For adult rats fed on the following six kinds of diets for about 80 days, intermediate metabolic substrates in serum, liver and skeletal muscle were determined. The components of feeding diet are as follows:
1. STANDARD DIEF : 18% protein, 100 oil & 65% dextrin.
2. HIGH PROTEIN-HIGH FAT DIET: 29% protein, 25% oil & 39% dextrin.
3. LOW PROTEIN-LOW FAT DIET: 9% protein, 2% oil & 82% dextrin.
4. STANDARD DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E.
5. HIGH PROTEIN-HIGH FAT DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E.
6. LOW PROTEIN-LOW FAT DIET modified with choline chloride & vitamin B, C & E. (reference : 1, 2, 3 ; due to National Institute of Nutrition)
As the results increase of body weight was the least 3rd diet group, and by addition of choline chloride (above 4th, 5th & 6th diet groups) it were generally inhibited. Especially the latter phenomenon was remarkably observed in 6th diet group. Although intermediate metabolic substrates in skeletal muscle were no difference from their control levels, triglyceride and cholesterol of liver reduced also in 4th, 5th & 6th diet group, and FFA level of it increased on contrary. The triglycerides of interscapular brown fat and white fat of epididymis reduced in 4th, 5th & 6th diet groups. Furthermore, increase of triglyceride, FFA and cholesterol in serum observed in above 4th, 5th & 6th diet group, which will suggest that they might be removed from brown or white fat and choline chloride might play an important role of lipid-releasing effect from those tissues.

Background: Because generic medicines reduce the financial burden on patients and medical insurance providers, they become more popular year after year.  However, there are still few reports that analyze the efficacy and safety of generic medicines, especially in terms of their characteristics and side effects.
Methods: Paclitaxel is an antineoplastic frequently used with good results in the treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, and angiosarcoma, but fat solubility is high and various kinds of adverse events, such as myelosuppression and arthralgia, peripheral neuropathy, and alcohol hypersensitivity are known to develop.  We investigated the efficacy, characteristics, and the incidence of adverse events for the generic product of paclitaxel.
Results: Differences were found for the generic version in terms of the characteristics and preparation time.
Conclusion: The incidence of adverse events was not significant, suggesting that the generic version could be a reasonable substitute.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to elucidate whether intrasynovial corticosteroid injections for trigger digit reduced the volume of the tendon and pulley on high-resolution ultrasonography. METHODS: Twenty-three digits of 20 patients with trigger digit were included. Each affected finger was graded clinically according to the following classification: grade I for pre-triggering, grade II for active triggering, grade III for passive triggering, and grade IV for presence of contracture. Axial ultrasound examinations were performed before an intrasynovial corticosteroid injection and at an average of 31 days after the injection. The transverse diameter, thickness, and cross-sectional area of the tendon and the thickness of the pulley were measured by two independent, blinded researchers. RESULTS: At least 1 grade of improvement was achieved in this study group by the time of the second examination. The transverse diameter and cross-sectional area of the tendon and the thickness of the pulley significantly decreased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The injection of a single dose of betamethasone improved clinical symptoms by reducing the volume of both the tendon and pulley, which may be related to the fact that tendon and pulley ruptures are delayed by corticosteroid injections.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones ; Betamethasone* ; Classification ; Contracture ; Fingers ; Humans ; Rupture ; Tendons* ; Trigger Finger Disorder* ; Ultrasonography*

A kainic acid microinjection into unilateral occipital cortex induced an experimental model of occipital lobe epilepsy in cats and rats. Elicited focal seizures in the occipital cortex promptly propagated to the bilateral cortices and also to the subcortical structures. Behavioral and EEG observations were well correlated to the human occipital lobe epilepsy. Metabolic study using 14C-deoxyglucose autoradiography in rats demonstrated a rapid propagation of the hypermetabolic area in the parietal, frontal, temporal and contralateral occipital cortices and also to the thalamus, basal ganglia, MRF and lateral geniculate body. The result shows that not only Meyer’s loop but also subcortical fasciculus between occipital lobe and other lobules may have an important role in the mechanism of seizure evolution and propagation of the occipital lobe epilepsy

