No abstract available.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Lymphoma*

Premacular hemorrhage (preretinal,subhyaloid, or sub-internal limiting membrane hemorrhage)impairs central vision abruptly and occurs in various underlying diseases. In cases of persistent hemorrhage, permanent impairment of vision may occur. Proposed therapeutic options for premacular hemorrhage consist of conservative treatment, laser photodisruption and early vitrectomy. Laser photodisruption may be performed in cases of persistent or slow-clearing hemorrhage, in patients with occupational need for prompt restoration of binocular vision or in patients with poor vision in their fellow eyes. The authors report 4 patients with premacular hemorrhage who were treated with Nd: YAG laser photodisruption with the review of the literatures.
Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Lasers, Solid-State* ; Membranes ; Vision, Binocular ; Vitrectomy

No abstract available.
3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid* ; Animals ; Brain* ; Diazepam* ; Rats*

We assessed the degree of mydriasis induced by 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine compared with that induced by 1% tropicamide and 10% phenylephrine in 100 patients with diabetes. Additionally we studied the difference of pupillary dilatation according to duration of dibetes, severity of retinopathy, and performance of photocoagulation. Maximum dilated pupillary diameter was 7.25+/-1.27mm in 2.5% phenylephrine group and 7.32+/-1.36mm in 10% phenylephrine group, respectively the difference in pupillary dilatation between two groups was not statistically significant. We advise the use of the 2.5% phenylephrine in patients with diabetes, who already exhibit a higher prevalence of vascular disease and autonomic nerve system dysfunction because 2.5% phenylephrine may produce a lower incidence of side effects than 10% concentration and have the same effect of pupil dilatation as 10% phenylephrine.
Autonomic Pathways ; Dilatation* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Light Coagulation ; Mydriasis ; Phenylephrine* ; Prevalence ; Pupil ; Tropicamide ; Vascular Diseases

PURPOSE: Nodal involvement has long been known to represent the single most reliable indicator of the prognosis for early-stage breast cancer. In common parlance, high-risk node-positive breast cancer has generally been used to describe patients who have involvement of ten or more axillary lymph nodes (10+LN). Breast cancer patients who had 10+LN clearly have a strikingly high risk of tumor recurrence and death. Thus we tried to evaluate the clinical courses of breast cancer patients who had more than 10 positive axillary lymph nodes. METHODS: Of the 587 breast cancer patients who were operated on at Chungnam National University Hospital from February 1992 to November 1999, 31 cases (5.3%) showed involvement of more than 10 axillary lymph nodes. We evaluated the clinical courses of these patients and the differences in survival according to the clinical and pathologic vaiables. Survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 50+/-4 years. A mastectomy was done in 28 cases (90.3%), and a breast conserving operation was done in 3 cases (9.7%). The mean tumor size was 4.8+/-.5 cm. The mean number of removed axillary Lymph Nodes was 23.5+/-0.2 (range:10-52), and the mean number of positive axillary LNs was 20.0+/-10.1 (10-51). At a median follow-up of 30.5 months, 23 cases (74.2%) of recurrence were noted. Among these 23 cases (69.6%) showed distant metastases as the first recurrence. The 3-year and 5-year disease-free survivals were 28.6% and 22.9%, respectively. The 3-year and 5-year expected overall survivals were 53.7% and 41.8%, respectively. There were significantly more recurrences in patients who had given up taking their adjuvant chemotherapy than for those patients who had completed 6 cycles of FEC or MMM. Also, significant survival benefits were noted in those patients who were treated using a combination chemotherapy with taxane plus cisplatin after their tumor recurrence. CONCLUSION: Breast cancer patients with 10+LNs have a strikingly high risk of tumor recurrence. Six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy with FEC or MMM was a controllable variable for lowering the risk of tumor recurrence. A combination chemotherapy with taxane and cisplatin was also a controllable variable for increasing survival after tumor recurrence.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Cisplatin ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes* ; Mastectomy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Gastroenteritis* ; Humans* ; Rotavirus*

No abstract available.
Antibodies, Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic* ; Wegener Granulomatosis*

Most plasmacytomas originate from the bone marrow and only 3% of these tumors are from the soft tissues outside the bone marrow. Mean survival rate and clinical manifestations including metastasis and response to therapy are quite different from each other. Although both groups share plasma cell as their stem cell, these two groups are presumed to be different disease entities. The authors report a rare case of extramedullary plasmacytoma of lacrimal gland origin in a 42-year-old man who presented with painless proptosis.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Exophthalmos ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus* ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Plasma Cells ; Plasmacytoma* ; Stem Cells ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: In T1 tumors, the reported incidence of lymph node metastasis ranges from 6% to 31%. The authors analyzed the clinical and the pathological parameters of T1 tumors for their association with the likelihood of axillary lymph node metastases (ALNM). METHODS: The authors reviewed data from 57 patients with T1 breast carcinomas who had undergone a level I/II axillary dissection from January 1996 to March 2000. The association between the incidence of ALNM and clinical/pathologic factors (age, site, size, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, histologic grade, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, p53, and c-erbB-2) were analyzed by using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Approximately 42% of the 57 patients with a T1 breast carcinoma had ALNM. Chi-square tests showed that lymph node metastases were associated with tumor size (P=0.043), lymphovascular invasion (P=0.001), and expression of c-erbB-2 (P=0.026). CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the charac teristics of the primary tumor can be used to estimate the risk of ALNM in patients with a T1 breast carcinoma. Such a risk assessment might facillitate appropriate management.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Drug Therapy ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes* ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Risk Assessment

Systemic candidiasis is a life-threatening disease in premature infants and may result in several complications. Early recognition is essential, but it is delayed and treatment is difficult. Candida endophthalmitis develop with systemic infection and intraocular involvement is detected by fundus examination with an indirect ophthalmoscope. Improvement of intraocular lesion and therapeutic effect of systemic candidiasis are detected with careful retinal examination. Twenty five premature infants received indirect ophthalmoscopic examination and we investigated the prevalence of intraocular involvements and related factors for eye involvement. The ocular findings were classified chorioretinitis, endophthalmitis and nonspecific lesion, except premature vitreous haziness. Chorioretinitis in 4 infants and nonspecific lesion in 3 infants were detected but endophthalmitis was not found. There was slight difference in each group for gestational age, birth weight and ventilator etc, but no signifficant statistical difference was noted. Systemic candidiasis was treated with systemic antifungal agent, and the chorioretinitis is resolved with systemic antifungal agents. We propose that retinal examination be performed on all infants suspected of having systemic candidiasis for the diagnosis and early treatment. Funduscopy may be a helpful as an early diagnostic tool, and to monitor appropriate therapy of systemic candidiasis.
Antifungal Agents ; Birth Weight ; Candida* ; Candidiasis* ; Chorioretinitis ; Diagnosis ; Endophthalmitis ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Ophthalmoscopes ; Prevalence ; Retinaldehyde ; Sepsis* ; Ventilators, Mechanical