In recent years, digital technology has been developed in dentistry, which denture frameworks can be manufactured using DMLS (Direct Metal Laser Sintering) technique. A traditional impression method can be replaced by oral scanning and wax pattern production process can be achieved by the use of CAD/CAM techniques. The designed STL files can be sent to DMLS devices to fabricate final components of removable partial dentures (RPD). The advantages of digital dentistry are concision and precision. In this case study, a fracture of occlusal rests providing support and indirect retention was repaired by DMLS and laser welding techniques. It shows satisfactory results in adaptation accuracy and functional properties of the repaired denture.

Anatomical changes in the facial and alveolar bones occur after multiple teeth are extracted. In the maxilla, the alveolar bone is absorbed in the direction and inclination of the root, and the remaining alveolar bone becomes shorter, reducing the diameter of the arch. In addition, as the nasolabial angle increases, the support of the lips and the aesthetics of the face are lost. This case reports a functional and aesthetically satisfactory results of full mouth rehabilitation with the implant-supported fixed prosthesis using a zirconia framework.

OBJECTIVE: Angiogenesis is central role to both the proliferation and metastasis of malignant tumor. The intense interest in angiogenesis has also lead to a re-examination of the activity of established cytotoxic agents which are known to be an antiangiogenic effect anecdotally. In this study, anti-angiogenic effect of cisplatin, paclitaxel and thalidomide was evaluated in human ovarian cancer cell lines and cervical cancer cell line. METHODS: Human ovarian cancer cell line A2780, cisplatin resistant human ovarian cancer cell line A2780-CDDP, human breast cancer cell line MCF-7, and squamous cell uterine cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa were used to evaluate the level of mRNA and protein expression of VEGF, bFGF and TSP-1, 2 before and after the treatment with cisplatin, paclitaxel, and thalidomide using RT-PCR, protein extraction, and Western blot. The results were analyzed with Wilcoxon signed rank test in the SAS ver 8.1. RESULTS: Targeted mRNAs were synthesized as 212 bp VEGF, 238 bp bFGF, and 492 bp band sized except mRNA of TSP-2 via RT-PCR. The protein of VEGF and bFGF were appeared as 21KDa and 17 KDa size, however, the protein of TSP-1 was not appeared through western blot. No effect of cisplatin on protein expression was measured in these cell lines, but paclitaxel influenced the expression of bFGF in MCF-7 cell line and the expression of TSP-1 in MCF-7 and SiHa cell lines. TSP-1 expression was influenced by thalidomide in A2780 cell line. The protein expression of VEGF and bFGF were not influenced following treatment with cisplatin, paclitaxel, and thalidomide. CONCLUSION: These results were suggested that bFGF and TSP-1 will be used as a target gene for the assay of antiangiogenic effect of paclitaxel in breast and uterine cervical cancer tissue and TSP-1 will be used as that of thalidomide in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, thalidomide will be tried as an adjunctive agent for the improvement of the survival in the case of the patient with ovarian cancer.
Blotting, Western ; Breast ; Breast Neoplasms ; Cell Line* ; Cisplatin ; Cytotoxins* ; Humans ; MCF-7 Cells ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paclitaxel ; RNA, Messenger* ; Thalidomide ; Thrombospondin 1 ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

