Objective:To evaluate outcomes and differences of the equality indexes of health and health service utilization in different living standard indicators. Methods: Using multi-phase stratified random sampling to select samples of rural families in Ningxia region and collect data about sample families' income, consumption, wealth and some relevant data on family members' health status and health services utilization. Using concentration index to measure the equality of health and health services utilization with income, consumption or wealth index as living standard indicators respectively and discuss the differences of the outcomes. Results:For different living standard in-dicators, the correlation between each other was weak. The differences of concentration indexes with different living standard indicators between 0. 01 to 0. 21 , and most of whichweresignificant on the level of 0. 05. Conclusion: The impact of choice of living standard indicators on the equality index of health and health service utilization was signifi-cant. In a limited area, living standards measured by wealth index could be more accurate and objective than by in-come or consumption, but the condition of this method wasmore strict.

Objective: To study the agreement of wealth index constructed using different methods, and the comparison of living standard measurements by the wealth index and traditional indicators. Methods:The data used in the study come from Rural Household Survey in Ningxia region, and the sample of this household survey included 6612 households, 28886 people. Using different weighting methods, such as principal component analysis and equal weighting, and data coded in different ways to construct 4 wealth indexes, and analyzing the agreement of these 4 wealth indexes. Respectively comparing the wealth indexes with the living standard measurements by total, per cap-ital and per adult household consumption. Results:The wealth indexes showed strong agreement with each other, and similarly weak agreement with consumption indicators. Conclusion: the indicators of living standard measurements each had advantages and disadvantages, and there was weak agreement between these indicators. Thus, when living standard was the main study result or the social determinant of study results, the appropriate indicator in the study should be selected according to the study results by different indicators and professional knowledge and experiences.

Objective To investigate the resistance level of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Jinshan District, Shanghai, to provide a reference for standardizing the use of insecticides. Methods The larval dipping test was used to detect the resistance of Ae. Albopictus larvae to five kinds of insecticides, the SPSS 18.0 software was utilized to calculate the toxic regression equation and the median lethal concentration (LC50) of insecticides on the larvae. The resistance level was determined by evaluating the 24-hour mortality of adult Ae. Albopictus exposed to diagnostic doses of commonly used insecticides with the adult mosquito contact tube method. Results In 2018 and 2019, Ae. Albopictus larvae in the Jinshan District of Shanghai displayed moderate and high resistance to beta-cypermethrin, with resistance ratios of 25.03 and 65.96 folds respectively; high resistance to deltamethrin, with resistance ratios of 57.25 and 211.75 folds respectively; high resistance to permethrin, with resistance ratios of 46.17 and 243.36 folds. In 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2023, they showed moderate to high resistance to temephos with resistance ratios of 19.55, 23.94, 53.48, and 22.12 folds respectively. In 2021 and 2023, moderate resistance to fenitrothion was observed, with resistance ratios of 30.04 and 12.54 folds respectively. Adult Ae. Albopictus adults exhibited resistance to 0.03% deltamethrin, 0.07% lambda-cyhalothrin, 0.4% permethrin, and 0.08% beta-cypermethrin, with mortality rates ranging from 17.20% to 49.67% in 2021 and 2023. Potential resistance was observed to 0.7% lambda-cyhalothrin and 0.2% fenitrothion, with mortalities of 97.48% and 83.74% respectively. Sensitivity was noted to 0.05% propoxur with a mortality rate of 100.00%. Conclusions Ae. Albopictus in the Jinshan District, Shanghai, has developed varying resistance levels to different types of insecticides, including pyrethroids and organophosphates. It is recommended to strengthen the dynamic monitoring of the resistance of Ae. Albopictus and implement comprehensive prevention and control measures with a focus on environmental management, scientifically and rationally selecting hygienic insecticides to delay and mitigate the emergence of resistance.

Objective To explore the relationship among depression,anxiety and social support in elderly patients in community outpatient clinic. Methods A total of 551 elderly outpatients from two com-munity health service centers of Hongkou District in Shanghai were evaluated with patient health question-naire-9 (PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7),perceived social support scale( PSSS) for de-pression,anxiety,physical health and social support. Results The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety were 26. 1% and 17. 2%,respectively. The scores of PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were 2. 0(4. 0) and 1. 0(2. 0). There were statistically significant differences in the scores of family support,friend support,other support and social support among the elderly patients with different degrees of depression or anxiety (P<0. 01). Fam-ily support(B=-0. 196) and friend support(B=-0. 171) were protective factors of depression in elderly pa-tients in community outpatient clinic. Age,family support and friend support were protective factors of anxiety in elderly patients,while gender and fluctuation of physical diseases were protective factors of anxiety(P<0. 05). Con-clusions The depression and anxiety is intimately related to social support in elderly outpatients. Appropriate measures should be taken to optimize social support,mitigate bad mood negative improve their quality of life.