Objective: To analyze the mortality and years of life lost (YLL) trends of cervical cancer in Tianjin, and provide references for the research and prevention programs of cervical cancer. Methods: Mortality rate, standard mortality rate, cumulative rate (0-74 years-old) and truncated rate (35-64 years-old) of cervical cancer from 1999 to 2015 were calculated. The annual percentage change of the mortality rate and YLL rate were analyzed by using Joinpoint regression analysis, and the trend in different age-groups were analyzed. Results: From 1999 to 2015, 1 741 cases died of cervical cancer in Tianjin, the average crude mortality rate was 2.15/100 000. The average age-standardized rate of (ASR) China and ASR world were 1.47/100 000 and 1.50/100 000 respectively. The average YLL was 3 347.97 person-years. Deaths occurred in those aged 0-34 years, 35-64 years and 65 years and over accounted for 3.10%, 57.84% and 39.06% of the total, respectively. The mortality rate of cervical cancer in urban area was higher than that in rural area, with a ratio of 1.37∶1 between urban area and rural area. The age-specific mortality rate of cervical cancer during 1999-2015 increased with age. Two peaks of mortality rate were observed in those aged 50 years and aged 75 years, during 2014-2015. From 1999 to 2011, the mortality rate of cervical cancer was stable (APC=-0.2%, P=0.80), but there was a rapid increase from 2011 to 2015 (APC=21.6%, P<0.01). But group aged 20-49 years, it showed an upward trend from 1999 to 2015 (APC=6.9%, P<0.01). For group aged 50-69 years, it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2007 (APC=-9.2%, P<0.01), and an upward trend from 2007 to 2015 (APC=14.5%, P<0.01). For group aged 70 years and over, it showed a downward trend from 1999 to 2009 (APC=-10.2%, P<0.01), but the difference in the mortality were not significant from 2009 to 2015 (APC=7.8%, P=0.10). Since 2008, the YLL rate of cervical cancer in group aged 50-70 years had exceeded that in group aged >70 years and the gap gradually widened. Conclusions: There had been a rapid increase trend of cervical cancer mortality since 2011 in Tianjin. Women aged 50-70 years were the main group of life loss.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Middle Aged ; Mortality/trends* ; Regression Analysis ; Residence Characteristics ; Survival Rate/trends* ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/mortality* ; Young Adult

Objective: To investigate the rates on prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of hypertension in population older than 15 years of age in Beijing, 2013-2014. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Beijing between 2013-2014. Stratified multistage random sampling method was used to select representative sample of 13 057 Chinese individuals aged over 15 years, from the general population. Blood pressure was measured for three readings at sitting position after resting for at least five minutes with an average reading recorded. A standardized structured questionnaire was developed to collect history of hypertension and antihypertensive treatment. Results: A total of 4 663 community residents aged over 15 years were hypertensive among the 13 057 individuals, with the standardized prevalence rate as 32.7%, in Beijing area. The age-standardized prevalence rates of hypertension appeared 34.6% in men and 30.8% in women. The age-and sexstandardized prevalence of hypertension rates were 33.3% in urban and 24.6% in rural areas. The prevalence of hypertension increased with age and appeared higher in men than in women, in urban than in rural residents. Among the hypertensive patients, rates of awareness, treatment and control were 66.8%, 64.6% and 31.6%, respectively. Conclusion: High prevalence of hypertension with low rates on awareness and treatment and control, appeared in the general population of Beijing. Related strategies should be developed regarding prevention, control and management of hypertension, to reduce the burden of this disease.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use* ; Asian People/statistics & numerical data* ; Awareness ; Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Determination ; China/epidemiology* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Hypertension/epidemiology* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Rural Population ; Sex Distribution ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate whether green tea consumption can reduce the risk of adult leukemia.

