The incidence of type 1 diabetes(T1DM)has increased significantly worldwide and has become a major public health problem.At present, it is believed that the occurrence of T1DM is related to various factors such as genetic susceptibility, immunity and environment, but the specific cause and exact mechanism are still not fully explained.In recent years, with the understanding and research of gut micro-ecology, abnormalities in the composition or functionality of gut microbiota lead to a variety of diseases, for instance, gastrointestinal diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 2 diabetes and so on.Yet there are evidences indicating that an imbalance of gut microbiota is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus, and in the T1DM children, the ecology of gut microbiota is different from healthy children.However, there are few studies on the gut microbiota in children with diabetes.This article will review the progress of gut microbiota of children with type 1 diabetes.

Primary neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland is a rare malignant tumor, the clinical diagnosis is difficult. This article report a primary parotid neuroendocrine small cell carcinoma which was initially diagnosed of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the parotid gland and was operated, but recurred 2 years later. The artide discuss about the characteristic of this disease and review the relevant literatures.

【Objective】 To study the impact of the storage duration of suspendedred blood cells(RBCs)on blood transfusion for patients with aplastic anemia. 【Methods】 76 occasions of blood transfusions for 36 patients with aplastic anemia, admitted to our hospital between 2017~2019, were observed. The effects of patient and donordemographics as well as storage duration on the efficacy of RBCs transfusion were analyzed using linear regression. 【Results】 Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that the efficacy of RBCs transfusion was negatively correlated with the patient′s weight (P<0.01) and the storage duration of suspended RBCs (P<0.05). Female recipients and male donors incurred better efficacy in RBCs transfusion. Further analysis revealed that, compared to units stored ≤7 days, transfusion of perunit ofsuspended RBCs stored 8 to 14 dor≥15 dresulted in hemoglobin decreasing as -0.619 (95% CI: -1.943-0.704; P>0.05) and -1.904 (95% CI: -3.750~-0.057; P<0.05) g/L, respectively, presenting a gradually decreasing trend. 【Conclusion】 Longer storage of RBCs has an impact on the efficacy of blood transfusion in patients with aplastic anemia.

Objective： ：To investigate the expression of miR-137 in cervical cancer tissues and cells, and to explore its effect on proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells as well as the mechanisms. Methods： ：Thirty-two pairs of cervical cancer tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues that surgically resected at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics of Dongguan People's Hospital from January 2017 to March 2018 were collected for this study. In addition, cervical cancer cell lines C33A, HeLa, SiHa and cervical epithelial immortalized cell line H8 were also collected. The expression of miR-137 in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines was detected by RT-PCR. miR-137 mimics and miR-137 NC were respectively transfected into C33Aand HeLa cells, and the effects of miR-137 over-expression on proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cell lines were observed by CCK-8 and Transwell assay. Luciferase reporter gene assay and WB were used to determine the relationship between miR-137 and Wnt5a in cervical cancer. Wnt5a over-expression vector was constructed, and the effects of simultaneous over-expression of Wnt5a and miR-137 on proliferation, migration and invasion of C33Aand HeLa cells were observed. Results： ：The expression level of miR-137 was significantly down-regulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, as compared to para-cancerous tissues and H8 cells (all P<0.05). The over-expression of miR-137 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion of C33A and HeLa cells (all P<0.05). Moreover, Wnt5a was identified as a target of miR-137 by luciferase reporter gene assay. Furthermore, Wnt5a over-expression, to a certain degree, attenuated the suppressive effects of miR-137 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of C33A and HeLa cells. Conclusion： ：miR-137 can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells via targeting Wnt5a, which may be an effective target for the treatment of cervical cancer.

