The pathogenesis of neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is mostly associated with mutations in genes related to the function or the number of islet β cells and pancreatic development and differentiation.Some of them are aberrant gene mutations related to chromosome methylation.With the amplification of pathogenic gene spectrum, new characteristics of clinical phenotypes have been discovered.In addition to insulin therapy, safe and effective sulfonylurea drugs can improve the neurodevelopmental disorders of some children with K-ATP channel related gene mutations by shutting down the K-ATP channel and releasing insulin.The review describes the recent research on the mechanism of NDM gene mutations and summarizes its clinical features to provide new ideas for treatment.

Bronchial asthma in children attacks or exacerbates at night and/or in the early morning.Sleep disorders are common concomitant symptoms of nocturnal asthma, including prolonged sleep onset latency, frequent wake-ups at night, daytime sleepiness, and sleep-disordered breathing, especially in children with poor asthma control.Asthma and sleep apnea share similar risk factors, and the interaction of potential causes promotes the disease progression.When it comes to treating children with asthma, it is necessary to clear whether sleep apnea exists or not.Sleep hygiene management and the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea play an important role in the standardized treatment of childhood asthma, which could improve asthma control and the sleep quality, thereby enhancing the quality of life in children with asthma.

Objective: To explore the effects of comprehensive temperature preserving nursing on the body temperature and the levels of lactic acid in lung transplantation patients. Methods: Totally 46 patients underwent lung transplantation were randomly divided into experimental group and control group, with 23 patients in each group. Comprehensive insulation nursing measures were implemented in the experimental group, and conventional insulation measures were used in the control group. The rectal temperature and arterial blood lactic acid values of the two groups were recorded and compared before anesthesia (T₀), after chest opening but before pulmonary artery occlusion (T₁), after pulmonary artery occlusion (T₂), during new lung transplantation (T₃), after pulmonary artery opening (T₄) and after surgery (T₅). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in rectal temperature and blood lactic acid between the two groups before anesthesia (t=1.53, 0.61, P>0.05). The rectal temperature of the experimental group were (36.55±0.14), (36.42±0.160), (36.33±0.13), (36.15±0.11), (36.45±0.10) ℃, which was higher than that of the control group (35.69±0.17, 35.52±0.19, 34.61±0.17, 34.47±0.13, 34.79±0.18) (F=3.24, P<0.01). The lactic acid level of the experimental group were (1.50±0.10), (2.97±0.15), (3.29±0.15), (2.15±0.10), (1.87±0.13) mmol/L, which was lower than that of the control group (2.37±0.10, 4.07±0.16, 5.15±0.21, 4.85±0.15, 4.72±0.17) (F=1.14, P<0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in rectal temperature between T₀ and all operative stages in experimental group (F=0.39-1.41, P>0.05). The lactate levels of experimental group at T2 and T3 was higher than that before anesthesia (F=1.33, 1.16, P<0.01), and recovered to the pre-anesthesia level at T4 and T5 (F=0.59, 1.00, P>0.05).In the control group, the rectal temperature during each operation period was lower than that before anesthesia (F=1.17-2.51, P<0.01), and the lactic acid level was higher than that before anesthesia (F=0.51-2.25, P<0.01). Conclusion Comprehensive heat preservation nursing measures can maintain the relative stability of body temperature during lung transplantation, which is conducive to tissue perfusion and oxygenation.

