The incidence of type 1 diabetes(T1DM)has increased significantly worldwide and has become a major public health problem.At present, it is believed that the occurrence of T1DM is related to various factors such as genetic susceptibility, immunity and environment, but the specific cause and exact mechanism are still not fully explained.In recent years, with the understanding and research of gut micro-ecology, abnormalities in the composition or functionality of gut microbiota lead to a variety of diseases, for instance, gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 2 diabetes and so on.Yet there are evidences indicating that an imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and in the T1DM children, the ecology of gut microbiota is different from healthy children.However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota in children with diabetes.This article will review the progress of gut microbiota of children with type 1 diabetes.

Primary neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare malignant tumor, the clinical diagnosis is difficult. This article report a primary parotid neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma which was initially diagnosed of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland and was operated, but recurred 2 years later. The artide discuss about the characteristic of this disease and review the relevant literatures.

【Objective】 To study the impact of the storage duration of suspendedred blood cells(RBCs)on blood transfusion for patients with aplastic anemia. 【Methods】 76 occasions of blood transfusions for 36 patients with aplastic anemia, admitted to our hospital between 2017~2019, were observed. The effects of patient and donordemographics as well as storage duration on the efficacy of RBCs transfusion were analyzed using linear regression. 【Results】 Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the efficacy of RBCs transfusion was negatively correlated with the patient′s weight (P<0.01) and the storage duration of suspended RBCs (P<0.05). Female recipients and male donors incurred better efficacy in RBCs transfusion. Further analysis revealed that, compared to units stored ≤7 days, transfusion of perunit ofsuspended RBCs stored 8 to 14 dor≥15 dresulted in hemoglobin decreasing as -0.619 (95% CI: -1.943-0.704; P>0.05) and -1.904 (95% CI: -3.750~-0.057; P<0.05) g/L, respectively, presenting a gradually decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】 Longer storage of RBCs has an impact on the efficacy of blood transfusion in patients with aplastic anemia.

Objective： ：To investigate the expression of miR-137 in cervical cancer tissues and cells, and to explore its effect on proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells as well as the mechanisms. Methods： ：Thirty-two pairs of cervical cancer tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues that surgically resected at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Dongguan People's Hospital from January 2017 to March 2018 were collected for this study. In addition, cervical cancer cell lines C33A, HeLa, SiHa and cervical epithelial immortalized cell line H8 were also collected. The expression of miR-137 in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-PCR. miR-137 mimics and miR-137 NC were respectively transfected into C33Aand HeLa cells, and the effects of miR-137 over-expression on proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell lines were observed by CCK-8 and Transwell assay. Luciferase reporter gene assay and WB were used to determine the relationship between miR-137 and Wnt5a in cervical cancer. Wnt5a over-expression vector was constructed, and the effects of simultaneous over-expression of Wnt5a and miR-137 on proliferation, migration and invasion of C33Aand HeLa cells were observed. Results： ：The expression level of miR-137 was significantly down-regulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, as compared to para-cancerous tissues and H8 cells (all P<0.05). The over-expression of miR-137 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of C33A and HeLa cells (all P<0.05). Moreover, Wnt5a was identified as a target of miR-137 by luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, Wnt5a over-expression, to a certain degree, attenuated the suppressive effects of miR-137 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of C33A and HeLa cells. Conclusion： ：miR-137 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells via targeting Wnt5a, which may be an effective target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)], and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi). Methods: Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China. Results: By the end of 2016, there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi, accounting for 2.3% of those being reported for more than 10 years, 5.4% of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving, and 26.6% of those being reported for more than 10 years, surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy. Among the LTNPs, 87.2%(273) were men, 94.9% (297) were aged ≤ 40 years, 32.3% (101) were farmers, 55.6% (174) were single, divorced or widowed, 69.3% (217) were of Han ethnic group, 68.1% (213) were injecting drug users, and 52.1% (163) were from custody facilities. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age >40 years, aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission, aOR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.74). Conclusions: A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi. Further research are needed to identify the related factors, and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology, genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; China/epidemiology* ; Drug Users/statistics & numerical data* ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data* ; HIV Infections/ethnology* ; Humans ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors

Adolescent ; Atlanto-Axial Joint ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; surgery ; Joint Dislocations ; therapy ; Male

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of Hook-screw combination treatment for the unstable Hangman's fracture.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to May 2008, 17 patients with unstable Hangman's fracture, of whom there were 15 males and 2 females aged from 28 to 75 years old with an average age of 46 years, were treated by Hook-screw combination. Of injury reasons, there were 8 patients caused by falling injury, 5 patients caused by traffic accident injury, 3 patients by tumble and 1 patient by crash injury of heavy object. Type of bone fracture: there were 3 patients with type II, 5 patients with type I a and 9 patients with type Ill. The level of nerve injury according to ASIA criteria, there were 3 patients with grade C, 5 patients with grade D and 9 patienst with grade E.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 3 to 22 months averaged 8 months. All patients were recover completely without upper cervical spine pain and C2, C3 loss of reduction. No patients' nerve function was injured in the patients with normal function before operation. The patients with injured nerve function before operation improved 1 to 2 grade.