BACKGROUND/AIMS: The natural history of severe erosive reflux disease in Korea remains uncertain. We aimed to evaluate endoscopic follow-up results in subjects with severe reflux esophagitis under routine clinical care. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total 61,891 subjects underwent an upper endoscopic examination in the health check-up program from January 2007 to December 2013. We reviewed medical charts of patients who had been diagnosed with severe reflux esophagitis. The severity of reflux esophagitis was determined by the Los Angeles (LA) classification system. Patients underwent at least one follow up endoscopy after diagnosis of severe reflux esophagitis. We classified the patients into two groups; regressed in severity and remained unchanged, according to follow up endoscopic status. RESULTS: Based on endoscopic findings, 5,938 subjects (9.6%) were found to have reflux esopohagitis: 121 subjects (0.2%) in LA-C; 39 subjects (0.06%) in LA-D. Among 31 patients who had endoscopic follow-up, 23 patients (74.2%) showed regression from LA C/D to LA A/B or minimal change disease or normal. The mean follow up duration was 42.2 months in regression group and 53.2 months in no change group. All patients had been treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) on a regular or on-demand basis. Age, sex, smoking, alcohol, exercise, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, sliding hiatal hernia, body mass index, waist circumference and duration of PPIs therapy did not significantly influence regression of severe reflux esophagitis. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of severe reflux esophagitis patients under routine clinical care showed improvement on endoscopic follow-up.
Body Mass Index ; Classification ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diagnosis ; Dyslipidemias ; Endoscopy* ; Esophagitis ; Esophagitis, Peptic* ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Gastroesophageal Reflux ; Hernia, Hiatal ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea* ; Natural History ; Nephrosis, Lipoid ; Proton Pump Inhibitors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the hypothesis that with neoadjuvant chemotherapy of vinblastine, bleomycin, and cisplatin followed by radical hysterectomy or radiation therapy and concurrent chemoradiation with cisplatin based regimen would improve survival in patients with barrel-shaped or bulky-endophytic (Diameter > 4cm) cervical carcinomas than those of radiation alone or combined radiation and surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Eighty-eight patients with barrel-shaped or bulky-endophytic cervical carcinomas, treated at the Hanyang University Hospital from 1983 to 1997, were the subjects of this investigation. Fifty-six of these patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy ( Stage I b2, 8; IIa, 15; IIb, 20; III- IV, 13), twelve patients were treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy ( Stage Ilb, 4; IIJ-IV, 8), and twenty patients were treated by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy ( Stage IIb, 2; III-IV, 18). RESULTS: The incidence of parametrial extension and pelvic lymphnode metastases was higher in patients with barrel-shaped or bulky-endophytic cervical carcinomas than non-barrel-shaped cervix (p .025: .001). 5-years disease free survival rate was determined for patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy was 73.3 %. For patients treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiation therapy it was 45.7%. For patients treated by concurrent chemo-radiotherapy it was 46.1%. CONCLUSION: These data support an improvement in survival of patients with barrel-shaped or bulky-endophytic cervical carcinomas treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical hysterectomy or radiation therapy and concurrent chemo-radiotherapy.
Bleomycin ; Cervix Uteri* ; Cisplatin ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Incidence ; Lymph Node Excision ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Retrospective Studies ; Vinblastine

Purpose: Hereditary cancer syndrome means that inherited genetic mutations can increase a person's risk of developing cancer. We assessed the frequency of germline mutations using an nextgeneration sequencing (NGS)–based multiple-gene panel containing 64 cancer-predisposing genes in Korean breast cancer patients with clinical features of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC). Materials and Methods: A total of 64 genes associated with hereditary cancer syndrome were selected for development of an NGS-based multi-gene panel. Targeted sequencing using the multi-gene panel was performed to identify germline mutations in 496 breast cancer patients with clinical features of HBOC who underwent breast cancer surgery between January 2002 and December 2017. Results: Of 496 patients, 95 patients (19.2%) were found to have 48 deleterious germline mutations in 16 cancer susceptibility genes. The deleterious mutations were found in 39 of 250 patients (15.6%) who had breast cancer and another primary cancer, 38 of 169 patients (22.5%) who had a family history of breast cancer (≥ 2 relatives), 16 of 57 patients (28.1%) who had bilateral breast cancer, and 29 of 84 patients (34.5%) who were diagnosed with breast cancer at younger than 40 years of age. Of the 95 patients with deleterious mutations, 60 patients (63.2%) had BRCA1/2 mutations and 38 patients (40.0%) had non-BRCA1/2 mutations. We detected two novel deleterious mutations in BRCA2 and MLH1. Conclusion NGS-based multiple-gene panel testing improved the detection rates of deleterious mutations and provided a cost-effective cancer risk assessment.

Objective To investigate the gene related to β-lactam resistance and to confirm the mechanism about a synergy effect between CPZ and β-lactam antibiotics. Methods To measure antibacterial activity, we performed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and synergy test. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used in morphological analysis. To analyze gene expression, we conducted reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We confirmed a synergy effect between CPZ and β-lactam antibiotics. Furthermore, we observed that CPZ affect the cell envelope of MRSA by using TEM. At the gene level, CPZ reduced the expression of resistance genes. Conclusions Through this result, we hypothesize that a decrease of resistance factor expressions was caused by CPZ because it disrupts the activity of a sensor protein located in the cell membrane.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of antibacterial activity of luteolin (LUT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Methods: The mechanism of anti-MRSA activity of LUT was analyzed by the viability assay in membrane permeabilizing agent, ATPase inhibitors, and peptidoglycan (PGN) derived from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Also, transmission electron microscopy was used to monitor survival characteristics and changes in S. aureus morphology. Results: Compared to the LUT alone, the optical density of suspensions treated with the combination of 125 μg/mL Tris and 250 μg/mL N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were reduced to 60% and 46% of the control, respectively. PGN (15.6 μg/mL) gradually impeded the activity of LUT, and PGN (62.5 μg/mL) completely blocked the activity of LUT on S. aureus. Conclusions: Increased susceptibility to LUT with the Tris-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide combinations is evident in all tested MRSA isolates. The results indicate LUT synergy in increasing cytoplasmic membrane permeability and inhibiting ATPase. S. aureus PGN directly blocks the antibacterial activity of LUT, suggesting the direct binding of LUT with PGN. These findings may be validated for the development of antibacterial agent for low MRSA resistance.