Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of self-care on burnout experienced by primary family caregivers of persons with dementia. Methods: The subjects of the study were 156 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia at home in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 for Windows. Results: The mean scores for self-care and burnout were 42.35 and 61.60, respectively. Self-care, subjective health status, living with a person with dementia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were significant factors affecting burnout in family caregivers. Self-care was identified as the strongest factor affecting burnout, explaining 13.9% of burnout with controlling factors in caregivers and care receivers. Conclusion To prevent burnout in primary family caregivers of persons with dementia, self-care of family caregivers should be emphasized. In nursing education, family caregivers should be recognized and approached as nursing clients who are responsible for taking care of their health. In nursing practice and research, digital self-care or self-care improvement intervention programs should be designed to help family caregivers, and further studies on self-care centered on health of family caregivers should be conducted.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of self-care on burnout experienced by primary family caregivers of persons with dementia. Methods: The subjects of the study were 156 primary family caregivers of persons with dementia at home in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression using IBM SPSS Statistics ver. 24.0 for Windows. Results: The mean scores for self-care and burnout were 42.35 and 61.60, respectively. Self-care, subjective health status, living with a person with dementia, and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia were significant factors affecting burnout in family caregivers. Self-care was identified as the strongest factor affecting burnout, explaining 13.9% of burnout with controlling factors in caregivers and care receivers. Conclusion To prevent burnout in primary family caregivers of persons with dementia, self-care of family caregivers should be emphasized. In nursing education, family caregivers should be recognized and approached as nursing clients who are responsible for taking care of their health. In nursing practice and research, digital self-care or self-care improvement intervention programs should be designed to help family caregivers, and further studies on self-care centered on health of family caregivers should be conducted.

No abstract available.
Drug Eruptions ; Humans ; Melanoma

Total 1950 cases of general, spinal and epidural anesthesia for cesarean section were performed in Department of Anesthesiology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine from June 1982 to May 1987. The followings are results of the observations on 1950 cases. 1) The incidence of cesarean section was 21.76 percent of total deliveries and the tendency is increasing. 2) Types of anesthesia are General anesthesia(1004 cases), Spinal anesthesia(557 cases), Epidural anesthesia(389 cases). 3) One minute Apgar score in spinal, epidural anesthesia are better than in general anesthesia. 4) Perinatal mortality of total deliveries is 1.007%. 5) Painless delivery: 50 cases. 6) Postoperative pain control: Spinal anesthesia: 48 cases. Epidural catheter: 335 cases(Ketamine:50 cases)
Anesthesia ; Anesthesia, Epidural ; Anesthesia, General ; Anesthesia, Obstetrical* ; Anesthesia, Spinal ; Anesthesiology ; Apgar Score ; Catheters ; Cesarean Section ; Female ; Gangwon-do ; Incidence ; Pain, Postoperative ; Perinatal Mortality ; Pregnancy

Various cutaneous cysts such as epidermal cysts, trichilemmal cysts, vellus hair cysts, steatocystoma, or pilomatricoma can arise from a different part of the pilosebaceous unit, namely the infundibulum, isthmus, sebaceous ducts, and bulbar or inferior portion. Rarely, a hybrid cyst that includes two or more components of a cystic lesion arising from the pilosebaceous unit can develop. The pathogenesis of this unusual disease is not yet known. We report a case of a follicular hybrid cyst which showed combined histologic features of both an epidermal cyst and pilomatricoma, and discuss the possible pathomechanism of the development of this hybrid cyst with a review of the literature.
Epidermal Cyst ; Hair ; Pilomatrixoma

The nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, is an autosomal dominant multiple system disorder with high penetrance and variable expressions, although it can also arise spontaneously. The diagnostic criteria for nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome include multiple basal cell carcinomas, palmoplantar pits, multiple odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal anomalies, positive family history, ectopic calcification and neurological anomalies. We report a brother and sister who were both diagnosed with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome.
Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Humans ; Odontogenic Cysts ; Penetrance ; Siblings