Dynamic knee valgus is considered a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. This study identified how knee in distance (KID) and hip out distance (HOD) affect one’s lateral trunk lean (LTL). The results were also tested for reliability. Fifteen female basketball players (30 legs) from a university participated in this study. The participants performed single-leg squats by bending the knee of the supporting leg to 60°. The trials were recorded using a video camera. The KID, HOD, and LTL were measured with two-dimensional images using the Dartfish software, which measured the maximal knee valgus. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to measure the correlation between dynamic knee valgus (KID and HOD) and LTL. Additionally, the Interclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to measure the reliability of the KID, HOD, and LTL data sets. The statistical significance was established at a level of p<0.05. Results showed that the KID and LTL had a significantly negative correlation, measured at r=-0.227, p<0.05. The ICC (2.1) values were: 0.83 for HOD, 0.99 for KID, and 0.96 for LTL; while the ICC (1.2) values were: 0.86 for HOD, 0.83 for KID, and 0.85 for LTL. The two-dimensional analysis technique revealed that the values were highly reliable. In sum, dynamic knee valgus had a negative correlation with LTL during single-leg squats. Therefore, it was suggested that the factors of dynamic knee valgus might be evaluated using LTL on two-dimensional screening test.

We report two cases effectively treated with Kampo medicines for comorbid sleep disorder in developmental disorder. Case 1 was a 15-year-old woman diagnosed Asperger's syndrome, and her main complaints were difficulty in rising, difficulty in falling asleep and fatigability. We thought that the symptoms might be caused by in and ketsu deficiency, which lost control of kanki hyperactivity and evoked tension/excitement state easily. The difficulty in rising was improved with yokukansan and kambakutaisoto and she was able to go to school every day. Case 2 was a 17-year-old man diagnosed the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. His symptoms were difficulty in rising, feeling of weariness, fatigability, and frequent tension/excitement state. The previous use of shokenchuto had improved the symptoms slightly. After shigyakusan was added to cure kanki dysregulation, he succeeded in going to school every day. In the oriental medicine, ketsu has important roles in mental stability and sleep, whereas qi and ketsu tend to be insufficient in childhood. Our results suggest that replacement of in and ketsu would be useful in treating comorbidities in developmental disorder.

The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of replacing accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior (SB) with physical activity (PA) and depression in a sample of Japanese frail older adults using an Isotemporal Substitution (IS) model. Among 139 frail older adults, accelerometer was utilized to identify the daily average time spent in SB, light-intensity PA (LPA), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity PA (MVPA). Depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Version-Japanese (GDS-S-J). The relationship between SB, LPA, and MVPA with depression was examined with three models of multiple regression analysis: single factor model, partition model, and IS model. As results, LPA times was negatively associated with GDS-S-J scores in the single factor model (B = -0.09, p = 0.007) and the partition model (B = -0.13, p < 0.001). In the IS model, replacement of 10 minutes of SB with an equal amount of LPA time showed a significant negative association with GDS-S-J scores (B = -0.09, p=0.003). These results suggest that replacing a small amount of SB with LPA may be associated with an improvement in depression in frail older adults.

It is well known that eccentric exercise induces muscle damage that is characterized by a prolonged decrease in muscle strength and range of motion, development of delayed onset muscle soreness. The previous studies showed that hold-relax stretching (HRS) was effective for improving the decreases in range of motion and muscle soreness. In addition, modified proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching (mPNF) was an equally effective for HRS. However, it was unclear whether there are differences between acute effects of HRS and mPNF on muscle strength and muscle soreness in eccentrically damaged muscle. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the acute effects of HRS with those of mPNF on muscle strength and soreness in eccentrically damaged muscle. The participants comprised 40 volunteers randomly assigned to either the HRS group (N = 20) or the mPNF group (N = 20). Initially, the participants of both groups performed 60 maximal eccentric contractions of the knee extensors. Two days after this exercise, each group performed either HRS or mPNF for 60 s at a time and repeated them six times for a total of 360 s. Muscle strength and soreness during stretching and contraction were measured before and immediately after HRS and mPNF. The results showed that the muscle soreness observed after eccentric contraction significantly decreased immediately after both HRS and mPNF. In addition, there were no significant changes in muscle strength immediately after both HRS and mPNF. These results suggest that while both HRS and mPNF can effectively decrease muscle soreness without reducing performance.