Objective: To understand the characteristics of HIV infected persons without long term disease progress [also known as long term non-progressors (LTNPs)], and related factors in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Guangxi). Methods: Data of persons living with HIV and receiving no antiretroviral therapy in Guangxi by the end of 2016 were collected from the national HIV/AIDS comprehensive control and prevention information system of China. Results: By the end of 2016, there were 313 LTNPs in Guangxi, accounting for 2.3% of those being reported for more than 10 years, 5.4% of those being reported for more than 10 years and surviving, and 26.6% of those being reported for more than 10 years, surviving and receiving no antiretroviral therapy. Among the LTNPs, 87.2%(273) were men, 94.9% (297) were aged ≤ 40 years, 32.3% (101) were farmers, 55.6% (174) were single, divorced or widowed, 69.3% (217) were of Han ethnic group, 68.1% (213) were injecting drug users, and 52.1% (163) were from custody facilities. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that factors associated with delayed disease progression included age ≤40 years (compared with age >40 years, aOR=1.55, 95%CI: 1.31-3.12) and injection drug use (compared with sexual transmission, aOR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.10-1.74). Conclusions: A number of LTNPs existed in HIV-infected individuals in Guangxi. Further research are needed to identify the related factors, and it is necessary to conduct large sample size studies on host immunology, genetics and the virology of HIV to explore the related mechanism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; China/epidemiology* ; Drug Users/statistics & numerical data* ; Ethnicity/statistics & numerical data* ; HIV Infections/ethnology* ; Humans ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors

Adolescent ; Atlanto-Axial Joint ; surgery ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; surgery ; Joint Dislocations ; therapy ; Male

AIM:To observe the value of intravitreal injection of Conbercept in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy(PDR).

METHODS: Totally 64 patients(75 eyes)with PDR admitted to the hospital between January 2016 and October 2019 were recruited and divided into observation group(32 cases, 38 eyes)and control group(32 cases, 37 eyes)by random number table method. The observation group received vitrectomy and intravitreal injection of Conbercept, while the control group received simple vitrectomy. The best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)was detected before treatment, at 1wk, 1mo, and 3mo after operation. Changes in central macular thickness(CMT)before treatment and at 3mo after operation were determined. Aqueous humor or vitreous humor samples were collected before and after treatment to measure concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), placental growth factor(PIGF)and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and improvement time of symptoms(retinal edema, fundus hemorrhage, exudation)of the 2 groups were statistically analyzed. Incidences of complications in the 2 groups were recorded.

RESULTS: The observation group had better BCVA than the control group at 1wk, 1mo and 3mo after operation(P<0.05), and had smaller CMT than the control group at 3mo after operation(P<0.001). The concentrations of VEGF, PIGF and bFGF in observation group during operation were lower than those in the control group(P<0.001). The operation time, absorption time of retinal edema, fundus hemorrhage and exudation, intraoperative blood loss, and the total incidence of complications in the observation group were shorter and lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of Conbercept before vitrectomy can degrade new blood vessels, and shorten the operation time. It can not only help improve vision and relieve macular edema but also reduce surgical complications and promote postoperative recovery.

AIM: To detect the relative expression levels of microRNA-27a(miR-27a)and nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2(NRF2)in serum of patients with age-related macular degeneration(ARMD)bleeding, and to explore the correlation between the expression levels and the prognosis of ARMD bleeding.

METHODS: A retrospective case series observation was carried out.From June 2018 to October 2019, 80 patients with ARMD bleeding who were treated in our hospital were selected as ARMD bleeding group, and 80 healthy people who had routine examination in our hospital were selected as control group. The relative expression levels of miR-27a and NRF2 were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR), the diagnostic value of serum miR-27a and NRF2 expression for ARMD bleeding was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC). The incidence of poor prognosis was analyzed; in addition, Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of poor prognosis in patients with ARMD bleeding.

