Objective To summarize the characteristics of multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) of portal vein diseases and investigate the CT diagnosis of its primary and secondary diseases.Methods The imaging data of 62 patients from Xi'an Xidian Group Hospital,28 patients from Nuclear Industry 215 Hospital of Shanxi Province and 16 patients from Xi'an Gaoxin Hospital with portal vein diseases from January 2012 to March 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The CT findings,primary and secondary diseases of portal vein lesions were recorded through plain scan and enhanced scan of MSCT.Results Changes in the width of portal vein:among 106 patients,dilation of main portal vein was detected in 45 cases,stenosis of stem or branches of portal vein in 39 cases,portal vein obstruction in 49 cases (21 patients accompanied with enlargement in stem of portal vein and 6 patients with normal width).The diameters of dilated portal vein were 1.4-2.2 cm with a mean diameter of 1.8 cm.The diameters of portal vein with stenosis and occlusion caused by carcinomas were 1.8-4.0 cm with a mean diameter of 2.3cm.Portal vein fistula and pneumatosis:hepatic artery-portal vein fistulas were detected in 12 patients,posterior right branches of portal vein-inferior vena cava fistulas in 2 patients,inferior vena cavaportal vein fistulas and portal-hepatic vein fistulas in 2 patients,pneumatosis in 2 patients.Lesions of portal vein occlusions:occlusions located at main portal veins were detected in 4 cases,left and right branches in 34 cases,both main portal veins and left or right branches in 11 cases.Malignant stenosis and occlusion were detected in 29 and 42 cases,benign stenosis and occlusion were detected in 10 and 7 cases,respectively.Protopathies of portal vein dilation:there were 43 patients with liver cirrhosis and 2 patients with inferior vena cava-portal vein-hepatic vein fistula of Budd-Chiari syndrome.Protopathies of benign stenosis and occlusion:portal vein thrombosis in liver cirrhosis,giant cavernous haemangioma,polycystic disease of liver,pylephlebitis caused by liver abscess,portal vein thrombosis caused by polycythemia vera.Protopathies of hepatic artery portal vein fistula and portal veininferior vena cava fistula:liver cancer and liver cirrhosis,protopathy of inferior vena cava-portal vein fistula and portal vein-hepatic vein fistula were Budd-Chiari syndrome.Protopathies of pneumatosis:intestinal infarction after superior mesenteric artery embolus and acute gastric dilatation.Portacaval collateral circulation occurred in 58 patients (partial patients complicated with multi-point varices and shunts),ascites in 44 patients,portal vein cavernous transformation in 12 patients,ischemia and edema of intestinal wall in 5 patients,intrahepatic cholangiectasis in 19 patients including 17 cases of biliary obstruction caused by malignant tumors and 2 cases of portal vein cavernous transformation complicated with intrahepatic cholangiectasis (portal hypertensive biliopathy).Conclusions The MSCT for portal vein diseases is presented as portal vein stenosis,occlusion or dilation,pneumatosis.Secondary lesions are portacaval collateral circulation,portal vein cavernous transformation,intestinal ischemia and portal hypertensive biliopathy,and primary lesions are mainly liver cirrhosis and malignant tumors.MSCT can show clearly the portal vein lesions and diagnose accurately its primary and secondary lesions.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a lifethreatening disease,with high mortality rate and is easily misdiagnosed.Rapid and acute detection of the AMI and its primary diseases by multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) is of great significance.The clinical data of 31 patients with AMI who were admitted to the Xidian Group Hospital from January 2005 to June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Stenosis or occlusion of the mesenteric blood vessels,diminished or absent enhancement of the bowel wall are the direct signs of CT,thickening of the bowel wall is the most typical indirect sign of CT.Dilatation or collapse of the bowel lumen and swelling of the mesenterium are the common CT signs.Pneumatosis intestinalis and gas in the portomesenteric vein are reliable CT signs of the Intestinal Infarction.Artery and venous embolism,atherosclerosis,vasculitis,aortitis,strangulated intestinal obstruction and superior mesenteric artery dissection are the possible causes of AMI.