Objective To explore the mediating effect of social support on the relationship between negative emotion and coping style in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women. Methods A total of 202 HIV-infected pregnant women were enrolledby a convenient sampling method in this study. Participants completed questionnaires including social support rating scale (SSRS), knowledge, attitudes and practices scale for preventing mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (KAPS-PMTCT), selPrating anxiety scale (SAS), selrating depression scale (SDS), Berger HIV stigma scale (BHSS), and simplified coping style questionnaire (SCSQ). The relationships of these variables were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and structure equation modeling analysis. Results The correlations between negative emotion, social support and coping style were all significant. Social support was negatively correlated with negative emotion (P<0. 05) and negative coping style (P<0. 01), and was positively correlated with positive coping style (P<0. 01). Negative emotion was weakly negatively correlatedwith positive coping style (P < 0. 07), and was strongly positively correlated with negative coping style (P<0. 01). Structure equation modeling analysis showed that negative emotion indirectly affected the coping style of HIV-infected pregnant women mainly through the mediating effect of social support (x2/df=1. 835, foodness of ht index [GFI]=0. 975, adjusted goodness of ft index [AGFI]=0. 961, normed bt index [NFI]=0. 950, incremental bt index [IFI]=0. 938, comparative bt index [CFI] =0. 981, parsimony comparative fit index [PCFI]=0. 452, root mean square error approximation [RMSEA]=0.064), with the total amount of mediating effect of the positive coping style and negative coping style being -0.273 and 0.522, respectively. Conclusion Social support is an important mediator between negative emotion and coping style in HIV-infected pregnant women.

AIM: To investigate the risk factors about recrudescence of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP)after anti-VEGF treatment.

METHODS: A retrospective study about all the infants diagnosed with ROP and treated with anti-VEGF from June 2016 to October 2019 in our hospital. They were divided into recrudescence group(8 cases)and non- recrudescence group(48 cases). The relationship between various clinical risk factors and the recrudescence of ROP after anti-VEGF treatment were considered. Those risk factors included birth weight, gestational age, thrombocytosis, anemia, coagulation disorder, sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, asphyxia, pneumonia, intracranial hemorrhage, patent foramen ovale, and patency ductus arteriosus.

RESULTS: According to single-factor analysis, birth weight and intracranial hemorrhage showed statistically significant differences between recrudescence group and non-recrudescence group. Logistic regression analysis showed low birth weight(OR=9.800, P=0.039)and intracranial hemorrhage(OR=17.571, P=0.002)had relationship with recrudescence of ROP after anti-VEGF.

CONCLUSION: Low birth weight(<1 000g)and intracranial hemorrhage are the risk factors about recrudescence of ROP after anti-VEGF.

Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Poisoning ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To understand the current status and influencing factors of anti-drug ability of college students in Beijing, and provide suggestions for drug education in universities. Methods: A total of 966 students from 11 universities in Beijing were investigated with a self-designed questionnaire. and the data was analyzed with quantitative statistical analysis method. Results: The average types of drug college students are aware of was 6.64. Among the average cognitive drugs of college students in Beijing,the full score rate of drug resistance was 68.12%. Gender, different majors, and frequency of receiving drug prevention education were influential factors of drug knowledge and anti-drug ability of college students (χ 2=41.38，18.20，11.02，P<0.05). The commonest educational method was themed lectures (80.33%), and the Internet had played an increasingly important role in education (76.60%). Anti-drug short-movies was the most interesting education method for college students (79.30%), with a penetration rate of 42.44%. The number of drugs awared and the ability of anti-drugs improved significantly through the "6.27" project. Conclusion The anti-drug propaganda and education should be strengthened among the students majoring in sport arts, and the function of anti-drug videos should be greatly exploited to maximize the effect of education.