RESULTS: The relative expression level of miR-27a in serum of ARMD bleeding group was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.01), and the relative expression level of NRF2 mRNA in serum was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0.01). ROC results showed that the AUC of serum miR-27a and NRF2 in the diagnosis of ARMD bleeding was 0.867 and 0.820 respectively, and the cutoff value was 1.10 and 1.08 respectively, at this time, the corresponding sensitivity was 71.3% and 91.3%, and the specificity was 90.0% and 63.7%, respectively. The AUC of serum miR-27a combined with NRF2 in the diagnosis of ARMD bleeding was 0.912, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 86.3% and 85.0%, respectively. The incidence of poor prognosis in high miR-27a group was significantly higher than that in low miR-27a group(P<0.05); and the incidence of poor prognosis in high NRF2 group was significantly lower than that in low NRF2 group(P<0.05). Logistic analysis showed that the high expression of serum miR-27a was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with ARMD bleeding, and the high relative expression of NRF2 in serum was a protective factor for the poor prognosis of patients with ARMD bleeding.

CONCLUSION: The relative expression level of miR-27a in the serum of patients with ARMD hemorrhage is significantly increased, and the relative expression level of NRF2 is significantly decreased, both of them have certain diagnostic value for ARMD bleeding, and their relative expressions are closely related to the prognosis of patients, which is suggested that miR-27a and NRF2 can be used as potential biological indexes for early diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ARMD bleeding.

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical effect of Hook-screw combination treatment for the unstable Hangman's fracture.

METHODSFrom March 2005 to May 2008, 17 patients with unstable Hangman's fracture, of whom there were 15 males and 2 females aged from 28 to 75 years old with an average age of 46 years, were treated by Hook-screw combination. Of injury reasons, there were 8 patients caused by falling injury, 5 patients caused by traffic accident injury, 3 patients by tumble and 1 patient by crash injury of heavy object. Type of bone fracture: there were 3 patients with type II, 5 patients with type I a and 9 patients with type Ill. The level of nerve injury according to ASIA criteria, there were 3 patients with grade C, 5 patients with grade D and 9 patienst with grade E.

RESULTSAll patients were followed up for 3 to 22 months averaged 8 months. All patients were recover completely without upper cervical spine pain and C2, C3 loss of reduction. No patients' nerve function was injured in the patients with normal function before operation. The patients with injured nerve function before operation improved 1 to 2 grade.

CONCLUSIONThe method of transarticular Hook-screw combination treatment for the unstable Hangman's fracture can obtain effective anatomical reduction and biological stability.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fractures, Bone ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Humans ; Internal Fixators ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

AIM:To investigate the correlation of serum miR-146a with nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)in diabetic retinopathy patients.

METHODS: A total of 100 patients with T2DM treated in our hospital from July 2016 to December 2017 were assigned into T2DM patients with DR(DR group, n=32)and T2DM patients without DR(T2DM group, n=68). Thirty healthy volunteers were selected as control group. Real-time PCR was used to examine the expression of miR-146a. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of NF-κB and VEGF. The correlation between miR-146a and NF-κB and VEGF was analyzed.

RESULTS: Compared with the control group, HbA1c in T2DM group and DR group increased(t=6.822, 5.709; P<0.001), FBG increased(t=8.889, 7.923; P<0.001), 2hPBG increased(t=6.646, 5.514; P<0.001). Compared with T2DM group, the duration of diabetes in DR group was longer(t=2.431, P=0.017). Compared with the control group, serum miR-146a in T2DM and group DR significantly decreased(t=3.967, 7.169; P<0.001), and the DR group was lower than that in the T2DM group(t=4.444, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the serum NF-κB in the T2DM and DR group increased significantly(t=6.063, 14.851; P<0.001), VEGF increased significantly(t=7.613, 12.943; P<0.001), NF-κB and VEGF in DR group were larger than those in T2DM group(t=11.406, 7.560; P<0.001). Pearson analysis showed that miR-146a was negatively correlated with NF-κB and VEGF(r=-0.503, -0.574; P<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The serum miR-146a in DR patients significantly decreased, the NF-κB and VEGF significantly increased. MiR-146a may be involved in the pathogenesis of DR by mediating inflammatory reaction and vascular proliferation.