METHODSA hospital-based matched case-control study was conducted in 2005 - 2006. We recruited 107 confirmed leukemia cases and 110 inpatient controls with orthopedic disease without leukemia or other malignancy matched on gender, age and hospitals that patients stayed. Related information were gathered on quantity, duration and frequency of tea consumption, demographic characteristics, exposure to radiation and occupational hazards, medications, using a validated questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Univariate and multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with SPSS 11.5 software.

RESULTSCompared with non-tea-drinkers, the OR of those who consumed green tea was 0.58 (95% CI:0.34-1.00, P< 0.05) under univariate statistical analysis. The OR was 0.52 ( 95% CI: 0.28- 0.98, P = 0.04), using logistic regression to count for age, gender, residential area, smoking, level of education, exposure to radiation, benzene and organo-phosphorus. Compared with non-drinkers, the risk of adult leukemia declined with increasing quantity, duration, and frequency of green tea consumption. Tests for trend on dose-response was statistically significant (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONA higher consumption of green tea seemed to be associated with a declined risk of adult leukemia. Tea consumption might be of help to human health planning projects.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Leukemia ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Tea

Objective: To analyze the characteristics of super-antigen (SAg) of group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS), isolated from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017. Methods: Throat swab specimens from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections were collected and tested for GAS. Eleven currently known SAg genes including SpeA, speC, speG, speH, speI, speJ, speK, speL, speM, smeZ and ssa were tested by real-time PCR while M protein genes (emm genes) were amplified and sequenced by PCR. Results: A total of 377 GAS were isolated from 6 801 throat swab specimens, with the positive rate as 5.5%. There were obvious changes noticed among speC, speG, speH and speK in three years. A total of 45 SAg genes profiles were observed, according to the SAgs inclusion. There were significant differences appeared in the frequencies among two of the highest SAg genes profiles between emm1 and emm12 strains (χ(2)=38.196, P<0.001; χ(2)=72.310, P<0.001). There also appeared significant differences in the frequencies of speA, speH, speI and speJ between emm1 and emm12 strains (χ(2)=146.154, P<0.001; χ(2)=52.31, P<0.001; χ(2)=58.43, P<0.001; χ(2)=144.70, P<0.001). Conclusions: Obvious changes were noticed among SAg genes including speC, speG, speH and speK from patients with scarlet fever or pharyngeal infections in Beijing between 2015-2017. SAg genes including speA, speH, speI and speJ appeared to be associated with the emm 1 and emm 12 strains. More kinds of SAg genes profiles were isolated form GAS but with no significant differences seen in the main SAg genes profiles, during the epidemic period.
Antigens, Bacterial/genetics* ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; Bacterial Proteins ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; China/epidemiology* ; Exotoxins ; Female ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins ; Pharyngitis/microbiology* ; Pharynx/microbiology* ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/microbiology* ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Scarlet Fever/microbiology* ; Streptococcal Infections ; Streptococcus pyogenes/isolation & purification* ; Superantigens/genetics*

