1.The Contribution of Reproductive Factors and Family History towards Premenopausal Breast Cancer Risk in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
S Mohd Razif ; S Sulaiman ; S Soraya Hanie ; E Nor Aina ; M Rohaizak ; I Fuad ; M I Nurismah ; N A Sharifah
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2011;66(3):220-226
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Malaysian
women. This study aimed to determine the reproductive for
premenopausal breast cancer risk in Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. A case-control study was conducted in 216
histopathologically confirmed cases of premenopausal
breast cancer and 216 community-based controls that were
matched by age within a 5-year period and ethnicity. The
results of this study showed that premenopausal breast
cancer risks were strongly related to parity, number of live births and family history of breast cancer. Premenopausal women with these known reproductive and family history risk factors should take extra measures to undergo appropriate screening method for early detection of breast cancer
2.Autologous mononuclear cells from different sources are seen to improve wound healing in patients with haematological malignancies
Wan Fariza Wan Jamaludin ; Farina Mohamad YUSOFF ; Nor Azimah ISMAIL ; Mohd Razif Mohd Idris ; Sivakumar PALANIAPPAN ; Christopher Ng Kee Kiat ; Noraimy ABDULLAH ; Seery Zaliza Azura Zaider ; S. Fadilah S. Abdul Wahid
The Malaysian Journal of Pathology 2018;40(1):61-67
Introduction: Immunosuppressive state due to haematological malignancies and chemotherapy may cause disruption to wound healing despite optimum conventional treatment and standard wound dressing. Non-healing wounds are predisposed to infection whereas chemotherapy dose reductions or interruptions are associated with poor survival. Background: Mononuclear cells contain progenitor cells including haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells and fibroblasts which facilitate wound healing through cytokines, growth factor secretions, cell-cell interactions and provision of extracellular matrix scaffolding. Clinical applications of autologous mononuclear cells therapy in wound healing in non-malignant patients with critical limb ischaemia have been reported with remarkable outcome. Methods: We report three patients with haematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy, who received autologous mononuclear cells implantation to treat non-healing wound after optimum conventional wound care. The sources of mononuclear cells (MNC) were from bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood (PB) and mobilised PB cells (mPB-MNC) using granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The cells were directly implanted into wound and below epidermis. Wound sizes and adverse effects from implantation were assessed at regular intervals. Results: All patients achieved wound healing within three months following autologous mononuclear cells implantation. No implantation adverse effects were observed. Conclusions: Autologous mononuclear cells therapy is a feasible alternative to conventional wound care to promote complete healing in non-healing wounds compounded by morbid factors such as haematological malignancies, chemotherapy, diabetes mellitus (DM), infections and prolonged immobility.