CONCLUSIONThe method of transarticular Hook-screw combination treatment for the unstable Hangman's fracture can obtain effective anatomical reduction and biological stability.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

AIM:To investigate the correlation of serum miR-146a with nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in diabetic retinopathy patients.

METHODS: A total of 100 patients with T2DM treated in our hospital from July 2016 to December 2017 were assigned into T2DM patients with DR(DR group, n=32)and T2DM patients without DR(T2DM group, n=68). Thirty healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of miR-146a. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of NF-κB and VEGF. The correlation between miR-146a and NF-κB and VEGF was analyzed.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, HbA1c in T2DM group and DR group increased(t=6.822, 5.709; P<0.001), FBG increased(t=8.889, 7.923; P<0.001), 2hPBG increased(t=6.646, 5.514; P<0.001). Compared with T2DM group, the duration of diabetes in DR group was longer(t=2.431, P=0.017). Compared with the control group, serum miR-146a in T2DM and group DR significantly decreased(t=3.967, 7.169; P<0.001), and the DR group was lower than that in the T2DM group(t=4.444, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the serum NF-κB in the T2DM and DR group increased significantly(t=6.063, 14.851; P<0.001), VEGF increased significantly(t=7.613, 12.943; P<0.001), NF-κB and VEGF in DR group were larger than those in T2DM group(t=11.406, 7.560; P<0.001). Pearson analysis showed that miR-146a was negatively correlated with NF-κB and VEGF(r=-0.503, -0.574; P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The serum miR-146a in DR patients significantly decreased, the NF-κB and VEGF significantly increased. MiR-146a may be involved in the pathogenesis of DR by mediating inflammatory reaction and vascular proliferation.

AIM: To compare the clinical efficacy of Ahmed drainage valve implantation and 23G cyclophotocoagulation for secondary glaucoma after traumatic vitrectomy.

METHODS: Totally 48 patients(48 eyes)with secondary glaucoma after traumatic vitrectomy were randomly selected from May 2014 to January 2016. According to the principle of random grouping, the patients were divided into experimental group and control group. Experimental group: 25 eyes were implanted with Ahmed drainage valve(25 eyes)and control group: 23G 532nm laser ciliary body photocoagulation(23 eyes). The intraocular pressure(IOP)and related complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTS: The intraocular pressure control rate was 83%(19/23)in the experimental group and 72%(18/25)in the control group, the difference was no statistically significant(χ²=0.76, P=0.19). The postoperative complication rate was 39%(9/23)of experimental group at 1wk after operation. The overall complication rate in the control group was 68%(17/25), which was significantly higher than that in the experimental group(χ²=4.02,P=0.03). At postoperative 3mo, corneal endothelial cell density of two groups decreased, compared with the preoperative, the difference was statistically significant(t=4.22, P<0.05), that of experimental group decreased by 13%, control group by 21%, with no statistical difference(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Ahmed drainage valve implantation and 23G cyclophotocoagulation are safe for the treatment of secondary glaucoma after traumatic vitrectomy. The operation is relatively safe, but 23G cyclophotocoagulation is more effective, for economic and practical, fewer complications.

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of intraoperative anterior chamber paracentesis on early stage intraocular pressure change after intravitreal injection of Conbercept.

METHODS: A prospective,randomized-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 30 eyes of 30 patients underwent intravitreal injection of Conbercept. The patients were randomly divided into Group A(15 patients with 22 treatments)and Group B(15 patients with 23 treatments)according to whether to applying anterior chamber paracentesis. IOP was measured before injection and 2, 30, 60min, 1d and 1wk after the injection with AccuPen tonometer.

RESULTS: Compared with preoperative intraocular pressure, there was no significant change in IOP of Group A(applying anterior chamber paracentesis)at any time we observed(P>0.05); while the IOP of Group B significantly increased at 2min after injection(42.4±9.3mmHg)with significant difference compared to Group A(P<0.05), and then the IOP dropped to normal(17.4±5.0mmHg)within 30min without significant difference compared to Group A(P>0.05).

CONCLUSION: Intraoperative anterior chamber paracentesis during intravitreal Conbercept can effectively control the early stage intraocular pressure raise after the injection.