Background Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is a common infectious ocular surface disease,with a higher recurrent rate,especially in necrotizing HSK.The diagnosis of HSK primarily depends on signs and symptoms,and specific laboratory diagnostic is lack.Objective This study was to clarify the expression of herpes simplex virus (HSV) in the corneal epithelium scrapings and tears of necrotizing HSK patients.Methods Thirty eyes of 30 patients with necrotizing HSK were enrolled in Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical Hospital from September 2012 to September 2013 under the patient's informed consent.The eyes were examined by slit lamp microscope and scored.HSK patients received local and systemic therapy for 8 weeks and then an oral maintenance dose for 6 months.Corneal epithelial scrapings and tears samples were collected for HSV DNA detection by real-time PCR before and the 1 st,2nd,4th,6th and 8th week after therapy respectively.The difference of HSV positive rate was compared between corneal epithelium scrapings and tears samples using Chi-square test.Multilevel mixed effective model was employed to evaluate HSV concentration change in the samples at various time points in the HSV-positive patients of initial visit.The correlation between HSV concentration and clinical score was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation.Results HSV-positive rate was 46.4％ (13/30) in the corneal epithelial scrapings and 13.3％(4/30) in the tear samples,showing a significant difference between them (P =0.006).HSV-positive rate was significantly lower in the corneal epithelial scrapings 1 week,2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment than before (P =0.001,0.003,0.004),and no HSV was detected 6 weeks and 8 weeks after treatment.No significant change in HSV-positive rate in tear samples in 1 week and 2 weeks after treatment in comparison with before treatment (P =1.000,0.583),and no HSV was detected after 4 weeks following treatment.The HSV concentration was 2460 (2 165-636500)/ml in initial 13 HSV-positive eyes of corneal epithelial scrapings and 0 (0-1150)/ml in initial 13 HSV-positive eyes of tear samples.Multilevel mixed effective model determined that HSV concentration was significantly lower in corneal epithelial scraping than that in tear (P =0.005),and HSV concentration was reduced with the lapse of time (P =0.001),with the faster rate of decline in the corneal epithelial scrapings (P =0.049).A positive correlation was found between initial HSV concentration and clinical scores (rs =0.844,P =0.000).Conclusiors Real-time PCR appears to be a powerful molecular tool for the detection of HSV in the HSK,especially in corneal epithelial scrapings of lesion.The initial positive outcome of viral DNA in corneal epithelial scrapings predicts a severe clinical procedure.

This paper reviewed the importance,research directions as well as risk factors of mental health among medical students of different minority at home and abroad,analyzed the current state of the research for minority medical students' mental health.Based on the current research status of the promotion strategy on the mental health of minority medical students,we proposed the education mode which combined the courses of scholastic collective mental health education that have characteristics of the self-education of minority students with the educational activities about group mental health.It has the the function of improving the mental health standard of minority students.Improvement of minority medics' mental health standard plays a positive role in their psychological social behavior,such as lifetime development,social control and career planning.

Objective This study aimed to explore the spatial heterogeneity and risk factors for dental caries in 12-year-old children in Shanxi province,China. Methods The data encompassed 3,721 participants from the two most recent oral health surveys conducted across 16 districts in Shanxi Province in 2015 and 2018.Eighteen specific variables were analyzed to examine the interplay between socioeconomic factors,medical resources and environmental conditions.The Geo-detector model was employed to assess the impacts and interactions of these ecological factors. Results Socioeconomic factors(Q=0.30,P<0.05)exhibited a more substantial impact compared to environmental(Q=0.19,P<0.05)and medical resource factors(Q=0.25,P<0.05).Notably,the urban population percentage(UPP)demonstrated the most significant explanatory power for the spatial heterogeneity in caries prevalence,as denoted by its highest q-value(q=0.51,P<0.05).Additionally,the spatial distribution's heterogeneity of caries was significantly affected by SO2 concentration(q=0.39,P<0.05)and water fluoride levels(q=0.27,P<0.05)among environmental factors. Conclusion The prevalence of caries exhibited spatial heterogeneity,escalating from North to South in Shanxi Province,China,influenced by socioeconomic factors,medical resources,and environmental conditions to varying extents.

The intracellular retention of nanotherapeutics is essential for their therapeutic activity. The immobilization of nanotherapeutics inside target cell types can regulate various cell behaviors. However, strategies for the intracellular immobilization of nanoparticles are limited. Herein, a cisplatin prodrug was synthesized and utilized as a glutathione (GSH)-activated linker to induce aggregation of the cisplatin prodrug/IR820/docetaxel nanoassembly. The nanoassembly has been reprogrammed with peptide-containing moieties for tumor-targeting and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The aggregation of the nanoassemblies is dependent on GSH concentration. Evaluations

Machine Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*