Acute Kidney Injury ; Creatinine ; Humans ; Kidney ; Oxalates ; Retrospective Studies

Acute Lung Injury ; Animals ; Autophagy ; Explosions ; Lung ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of measles outbreak caused by genotype D8 virus in Pinghu city of Zhejiang province, and provide evidence for the control of the outbreak. Methods: The measles outbreak data were collected through National Measles Surveillance System. The outpatient records and admission records were checked, field investigation and outbreak response were conducted. Blood samples in acute phase and swab specimens were collected from the patients for laboratory testing, including serology test, RNA extraction and amplification, measles virus isolation and genotype identification. Software SPSS 17.0 and Excel 2016 were used for data analysis. Results: A total of 10 confirmed measles cases were reported in Pinghu city, and 8 cases were aged >40 years. Six blood samples were collected, in which 5 were measles D8 virus positive and 1 was negative in measles virus detection. There were epidemiological links among 10 cases which occurred in a factory, a hospital and a family at the same time. There was no statistical difference in symptoms among cases caused by D8 virus and H1a virus. After the emergent measles vaccination, the measles outbreak was effectively controlled. Conclusion: Untimely response due to the uneasy detection of measles cases in the early stage, nosocomial infection and weak barrier of measles immunity in adults might be the main reasons for this outbreak. Measles vaccination is effective in the prevention of measles D8 virus infection. It is necessary to strengthen measles genotype monitoring for the tracing of infection source and control of outbreaks.
Adult ; Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis ; Child ; Cross Infection ; Disease Outbreaks ; Genotype ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Measles/virology* ; Measles virus/isolation & purification* ; Outpatients ; Population Surveillance ; RNA, Viral/genetics* ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HIV/HCV co-infection and explore the influence factors and their interaction on HIV/HCV co-infection of patient's access to methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods: A face to face interviews were conducted among 750 patients at two MMT clinics in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The questionnaires information included demographic characteristics, HIV and HCV infection status, history of drug abuse, urine test for morphine, high risk sex behaviors, needle sharing, dropped out etc. Methods of χ(2) test one-way, multivariate logistic regression and interactions were used to analyze the related factors of HIV/HCV co-infection. Results: The study subjects included 750 participants, 18.31% (127/691) of patients were co-infected with HIV and HCV. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate in patients who shared needles with others or dropped out of treatment was 35.84% (81/226) and 19.88% (64/322) respectively, which were higher than those who have never shared needles or dropped out (9.89%, 46/465 and 17.07%, 63/369). Logistic regression analysis results showed that after adjusted for confounding factors, patients who shared needles (OR=4.50, 95%CI: 2.72-7.43) and dropped out of treatment (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.04-2.80) were more likely to be infected with HIV/HCV. Interaction analysis showed that sharing needles and dropping out of treatment exist additive effect on co-infection of HIV and HCV (RERI=4.21, AP=0.44, SI=1.95). Conclusions: Needle sharing and dropping out of treatment are associated with HIV/HCV co-infection. Health education, psychological counseling and other measures should be taken to reduce needle sharing and dropping out of MMT.
China/epidemiology* ; Coinfection/epidemiology* ; Female ; HIV Infections/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis C/diagnosis* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Methadone/therapeutic use* ; Morphine ; Needle Sharing ; Opiate Substitution Treatment ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Substance Abuse, Intravenous/drug therapy* ; Substance-Related Disorders

Objective: To investigate the sleep quality and related determinants among centenarians in Hainan. Methods: A cross-sectional study of centenarians from 16 cities/counties was carried out in Hainan province between June 2014 and June 2016. Data related to demography, chronic diseases and lifestyles of the centenarians were collected. Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality of sleep while multivariable logistic Regression model was used to determine the risk factors on the quality of sleep. Results: Of the 730 centenarians in this study, 225 suffered from sleep disorders (30.8%). The average score of PSQI was (6.44±3.05), with the top three problems related to sleep as sleep inefficiency (48.5%), sleep latency (35.5%), and daytime dysfuntion (20.6%) among the centenarians. Results from the multivariate logistic analysis showed that incontinence, cardiovascular disease and chronic pain were risk factors, while habitual afternoon nap, and regular diet appeared as protective factors (P<0.05), related to sleep disorder. Conclusions: Quality of sleep had been a problem to the centenarians in Hainan. Intervention on risk factors of sleep disorder should be helpful on these centenarians.
Aged, 80 and over ; Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology* ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diet ; Female ; Humans ; Life Style ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology*

Objective: To investigate the self-rated health and related factors in centenarians in Hainan province. Methods: A cross-sectional study in centenarians from 18 cities and counties was carried out in Hainan between June 2014 and December 2016. They data about their demographics, chronic diseases, ability of daily life, mental health and sleep quality were collected in a household interview. Self-rated health status was classified into 5 degrees according to the subjective assessment by centenarians. Results: Of 991 centenarians in this study, 157 (15.8%) were in good self-rated health and 228 (23.0%) were in poor self-rated health. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that chronic pain, visual impairment, depression, limited ability of daily life and poor sleep quality were the factors associated with poor self-rated health in centenarians in Hainan (P<0.05). Conclusion: The proportion of centenarians in good self-rated health was low in Hainan, the influencing factors included chronic pain, visual impairment, depression, poor sleep quality and limited ability of daily life. It is necessary to conduct targeted intervention in centenarians in Hainan.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Chronic Disease/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Depression/epidemiology* ; Depressive Disorder/epidemiology* ; Female ; Geriatric Assessment ; Health Status ; Health Status Indicators ; Humans ; Male ; Mental Health ; Risk Factors ; Sleep/physiology* ; Sleep Wake Disorders/epidemiology*