. These very low doses have made a surgeon very unlikely to receive more than the recommended annual dose limit set by the National Council on Radiological Protection.
Radiation
;
Procedures
;
Millisievert
;
Hand
;
Eye
2.Comparative evaluation of the effect of a resin modified glass ionomer cement universal adhesive on the shear bond strength of glass ionomer cements
Mohd Safwani Affan Alli Awang Talip ; Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria ; S. Nagarajan M.P. Sockalingam
Archives of Orofacial Sciences 2017;12(2):95-104
The present study compared and evaluated the shear bond strength (SBS) of two types of glass
ionomer cement (GIC), Riva Self Cure HVTM (SDI Ltd., Victoria, Australia) and GC Fuji IX GP EXTRATM (GC
America Inc., Alsip, USA) with and without the use of Riva Bond LCTM (SDI Ltd., Victoria, Australia), a lighted
cured resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) universal adhesive. Sixty extracted sound premolars with
prepared exposure of the dentine on the occlusal surface were randomly assigned into four groups according to
the tested restorative materials. Shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed by using the Shimadzu
Universal Testing Machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute, and the values obtained were statistically
analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. The inter-group comparison showed statistically significant
differences in the SBS values between all the test groups (p < 0.001). A stereomicroscope was used to assess
the modes of failure. Adhesive failures were predominant in adhesive groups (>80%) compared to higher
cohesive failures found in the non-adhesive groups (>86%). A Spearman's rho correlation test performed to
determine the association between SBS values and mode of failures had indicated positive correlations between
the adhesive failure and SBS values in the adhesive groups (rs=0.86, p<0.001; rs=0.85, p<0.001) and the
cohesive failure and SBS values in the non-adhesive groups (rs=0.87, p<0.001). These findings support the
improvement in adhesion of GICs to tooth structure with the use of RMGIC adhesive.
Glass Ionomer Cements
3.Health Risk Assessment of PM10 exposure among Malaysian Adult Population based on Physical Activity Pattern
Norlen Mohamed ; Lokman Hakim S ; Thahirahtul Asma Zakaria ; Anis Salwa Kamarudin ; Ahmad Riadz Mazeli ; Sirajuddin Hashim
International Journal of Public Health Research 2017;7(2):814-828
Most health advisories related to outdoor physical activity during haze are general in nature. The advisories normally advise everyone to reduce or limit prolonged exertion or heavy exertion without mentioning the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity causing difficulty for public to decide to stop or cancel a particular outdoor or sport event. The aim of this paper is to determine the acceptable duration for performing outdoor physical activity pattern based on API level. Health risk assessment approach that comprises of hazard identification, exposure assessment, dose-response, and risk characterization steps were used to determine the potential inhaled dose and risk associated with performing the physical activity during haze. We have considered many factors that include time spent for physical activity patterns for Malaysian adult, age, physical intensity-specific inhalation rate (m3/min), and the indoor/outdoor ratio of PM10. A hypothetical exposure scenario of PM10 was created using the breakpoints of PM10 concentration for the calculation of respective API levels. The association between physical activity pattern, API level and risk quotient were presented in the form of risk radar diagram. In general, based on the average estimate, everyone should avoid high intensity physical activity and moderate exertion when API reach > 175 and > 200 respectively. Whereas, based on the high estimate, everyone should avoid high intensity physical activity and moderate exertion when API reach > 135 and > 150 respectively. Below the said API, the duration for performing prolonged exertion and heavy exertion should be adjusted according to the API level as stated in the recommended maximum duration for performing physical activity. Reducing the physical activity is an effective strategy to lower the dose of inhaled pollutants and reduce the health risk during poor air quality. Based on the assessment, the recommended maximum duration for performing the physical activity based on API level was established as a guide for the authority or public to plan their activity during poor air quality.
4.The Effect Of Oral Health Education Seminar On The Oral Health Knowledge, Practice And Perception Of Role Of The Preschool Teachers
N.A. Mohd NOR ; S. ZAKARIA ; N.H. AMMINUDIN ; A.M. Mohd KHAIRI ; N.A. MALIK
Annals of Dentistry 2013;20(2):4-8
Background: In Malaysia, preschool teachers have longbeen utilised as oral health educators. However their levelof oral health knowledge and effectiveness of the trainingthey received are seldom investigated. This study aims toevaluate the of oral health education seminar (OHE) heldfor public preschool teachers (KEMAS) in terms of theimprovement of their knowledge, practices and attitudesMethods: This was a one arm interventional study (beforeand after survey following OHE seminar intervention). AllKEMAS preschool teachers (n=107) in Hulu Terengganuwere invited to attend OHE seminar which consisted of1 hour lecture and 40 minutes OHE demonstration. Pretestquestionnaire was collected before the seminar startedand post-test questionnaire was collected two weeks later.A self-administered questionnaire used in this study wasadapted from “preschool teachers’ knowledge, practicesand attitudes towards oral health”, National Oral HealthSurvey of Preschool Children, 2005. Data were analysedusing descriptive and McNemar test, SPSS version 15.0.Results: Of 107 subjects, only 61 teachers respondedyielding to 57% response rate. All subjects were femalewith mean age of 46 years (SD: 6.03). Overall, therewas an improvement of teachers’ oral health knowledge,practices and attitudes after the seminar. Severalitems seem to have be improved significantly after theseminar, for example knowledge item on factors causingperiodontal disease (p=0.03). In terms of practice, allteachers reported they brushed teeth at least twice dailyusing fluoridated toothpaste and use of dental floss wasincreased significantly after the seminar (p<0.001).Majority of teachers have positive perceptions on theirroles in oral health education. Conclusion: Oral healtheducation seminar appeared to be effective at influencingcertain aspects of teachers’ oral health knowledge,practices and attitudes.
