Objective To Investigate the effectiveness of transobturator inside-out tension-free urethral suspension for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence. Methods Eighteen cases were operated on with urethral suspension by using transobturator artificial meshes from August 2005 to February 2006. Dissection was performed alongside the urethra bilaterally by way of the anterior vaginal wall. A transobturator mesh was passed through the vulva and was positioned without tension underneath the urethra. Results The operative time ranged 10~25 min (mean, 15?3 min), and the estimate blood loss was 10~20 ml (mean, 15?2 ml). An indwelling catheter had been used for 3 d because of urinary retention in 1 case. All of the patients were successfully cured and normal voiding without complications was achieved postoperatively during 6 months of follow-up. Conclusions Transobturator inside-out tension-free urethral suspension is simple and minimally invasive, with low complication rate and little risk of bladder injury. It is a safe and effective technique for the surgical treatment of female urinary stress incontinence.

Objective To investigate the value of hysteroscopy combined with B-ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatmeant of early cornual pregnancy (within 7 weeks of pregnancy). Methods A total of 28 cases of early cornual pregnancy diagnosed and treated by hysteroscopy combined with B-ultrasonography from January 1999 to December 2004 were analyzed retrospectively. Results The operation were carried out successfully on one session in 27 cases, while placental remnants were found after the second curettage in 1 case, in which after an injection of methotrexate was given under hysteroscope, the serum ?-HCG decreased to a normal level 2 week later. No intra- or post-operative complications were recorded. Follow-up observations for 4~36 months (mean, 20 months) in the 28 cases found 6 cases of pregnancy out of 11 patients with childbearing demand. Conclusions Hysteroscopy combined with B-ultrasonography in the diagnosis and treatment of early cornual pregnancy is a preferable method with advantages of highly efficacy, safety and mini-invasion.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the levels of intedeukin(IL)-6, IL-15 and endometriosis (EM). Method The levels of IL-6, IL-15 in the peritoneal fluid (PF) and serum of 74 patients with EM (EM group) and 46 patients without EM (control group) were measured by double-an-tibody ELISA. Results Higher levels of IL-6 in PF and serum were observed in EM group [(1017.81±361.98) ng/L,(455.47±161.52) ng/L]than those in control group [(284.63±70.50) ng/L,(149.37± 43.09) ng/L], and there was significant difference (P<0.01). The levels of IL-6 in PF and serum in EM group with stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ [(1253.44±189.63) ng/L, (556.50±93.34) ng/L]were significantly higher than those in patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ [(582.81±107.75) ng/L, (268.96±63.48) ng/L](P < 0.01). There was positive relationship between the levels of IL-6 in PF and serum (r=0.950, P=0.01). The levels of IL-15 in PF in EM group [(333.45±63.94) ng/L]were significantly higher than those in control group[(203.85± 70.52) ng/L](P<0.01). No significant difference was found in the levels of serum IL-15 between EM group and control group (P>0.05). No significant difference was observed either in the levels of IL-15 in PF and serum between patients with stsge Ⅲ-Ⅳ and stage of EM Ⅰ-Ⅱ (P>0.05). Conclusions The increase of IL-6, IL-15 in PF may contribute to the development of EM. Serum IL-6 levels are of clinical diagnostic value in patients with EM.