[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the expression of miR-185 and cell division cyclin 42 (CDC42) in osteosarcoma tissues and cells, and to preliminarily explore whether miR-185 affects the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma MG63 cells by regulating CDC42. Methods: The cancer tissues and para-cancerous tissues of 28 patients with osteosarcoma that pathologically confirmed in the Fourth People's Hospital of Hengshui City from January 2020 to January 2021 were collected for this study. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of CDC42 in osteosarcoma tissues, and qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-185 in osteosarcoma tissues. Dual-luciferase reporter gene experiment was applied to verify the targeting relationship between CDC42 and miR-185. According to different transfectants, MG63 cells were divided into miR-185 mimic group, miR-NC group, miR-185 inhibitor group, NC-inhibitor group, CDC42 group (transfected with CDC42 over-expression vector), and negative control (NC) group. The effects of miR-185 and CDC42 expression on the migration, proliferation and cell cycle of MG63 cells were detected by scratch healing assay, CCK-8 method and FCM, respectively. A nude mouse xenograft model was constructed by inoculating osteosarcoma MG63 cells. Immunohistochemistry, qPCR and WB methods were used to detect the effects of over-expression or knock-down of miR-185 on the expression of Ki67 and CDC42 in transplanted tumor tissues. Results: Compared with para-cancerous tissues, the expression of miR-185 in osteosarcoma tissues was significantly decreased, while the expression of CDC42 was significantly increased (all P<0.01). CDC42 was verified to be a target gene of miR-185. Compared with the control group, the migration and proliferation of MG63 cells in the miR-185 mimic group were inhibited (all P<0.01), while the migration and proliferation of MG63 cells in the CDC42 group were increased and the cell cycle was arrested in the S phase (all P<0.01). Compared with the miR-185 group, the migration and proliferation abilities of MG63 cells in the miR-185+CDC42 group were promoted, and the proportion of cells in S phase was increased (all P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the expression of Ki67 and CDC42 in the transplanted tumor tissues of miR-185 mimic group was significantly decreased (all P<0.01), while the opposite results were observed in miR-185 inhibitor group (all P<0.01). Conclusion: miR-185 is lowly expressed while CDC42 is highly expressed in osteosarcoma tissues. miR-185 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of osteosarcoma MG63 cells by negatively regulating the expression of CDC42.

Being an undisputed risk factor of cancer, air pollution is posing a huge threat to the health on human beings. In this article, we introduced the composition of air pollution, and the standards on air quality which was set by both World Health Organization and the Chinese government. We also summarized the most recent research findings on the association between air pollution and the risk of lung, breast, bladder and other major cancers.
Air Pollutants/toxicity* ; Air Pollution/adverse effects* ; Humans ; Neoplasms/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; Research/trends* ; Risk Factors

Humans ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics* ; Lung Neoplasms/pathology* ; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics* ; Gene Fusion ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics*

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) offers a unique opportunity for biological and basic medical researches due to its genetic tractability and well-defined developmental lineage. It also provides an exceptional model for genetic, molecular, and cellular analysis of human disease-related genes. Recently, C. elegans has been used as an ideal model for the identification and functional analysis of drugs (or small-molecules) in vivo. In this review, we describe conserved oncogenic signaling pathways (Wnt, Notch, and Ras) and their potential roles in the development of cancer stem cells. During C. elegans germline development, these signaling pathways regulate multiple cellular processes such as germline stem cell niche specification, germline stem cell maintenance, and germ cell fate specification. Therefore, the aberrant regulations of these signaling pathways can cause either loss of germline stem cells or overproliferation of a specific cell type, resulting in sterility. This sterility phenotype allows us to identify drugs that can modulate the oncogenic signaling pathways directly or indirectly through a high-throughput screening. Current in vivo or in vitro screening methods are largely focused on the specific core signaling components. However, this phenotype-based screening will identify drugs that possibly target upstream or downstream of core signaling pathways as well as exclude toxic effects. Although phenotype-based drug screening is ideal, the identification of drug targets is a major challenge. We here introduce a new technique, called Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS). This innovative method is able to identify the target of the identified drug. Importantly, signaling pathways and their regulators in C. elegans are highly conserved in most vertebrates, including humans. Therefore, C. elegans will provide a great opportunity to identify therapeutic drugs and their targets, as well as to understand mechanisms underlying the formation of cancer.
Caenorhabditis elegans* ; Drug Discovery* ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Germ Cells ; Humans ; Infertility ; Mass Screening ; Molecular Biology ; Neoplastic Stem Cells ; Phenotype ; Social Control, Formal ; Stem Cell Niche ; Stem Cells ; Vertebrates

OBJECTIVETo obtain the polymorphic data of short tandem repeat(STR) loci of D15S657, D11S1369, D6S2420 and D6S503 in Chinese Han population and to study the association of these four STR loci with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus(IDDM).

METHODSThe polymorphisms of the four STRs were studied by polymerase chain reaction-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(PCR-PAGE) followed by direct sequencing of PCR products in 105 normal Chinese Hans and 48 patients with IDDM.