Objective: To observe the neuro-protective effect of Levocarnitine on severe hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) after enterovirus 71(EV71) infection, to preliminarily explore the possible mechanism preliminarily. Methods: One hundred and thirty-two children with EV71 infection and HFMD combined with serum S100 protein and neuronspecific enolase (NSE) abnormalities who were admitted to Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University from March 2015 to July 2016 were enrolled in the study.They were divided into the routine group and the Levocarnitine group by the random number grouping method.The routine group (66 cases, including 32 males and 34 females, median age of 2 years and 3 months) was given symptomatic treatment such as antiviral therapy while the Levo-carnitine group (66 cases, including 36 males and 30 females, median age of 2 years and 5 months) was treated with Levocarnitine for neuroprotection on the basis of routine group.Forty healthy children (23 males and 17 females, median age of 2 years and 6 months) who were examined at the Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University during the same period were selected as the healthy control group.The levels of S100, NSE, soluble apoptosis-related factors (sFas), soluble apoptosis-related factor ligands (sFasL), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum were compared between the healthy control group and children with HFMD.The levels of above-mentioned indexes in cerebrospinal fluid and serum, efficacy-related indicators such as duration of fever, white blood cell count on the 3^rd day of treatment, time to remission of nervous system symptoms, time of disease progression and critical conversion rate were compared between 2 groups of children with HFMD.The correlation between sFas, sFasL, MDA, SOD and S100, NSE was performed Results: (1) The levels of S100 [(0.38±0.16) μg/L vs. (0.06±0.23) μg/L], NSE [(43.70±8.80) μg/L vs. 10.10±3.60) μg/L], sFas [(6.61±1.86) μg/L vs. (3.88±1.22) μg/L], sFasL[(101.40±20.7) μg/L vs. (54.4±13.3) μg/L] and MDA[(11.98±2.54) nmol/L vs. (4.08±1.45) nmol/L] in serum of HFMD group were significantly higher than those of the healthy control group (t=-12.245, -22.895, -8.273, -12.803, -17.960, all P<0.05), while the SOD level [(57.10±10.40) kU/L vs. (70.3±14.4) kU/L] was significantly lower (t=5.457, P<0.05). (2) With the extension of treatment time for HFMD children in the two groups, S100 and NSE in cerebrospinal fluid, S100, NSE, sFas, sFasL and MDA in serum decreased, while SOD level increased.On the 3^rd and 7^th day after treatment, S100 (t₃=3.491, t₇=14.434), NSE (t₃=2.920, t₇=23.490) in cerebrospinal fluid, S100 (t₃=5.277, t₇=3.614), NSE (t₃=4.652, t₇=10.525), sFas (t₃=6.399, t₇=7.514), sFasL (t₃=11.155, t₇=8.804) and MDA (t₃=6.348, t₇=7.499) in serum of Levocarnitine group were significantly lower than those of routine group (all P<0.05), while SOD (t₃=3.162, t₇=-3.529) was significantly higher than that of routine group (P<0.05). (3) The relief time of neurological symptom in levocarnitine group was significantly shorter than that in the routine group [(1.23±0.65) d vs. (1.84±0.47) d], and WBC on the 3^rd day after treatment [(9.14±2.93)×10⁹/L vs. (7.12±2.58)×10⁹/L] and the progression time of the disease [(29.74±7.85) h vs. (17.36±8.73) h] were significantly better than the those in the routine group (t=-6.178, 4.204, 8.567, all P<0.05). The critical conversion rates of Levocarnitine group and the routine group were 7.58% and 18.18%, respectively, and the difference in critical conversion rate was not statistically significant (χ²=2.316, P>0.05). (4)There was a positive correlation between S100 and sFas, sFasL, MDA in children with HFMD (r=0.373, 0.735, 0.334, P<0.05). NSE was positively correlated with sFas and sFasL (r=0.479, 0.601, all P<0.05), while SOD and S100 were negatively correlated with NSE (r=-0.425, -0.460, all P<0.05). Conclusions Levocarnitine has good curative effect on severe HFMD in children infected by enterovirus EV71, which can effectively protect the cranial nerves.The mechanism may be related to scavenging oxygen free radicals and blocking nerve cell apoptosis.