6.Knowledge and Awareness of Avulsed Tooth Management Among Dental Surgery Assistants at the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) Dental Polyclinic (Pengetahuan dan Kesedaran Pengurusan Avulsi Gigi dalam Kalangan Pembantu Pembedahan Pergigian di Poliklinik Pergigian Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM))
S. Nagarajan M. P. Sockalingam ; Ahmad Shuhud Irfani Zakaria
Malaysian Journal of Health Sciences 2024;22(No.2):55-56
Tooth avulsion is a dental emergency that needs prompt treatment to minimise complications.
This study aims to evaluate the knowledge and awareness of avulsed tooth management among
dental surgery assistants at the UKM Dental Polyclinic. This survey research design of a 19-
item questionnaire was distributed to 59 dental surgery assistants (DSAs). The questionnaire
consisted of demographic profile questions and questions regarding awareness and knowledge
of tooth avulsion and its immediate management. The results showed that 78% of DSAs at the
Institute know about first aid management of avulsed teeth, with the majority being taught
during their training course. Moreover, 96.2% of the DSAs know what tooth avulsion is and
recognise it as a dental emergency. Although 75% of the DSAs have never previously handled
any avulsed tooth case, 50% are confident in advising the public on what to do with an avulsed
tooth at the time of injury. As for the specific management questions of an avulsed tooth, the
responses from the DSAs varied according to the questions, ranging from 50% to 85%. DSAs
at the Institute have varying levels of awareness and knowledge regarding tooth avulsion.
Therefore, regular education programmes on dental trauma and its management will help
improve the DSAs’ current knowledge and ability to manage avulsion injuries better in
emergencies.
7.COMPARISON OF PATHOGENESIS OF P. BERGHEIINFECTION IN MOUSE AND RAT MODELS
Chin VK ; Chong WC ; Nordin N ; Lee TY ; Zakaria ZA ; Hassan H ; Basir R
Journal of University of Malaya Medical Centre 2019;22(2):4-12
Background: The cytokine cascade in the immunopathogenesis of malaria infection had been widely studied. However, their specific association with survival and severe infection remained obscure.Methods: Thestudy investigated the cytokine profiles and histopathological features of malaria in the severe infection and survival models by using male ICR mice and male Sprague Dawley rats respectively.Results: The severe model, the infected ICR mice, exhibited a high parasitemia with 100% mortality after peak parasitemia at day 5 post-infection. The survival model, the infected Sprague Dawley rats, showed mild parasitemia with full recovery by day 14 of infection. Both severe and survival models showed similar histopathological severity during peak parasitemia. The severe model produced highly elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1α, and low levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-4; while the survival model showed low levels of TNF-α and IL-1α with high levels of IL-4.Conclusion: There were differences in the pathogenesis of the severe and survival models of malaria infection. These could be a basis for immunotherapy of malaria in the future
8.Management of Organochlorine Exposure to Health Risks in Asia – A Review
Muhammad Azmi Maruf ; R. Azizah ; Lilis Sulistyorini ; Zainul Amiruddin Zakaria ; Najihah Hanisah Marmaya ; Aditya S. Pawitra ; Arif Sumantri ; Siti N. A. Jauharoh
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2021;17(No.4):332-340
Organochlorine organic pesticides used on a large scale still pose a great health hazard to humans and animals.
Organochlorine pesticides contribute to reduced disease, higher yields and increased production. This research was
to review various articles on management of organochlorine exposure and health risks. This research used multiple
search engines (Scholar, PubMed). A few significant keywords were chosen to discover considers that fit this theme.
Organochlorine as Persistent Organic Pollutants are difficult to remove from the environment. There are several
health-causing effects of organochlorine most of which are chronic diseases (i.e., pulmonary function, cancer, reproductive issue). Organochlorine control in the environment is needed to reduce health effects, especially in farming
communities, personal protective equipment including masks and gloves is also necessary. Local government may
also promote and doing a prevention program from the danger of the use of pesticides in agriculture.