INTRODUCTIONThe aim of this study was to determine if racial differences exist in the rate of posterior capsule rupture (PCR) during cataract surgery in Singapore.

MATERIALS AND METHODSAll intraoperative complications during cataract surgery were prospectively reported as part of a clinical audit programme. A retrospective review of all patients who sustained a PCR during cataract surgery between July 1995 and December 1998 was performed.

RESULTSOf 8230 consecutive eyes which underwent cataract surgery, 6951 (84.5%) were Chinese, 597 (7.3%) were Malay, 524 (6.4%) were Indian, and 158 (1.9%) were of other races. The overall incidence of PCR was 1.9%. The PCR rates were 1.8% [125 of 6951; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.49 to 2.11] in Chinese, 2.0% (12 of 597; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.57) in Malay, 2.7% (14 of 524; 95% CI, 1.13 to 3.56) in Indian, and 2.5% (4 of 158; 95% CI, 0.00 to 4.98) in other races. There was no statistical difference between the PCR rates (P = 0.62, chi-square test).

CONCLUSIONRacial differences in Singapore do not have an effect on the rates of PCR during cataract surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Capsulorhexis ; adverse effects ; Cataract Extraction ; adverse effects ; Eye Injuries ; ethnology ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Lens Capsule, Crystalline ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; adverse effects ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Medical Audit ; Middle Aged ; Phacoemulsification ; adverse effects ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; ethnology ; etiology ; Singapore ; epidemiology

Objective: To investigate the clinicopathological features of perivascular epithelioid cell tumor (PEComa) of the lung. Methods: Eight PEComa cases of the lung diagnosed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China from July 2008 to December 2021 were collected and subject to immunohistochemical staining, fluorescence in situ hybridization and next generation sequencing. The relevant literature was reviewed and the clinicopathological features were analyzed. Results: There were 5 males and 3 females, aged from 18 to 70 years (mean 39 years). There were 3 cases of the right upper lung, 3 cases of the left lower lung, 1 case of the left upper lung and 1 case of the right middle lung. Seven cases were solitary and 1 case was multifocal (4 lesions). Seven cases were benign while one was malignant. The tumors were all located in the peripheral part of the lung, with a maximum diameter of 0.2-4.0 cm. Grossly, they were oval and well circumscribed. Microscopically, the tumor cells were oval, short spindle-shaped, arranged in solid nests, acinar or hemangiopericytoma-like patterns, with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm. The stroma was rich in blood vessels with hyalinization. Coagulated necrosis and high-grade nuclei were seen in the malignant case, and calcification was seen in 2 cases. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Melan A (8/8), HMB45 (7/8), CD34 (6/8), TFE3 (4/7), and SMA (3/8). All cases were negative for CKpan and S-100. TFE3 (Xp11.2) gene fusion was examined using the TFE3 break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization in 5 cases, in which only the malignant case was positive. The next generation sequencing revealed the SFPQ-TFE3 [t(X;1)(p11.2;p34)] fusion. Follow-up of the patients ranged from 12 to 173 months while one patient was lost to the follow-up. The malignant case had tumor metastasis to the brain 4 years after the operation and then received radiotherapy. Other 6 cases had no recurrence and metastasis, and all the 7 patients survived. Conclusions: Most of the PEComas of the lung are benign. When there are malignant morphological features such as necrosis, high-grade nuclei or SFPQ-TFE3 gene fusion, close follow-up seems necessary.
Male ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Perivascular Epithelioid Cell Neoplasms/pathology* ; Lung/pathology* ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors/genetics* ; Necrosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis*

Objective: To study the association between blood pressure related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment in the elderly. Methods: In 2015, all participants who were aged ≥60 and participated in the Nutrition and Chronic disease family cohort were involved in the study. Information on demographic variables, lifestyle and health status was collected. Cognitive performance was assessed by the Mini Mental State Evaluation (MMSE) scale. Blood pressure, height and weight were measured by trained medical personnel and fasting venous blood samples were collected for testing on serum level of triglycerides and total cholesterol. Both SBP and DBP were used as response variables when dietary patterns were identified by reduced rank regression method. Logistic regression models were fit to explore the associations of scores on blood pressure-related dietary pattern and cognitive impairment. Results: Two blood related dietary patterns were identified. The first one was characterized by high consumption of vegetables and less meat, eggs and dessert (Pattern 1), while the second one was with high consumption of meat, soy products, wine and fried foods and less intake of dairy (Pattern 2). Data showed that the Pattern 1 was associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Comparing with the lowest quartile of score of this dietary pattern, the risk of cognitive impairment in the highest quartile group showed a significant (P<0.01) increase, with OR=1.94 (1.21-3.11) and showing significant (P=0.002) linear trend. However, no significant association was observed (P>0.05) with cognitive impairment in the second dietary pattern. Conclusion: Blood pressure-related dietary pattern was positively associated with cognitive impairment.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian People ; Blood Pressure/physiology* ; Body Weight ; Cognitive Aging ; Cognitive Dysfunction/blood* ; Cohort Studies ; Diet ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Meat ; Middle Aged ; Nutritional Status ; Red Meat ; Risk Factors ; Seafood ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Vegetables

Objective: To understand the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 5 populations in China during 2016-2017 and provide evidence for the estimation of prevalence trend of hepatitis C and evaluation on the prevention and control effect. Methods: A total of 87 national sentinel surveillance sites for hepatitis C were set up in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of China to obtain the information about HCV infection prevalence in 5 populations, including volunteer blood donors, people receiving physical examination, patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, patients receiving hemodialysis, and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics. From April to June, 2016 and 2017, cross-sectional surveys were repeatedly conducted in the 5 populations and blood samples were collected from them for HCV antibody detection. Results: In 2016, 86 sentinel sites completed the surveillance (one sentinel site was not investigated), and 115 841 persons were surveyed. The overall HCV positive rate was 0.38% (442/115 841, 95%CI: 0.23%-0.53%). In 2017, all the 87 sentinel sites completed the surveillance, and 120 486 persons were surveyed. The overall HCV positive rate was 0.37% (449/120 486, 95%CI: 0.23%-0.52%). In 2016 and 2017, the anti-HCV positive rates were 4.46% (223/5 005, 95%CI: 2.18%-6.73%) and 4.39% (216/4 919, 95%CI: 2.29%-6.50%) respectively in hemodialysis patients, 0.85% (44/5 200, 95%CI: 0.27%-1.42%) and 0.70% (36/5 150, 95%CI: 0.15%-1.24%) respectively in patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment and remained to be ≤0.25% in volunteer blood donors, people receiving physical examination and clients visiting family planning outpatient clinics. Results for the comparison of the anti-HCV positive rates in the 5 populations indicated that the differences were significant (F=23.091, P<0.001 in 2016 and F=20.181, P<0.001 in 2017). Conclusions: Data from the sentinel surveillance of HCV infection on prevalence in China showed that the anti-HCV positive rates varied in the 5 populations during 2016-2017. The anti-HCV positive rate appeared the highest in the hemodialysis patients, followed by that in the patients receiving invasive diagnosis and treatment, and the prevalence of HCV infection in other 3 populations were at low levels.
China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Hepacivirus ; Hepatitis C/epidemiology* ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Sentinel Surveillance