【Objective】 To explore the correlation of serum vitamin D level of children aged 0 to 3 years with their caregivers′ nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) in Yibin, in order to provide reference for the prevention of vitamin D deficiency in children. 【Methods】 A total of 783 children aged 0 to 3 years who underwent child health care at the First People′s Hospital of Yibin from January to December 2020 were selected into this study. Children′s general conditions (feeding, growth and development, lifestyle, etc.) were collected, and venous blood samples were taken to detect serum 25-(OH)D concentration using the chemiluminescence method. The caregivers′ nutritional KAP was investigated using a self-designed knowledge-attitude-practice questionnaire. The relationship between the children′s vitamin D nutritional status and their caregivers′ nutritional KAP was analyzed using pearson correlation analysis. 【Results】 1) The exclusive breastfeeding rate of children aged 0 to 3 years was about 62.2%. Significant differences were found in outdoor activity time and average vitamin D supplementation among different age groups (t=9.030, 10.260, P<0.05). 2) The average concentration of serum 25-(OH)D was (36.8±8.7)ng/mL, and the incidence of vitamin D deficiency was 21.84%. Significant differences were found in serum 25-(OH)D level and the incidence of vitamin D deficiency among children of different ages, body shapes, outdoor activities, and vitamin D supplementation (t/F: 2.220 - 6.302, χ²: 5.346 - 33.134, P<0.05). 3) The caregivers′ nutritional KAP scores were 78.9±9.9, 88.1±8.3, and 78.3±11.8, respectively, with parents scoring higher than other caregivers (P<0.05). 4) Serum 25-(OH)D level was positively correlated with the nutritional knowledge, attitude, and behavior scores of caregivers (r=0.805, 0.650, 0.831, P<0.05). The caregivers′ nutritional KAP grade was correlated with vitamin D deficiency (P<0.05). 5) Overweight/obesity was a possible risk factor for vitamin D deficiency in children (OR=2.126, 95%CI: 1.162 - 3.887). Outdoor activity duration ≥2h/d (OR=0.592, 95%CI: 0.392 - 0.895), regular vitamin D supplementation (OR=0.618, 95%CI: 0.456 - 0.838), and good nutritional behavior of caregivers(OR=0.725, 95%CI: 0.563 - 0.933) were protective factors for vitamin D deficiency in children (P<0.05). 【Conclusions】 The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high among children aged 0 to 3 years in Yibin, and it is related to the nutritional KAP of their caregivers. Improving the nutritional KAP of caregivers can help prevent and manage vitamin D deficiency in children.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the variance of vacA genotypes and their vacuolating toxin activity of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) isolates from patients with peptic ulcer (PU) or chronic gastritis (CG) in Zhejiang area.

METHODSSignal and middle regions of parts of seventy H. pylori strains were sequenced after T-A cloning. Vacuolating toxin activity was detected with cell culture method.

RESULTSCompared with the reported sequences of H. pylori strain 60190 with s1a/m1 genotype, similarities of the signal-region sequences from 6 s1a-type H. pylori isolates were found to be 93.2%-98.3%, and from 1 m1b-type strain was 87.3%. When compared with the corresponding sequences of H. pylori strain 87-203 with m2 genotype, similarities of the mid-region from 4 m2-type isolates and 1 m1b-type isolates were 93.8%-97.6% and 71.7%, respectively. All 5 strains with s1a/m1 type produced vacuolating toxin activity detected by HeLa, RK-13, and SGC-7901 cell lines. Only 12 strains with s1a/m2 type produced cytotoxin in HeLa cells but 65.1% (28/43) and 62.8% (27/43) strains had cytotoxin in RK-13 and SGC-7901 cells. In RK-13 cells, 81.0% (17/21) strains with s1a/m1b produced vacuolating toxin activity.

CONCLUSIONVariance of vacA genotypes of local H. pylori isolates mainly lied in mid-region. H. pylori isolates with m2 type produced high cytotoxin in RK-13 and SGC-7901 cells, and low cytotoxin in HeLa cells. Cytotoxin strength of m1b-type strains was between strains with ml and m2 types. Vacuolating toxin activity of strains from PU group seemed obviously higher than that from CG group.

Animals ; Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Bacterial Toxins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; China ; Gastritis ; microbiology ; Genetic Variation ; Genotype ; Helicobacter pylori ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Humans ; Peptic Ulcer ; microbiology