RESULTSSeven alleles at D15S657 locus, 5 alleles at D11S1369 locus, 7 alleles at D6S2420 locus and 4 alleles at D6S503 locus were found. No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed. The heterozygosities of these loci were 0. 7524, 0.6000, 0.6286, 0.6571 and the polymorphic information contents(PIC) 0.7616, 0.4430, 0.5345 and 0.5932, respectively. The allele frequencies of allele A(5) at D15S657 locus, allele A(5) at D11S1369 locus and allele A(4) at D6S2420 locus were increased significantly in patients with IDDM, compared to those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe four STRs, used as genetic markers, were suitable for case-control study, forensic medicine identification and population genetic study. There is an association between the polymorphisms of D15S657, D11S1369, D6S2420 and IDDM.

Adult ; Aged ; China ; ethnology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Tandem Repeat Sequences

Objective: To understand the prevalence of major human parasitic diseases and related factors in Henan province. Methods: This stratified sampling survey was carried out according to the requirement of national survey protocol of major human parasitic diseases, 2014-2015. The prevalence of soil-transmitted helminths infection, taeniasis and intestinal protozoiasis were surveyed in 104 sites selected from 35 counties (districts) and the prevalence of clonorchiasis was surveyed in 62 sites selected from 37 townships. In each survey spot, 250 persons were surveyed. A total of 26 866 persons and 15 893 persons were surveyed. Modified Kato-Katz thick smear was used to detect the eggs of intestinal helminthes. Tube fecal culture was used to identify the species of hookworm. The Enterobius eggs were detected in children aged 3 to 6 years by using adhesive tape. The cyst and trophozoite of intestinal protozoa were examined with physiological saline direct smear method and iodine stain method. Results: The overall infestation rate of intestinal parasites was2.02% in Henan, and the worm infection rate was higher than protozoa infection rate. Fourteen kinds of intestinal parasites were found, including nematode (5 species), trematode (2 species), and protozoan (7 species). The infection rate of Enterobius vermicularis was highest, and Qinba Mountain ecological area had the highest infestation rate of intestinal parasites in 4 ecological areas of Henan. There was no significant difference in intestinal parasite infection rate between males and females (χ(2)=3.630, P=0.057), and the differences in intestinal parasite infection rate among different age groups had significance (χ(2)=124.783, P=0.000 1). The infection rate reached the peak in age group ≤9 years and the major parasite was Enterobius vermicularis. Furthermore the overall human infection rate of parasite showed a downward trend with the increase of educational level of the people (χ(2)=70.969, P=0.000 1), the differences had significance (χ(2)=120.118, P=0.000 1). For different populations, the infection rate of intestinal parasites was highest among preschool children. The infection of intestinal helminth was mainly mild, only 2 severe cases were detected. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis in urban residents was only 0.006%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being preschool children (χ(2)=15.765, P=0.000 1) and drinking well water (χ(2)=45.589, P=0.000 1) were the risk factors for intestinal parasite infection, and annual income per capita of farmers was the protective factor against intestinal parasite infection. The infection rates of protozoa and intestinal parasites decreased sharply compared with the results of previous two surveys, and the rate of intestinal helminth infection also dropped sharply compared with the second survey. The numbers of protozoa, helminth and intestinal parasites detected in this survey were all less than the numbers found in the previous two surveys. Conclusions: Compared the results of three surveys in Henan, the infection rate of protozoa and intestinal parasites showed a downward trend. The prevention and treatment of Enterobius vermicularis infection in children should be the key point of parasitic disease control in the future.
Animals ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Clonorchiasis/epidemiology* ; Farmers ; Feces/parasitology* ; Female ; Helminthiasis/epidemiology* ; Helminths ; Humans ; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/parasitology* ; Male ; Prevalence ; Protective Factors ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Soil Microbiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Taeniasis/epidemiology* ; Trematode Infections/parasitology* ; Urban Population ; Water Wells