OBJECTIVES: Childhood allergic diseases are a major concern because they lead to a heavy economic burden and poor quality of life. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of childhood atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and the comorbidity of allergic diseases in Seoul, Korea. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May and October 2010 to evaluate the prevalence of childhood allergic diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and allergic rhinitis, using a questionnaire from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood group. Each questionnaire was completed by the parent or guardian of a child. RESULTS: In the 31,201 children studied, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis symptoms in the past 12 months was 19.3% in children 0 to 3 years of age, 19.7% in children 4 to 6 years of age, 16.7% in children 7 to 9 years of age, and 14.5% in children 10 to 13 years of age (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of asthma in these age groups was 16.5%, 9.8%, 6.5%, and 5.4%, respectively (p for trend < 0.001). The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in these age groups was 28.5%, 38.0%, 38.5%, and 35.9%, respectively (p for trend = 0.043). The percentage of subjects with both atopic dermatitis and asthma, both asthma and allergic rhinitis, or both atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis was 2.5%, 4.7%, and 8.7%, respectively. The prevalence of comorbid allergic diseases decreased with age (p for trend < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that the prevalence of some allergic diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and asthma, was relatively high in very young children and that all of the principal allergic diseases in children often co-exist.
Asthma ; Child ; Comorbidity ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Parents ; Prevalence ; Quality of Life ; Rhinitis ; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ; Surveys and Questionnaires

The Sundt encircling clip was developed to repair defects of the vessel wall. With the advent of microvascular techniques, most parts of the damaged vessel wall during aneurysm surgery can be repaired by primary closure or by the bypass technique. However, these methods are not always successful. Here, we illustrate two cases of surgical clipping with the Sundt encircling clip in the ruptured internal carotid artery trunk aneurysm. The Sundt clip provides prompt control of unexpected tearing of the vessel wall or aneurysm and plays an important role in vascular rescue during aneurysm surgery.
Aneurysm ; Carotid Artery, Internal ; Surgical Instruments

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the long term effect of the cholesterol lowering diet education provided by physicians with the education provided by dieticians on serum lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic patients. METHODS: Among 248 ambulatory patients who had mean baseline serum total cholesterol (TC) level > or = 200mg/dL and received cholesterol lowering diet education from physicians or dieticians, 41 patients who checked serum lipid profiles three times during the mean of 403 days after education were included as subjects. The differences in means of all serum lipid profiles associated with education methods after controlling for follow up duration, differences in means of all serum lipid profiles associated with follow up duration after controlling for education methods, any interaction between education methods and follow up duration on serum lipid profiles were analysed by using repeated measures of analysis of variance. The difference between the baseline lipid levels and the third lipid levels after education were analyzed by using Wilcoxon signed ranks tests in each group. Correlations between baseline serum lipid profiles and the last changes in serum lipid profiles were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in means of all serum lipid profiles associated with education methods or follow up duration except LDL cholesterol (LDL C). The first LDL C level after education was significantly lower in the group educated by physicians compared with the baseline LDL C, but there was no such change in the group educated by dieticians. There were no interactions between education methods and follow up duration on all serum lipid profiles. The last change of total cholesterol in both groups and LDL C only in the group educated by dieticians were significant. Correlation coefficients between baseline triglyceride (TG) and change in TG, baseline LDL C and change in LDL C, baseline total cholesterol (TC) and change in TC in patients with TC > or = 240mg/dL were 0.500 (P=0.002), 0.597 (P<0.001), and 0.578 (P=0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: The changes of serum lipid profile during more than 1 year after education were not significantly different according to diet education methods, but total cholesterol level was significantly decreased in both groups.
Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, LDL ; Diet* ; Education* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypercholesterolemia ; Nutritionists* ; Triglycerides

OBJECTIVES: Antimicrobial chemicals are used in a variety of household and personal care products. Exposure to antimicrobial household products has been hypothesized to lead to allergic diseases in children. METHODS: We investigated antimicrobial household product exposure and allergic symptoms in Korean children. An antimicrobial exposure (AE) score was derived. To examine the symptoms of allergic diseases (current wheeze, current rhinitis, and current eczema) in the past 12 months, we used a questionnaire based on the core module of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children. Complete data for the analysis were available for 25,805 of the 35,590 (72.5%) children. RESULTS: The prevalence of current allergic diseases was as follows: wheeze, 5.6%; allergic rhinitis, 32.6%; and eczema, 17.7%. The mean (standard deviation) AE score was 14.3 (9.3) (range: 0-40). Compared with subjects with a low AE score (reference), subjects with a high AE score (fourth quartile) were more likely to have symptoms of wheezing and allergic rhinitis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for wheezing 1.24, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.45, p for trend=0.24; aOR for allergic rhinitis 1.30, 95% CI, 1.20-1.40, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that frequent use of antimicrobial household products was associated with current wheeze and current allergic rhinitis.
Asthma ; Child ; Eczema ; Family Characteristics ; Household Products* ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Respiratory Sounds ; Rhinitis ; Triclosan ; Surveys and Questionnaires