Objective To observe the feasibility of T1 mapping technique for evaluating myocardial gadolinium deposition in patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(AHCM).Methods Data of 60 AHCM patients were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into enhanced group and control group according to underwent gadolinium-based contrast agent(GBCA)enhanced examination or not(each n=30).Myocardial T1 value at the basal,middle and apical myocardium of the left ventricle as well as spleen T1 at the same layers were measured.T1 relative-value(T1R)was calculated and then compared between groups and among different parts of left ventricle in enhanced group.T1R in enhanced group were further analyzed based on gender,age,body mass index,cardiac function,hypertension,hyperlipidemia,diabetes,apical thickness,ejection fraction,delayed enhancement and interval time from the first enhanced examination to the last review and total dose of GBCA.Results No significant difference of T1Rbasal,T1Rmiddle nor T1Rapical was found between groups(t=0.329,1.484,0.720,all P＞0.05),nor of T1R in different parts of left ventricle within enhanced group(F=0.765,P＞0.05).In enhanced group,significant differences of myocardial T1R was found between different genders as well as patients with or without hypertension(both P＜0.05).Conclusion T1 mapping technology could be used for evaluating myocardial gadolinium deposition in patients with AHCM.

Objective To investigate the application value of CT features of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC) whose diameter ≥ 7 cm in predicting its Fuhrman grade.Methods 53 patients with CCRCC confirmed by surgery and pathology were analyzed retrospectively,including 19 patients regarded as a low-grade (Grade Ⅰ and Grade Ⅱ) group,and other 34 ones as a high-grade (Grade Ⅲ and Grade Ⅳ) group.The CT features including necrosis,renal sinus involvement,shape,renal vein invasion,lymphnode metastasis,pseudo-capsule,blood vessels around the tumor and the boundary between the tumor and the perirenal fat were analyzed,and the differences in those CT features between two groups were analyzed with chi-square or Fisher exact test.Results The incidence of fuzzy boundary between the tumor and the perirenal fat in the high-grade group was higher than that in the low-grade group (x2 =6.129,P =0.013),however,the differences of the rest CT features between two groups were not statistically significant (P＞0.05).When the fuzzy boundary was used to predict the high-grade CCRCC,the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy was 61.8 ％,73.7 ％ and 66.0 ％,respectively.Conclusion When the diameter of the tumor ≥7 cm,only the fuzzy boundary between the tumor and the perirenal fat has certain value in predicting high-grade CCRCC.

Purpose To investigate the difference of resting-state functional connectivity density(FCD)between chronic primary insomnia patients and healthy controls via resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging(rs-fMRI).Materials and Methods All rs-fMRI data of 35 patients with chronic primary insomnia from Xidian Group Hospital and Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,and 35 healthy controls were prospectively collected from August 2020 to December 2021.The voxel-wise FCD approach was applied to explore the differences of whole-brain functional networks between chronic primary insomnia patients and healthy controls.The relationships between FCD value and Pittsburgh sleep quality index,self-rating scale of sleep,insomnia severity index,self-rating anxiety scale and self-rating depression scale in primary insomnia patients were investigated,respectively.Results Compared with healthy controls,the decreased FCD values were showed in the right insula,bilateral anterior cingulate gyrus,left orbitofrontal middle gyrus,left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus,right medial superior frontal gyrus and bilateral thalamus(t<-5.271,Padjust<0.05),while the increased FCD values showed in the right superior temporal gyrus,bilateral middle temporal gyrus,bilateral precuneus and left posterior cingulate gyrus(t>4.379,Padjust<0.05)in the chronic primary insomnia patients group.The FCD values of bilateral thalamus(r=-0.620,P<0.001;r=-0.562,P<0.005)and right insula(r=-0.651,P<0.001)were negatively correlated with insomnia severity index in the chronic primary insomnia patients group,respectively.Conclusion The extensive functional connectivity abnormalities are observed in primary insomnia patients via FCD analysis.These findings explain the neural mechanisms of underlying emotional regulation and cognitive impairment in chronic insomnia from the perspective of functional integration and functional separation.