Objective To observe the human papillomavirus(HPV) prevalence and its distribution character among females in Changzhou and to provide epidemiological data for the prevention of cervical cancer and development of HPV vaccine .Methods The clinical material consisted of 32215 women ,who were from Changzhou Hospital T .C .M ,Changzhou Maternal and Child Health Care ,The Second People's Hospital of Changzhou and Changzhou Wujin Hospital from January 2014 to June 2016 .17 kinds of high-risk subtypes (HPV16 ,18 ,31 ,33 ,35 ,39 ,,45 ,51 ,52 ,53 ,56 ,58 ,59 ,66 ,68 ,73 ,82) and 6 kinds of low-risk subtypes (HPV6 ,11 ,42 ,43 ,81 ,83) were detected .All cases were divided into six groups according to the age (<20 ;>21 to 30;31 to 40 ;41 to 50 ;51 to 60 ;and>61) and the age distribution of women infected with HPV and genotypes of HPV were analyzed .Results Out of 32215 cervical cell specimens ,8396 cases were detected HPV infections with the position rate of 26 .06% .In seventeen types of high-risk HPV ,HPV 16 (4 .55% ) were the most common subtype ,followed by 52 (4 .43% ) ,58 (2 .75% ) ,53 (2 .42% ) ,51 (2 .16% ) ,68 (1 .85% ) ,56 (1 .73% ) ,33 (1 .40% ) ,18 (1 .38% ) ,66 (1 .33% ) ,59 (1 .26% ) ,39 (1 .08% ) ,31 (1 .02% ) ,35 (0 .89% ) ,45 (0 .42% ) ,73 (0 .26% ) ,and 82 (0 .15% ) .Six types of low-risk HPV were detected ,of which HPV 81 (2 .96% ) was the most common subtypes ,followed by 43 (1 .86% ) ,42 (1 .62% ) ,6 (1 .27% ) ,11 (0 .80% ) and 83 (0 .26% ) .Conclusion The predominant genotypes of HPV 16 and ,52 infection in female reproductive tract are the highest .

OBJECTIVE：To study the toxic effect of the extract from Tripterygium hypoglaucum on pregnant animal and embryo-fetal development . METHODS ：Successfully mated New Zealand female rabbits were randomly divided into solvent control group，positive control group （cyclophosphamide，20 mg/kg）and T. hypoglaucum extract high-dose ，medium-dose and low- dose groups（15.0，7.50，3.75 g/kg，by the amount of crude drug ）according to their body weight ，with 18 rabbits in each group at least. The female rabbits in solvent control group and T. hypoglaucum extract groups were given water or the corresponding T. hypoglaucum extract solution from 6th to 18th day of pregnancy ，5 mL/kg，once a day. Positive control group was given cyclophosphamide subcutaneously into the neck from 10th to 13th day of pregnancy ，1 mL/kg，once a day. According to the related requirements of Technical Guidelines for the Study of Drug Reproductive Toxicity ，the general situation ，body weight ，body weight increase and food intake of female rabbits were observed and recorded during the experiment ，and euthanasia was carried out on 28th day of pregnancy ；the relative indexes of main organs ，fetal uterus ，placenta uterus ，placenta，ovary，implantation gland ， absorption fetus ，stillbirth，live fetus and corpus luteum were observed and recorded after anatomy ；the relative indexes of body weight，appearance，visceral and skeletal alterations of the fetus were detected . RESULTS ：Compared with solvent control group ， the body weight ，body weight increase ，food intake ，main organs ，pregnancy of pregnant rabbits ，as well as reproductive function，embryo formation ，fetal growth and development ，appearance，visceral and skeletal development indexes in T. hypoglaucum extract groups had no significant abnormal changes （P＞0.05）；above indexes in the positive control group had significant changes （P＜0.05），and significant maternal toxicity and embryotoxicity were found. CONCLUSIONS ：T. hypoglaucum extract 15.00-3.75 g/kg（by the amount of crude drug ）have no significant maternal toxicity ，embryotoxicity or fetal development toxicity to New Zealand rabbits.

The intracellular retention of nanotherapeutics is essential for their therapeutic activity. The immobilization of nanotherapeutics inside target cell types can regulate various cell behaviors. However, strategies for the intracellular immobilization of nanoparticles are limited. Herein, a cisplatin prodrug was synthesized and utilized as a glutathione (GSH)-activated linker to induce aggregation of the cisplatin prodrug/IR820/docetaxel nanoassembly. The nanoassembly has been reprogrammed with peptide-containing moieties for tumor-targeting and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. The aggregation of the nanoassemblies is dependent on GSH concentration. Evaluations

Machine Learning ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/methods*