Approximately 14.1 million patients have dyslipidemia in Japan. Promotion of self-medication for the prevention of dyslipidemia is needed. After a change in law in 2014, residents of Japan are allowed to measure HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels by self-blood sampling from the fingers under the guidance of pharmacists. In this study, we held an event to measure the lipid levels within a community and evaluated the usefulness of a simple measurement for the early detection of dyslipidemia. Furthermore, we surveyed community members’ knowledge of dyslipidemia by self-questionnaires. Of the 48 local residents who came to the event, 45 had their lipids measured and answered the questionnaires. In 12 applicants, HDL-cholesterol or non-HDL-cholesterol, which are not affected by meals, exceeded the standard range. In the questionnaire study, 89% of applicants selected arteriosclerosis as the main consequence of dyslipidemia. Additionally, over 82% of applicants selected blue-backed fish, dietary fiber, and soybeans as food items that inhibit the rise in lipid levels. However, only 31% of applicants recognized that fruits also affect lipid levels. Although it was disappointing that 60% of applicants did not know that they could measure HbA1c and lipids at community pharmacies, 62% desired measurement of those levels in the future. This study suggested that the simple lipid measurement is useful for the early detection of dyslipidemia but local residents need to be informed about it. Furthermore, improvement in the recognition of dyslipidemia by local residents is needed.

Recent epidemiological studies have revealed that osteoporosis is closely associated with common chronic diseases including diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disorders, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD is a chronic inflammatory airway disease but now well known to be associated with various systemic comorbidities including osteoporosis. Osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures are extremely common in COPD patients, which have significant impacts on their quality of life (QOL), activities of daily life (ADL), respiratory function, and possibly their prognosis. COPD-associated osteoporosis is however extremely under-recognized, hence undertreated. Recent studies have suggested that both decreased bone mineral density (BMD) and impaired bone quality compromise bone strength causing fractures in COPD. In COPD patients, various general clinical risk factors for osteoporosis are present including smoking, older age, low body weight, and physical inactivity. In addition, disease-related risk factors such as decreased pulmonary function, inflammation, glucocorticoid use and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency have been linked to the development of osteoporosis in COPD. Increased awareness of osteoporosis in COPD, especially that of high prevalence of vertebral fractures is called upon among general physicians as well as pulmonologists. Routine screening for osteoporosis and risk assessment of fractures will enable physicians to diagnose COPD patients with comorbid osteoporosis at an early stage. Timely prevention of developing osteoporosis together with appropriate treatment of established osteoporosis may improve QOL and ADL of the COPD patients, preserve their lung function and eventually result in better prognosis in these patients.
Activities of Daily Living ; Body Weight ; Bone Density ; Chronic Disease ; Comorbidity ; Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Inflammation ; Kidney ; Lung ; Mass Screening ; Osteoporosis* ; Osteoporotic Fractures ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive* ; Quality of Life ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Vitamin D