Objective To observe the short-term and long-term effect of microvascular decompression in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN).Methods The chnical data of 180 patients with TN treated with microvascular decompression were retrospectively analyzed.The pain improvement of patients in 2 years was observed,combined with age and course of disease,as well as the type of pressure vessels,whether obvious impression and so on,to analysis the recurrence factors of TN.Results All patients were found with vascular compression,including 93 cases with apparent pressure pressing mark,85 cases with arterial compression,15 cases with venous compression,and 8 cases with arteriovenous compression,among of them 74 patients with artery compression had pressure pressing mark,and 11 patients with vascular compression had pressure pressing mark,all of 8 patients with arteriovenous compression had pressure pressing mark.One week postoperatively,the patients with vascular compression gained significant improvement,of which 79 cases achieved optimal,6 cases achieved good;9 patients with vascular compression achieved optimal,6 cases achieved good,and 5 patients with arteriovenous compression achieved optimal,3 cases achieved good.Follow-up for 1 year after surgery,artery compression recurred in 5 cases,of which 3 cases of part recurrence,2 cases of recurrence completely ;vascular compression recurred in 6 cases;arteriovenous compression recurred in 2 cases.Univariate analysis showed that the vascular compression type,bascular compression notch and duration were the risk factors of postoperative recurrence (P ＜ 0.01).Multiple analysis showed that the vascular compression type,bascular compression degree and duration were the independent risk factors of postoperative recurrence (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions TN patients treatd with microvascular decompression have effective improvement.History of diease,vascular compression type and compression degree are the important influence factors of postoperative recurrence.

Objective Derived air concentration of Type F uranium compounds are calculated respectively in order to provide reference for the management and evaluation of occupational hazard factors in workplace.Methods The air concentrations in the workplace of Type F uranium compounds were derived respectively through numerical simulationn,from individual dose limits,acute poisoning and chronic chemical damage threshold.Results Under normal operation conditions,the concentration of 5 μg /m3 for Type F uranium compounds in air of workplace can meet the requirements of radiation and chemical hazard control.Open inhalation of 1.1 mg/m3 is acceptable in a short time.Conclusions It is feasible to establish a permissible concentration limit in workplace for Type F uranium compounds.

Objective To explore the applicable conditions for using urine uranium monitoring data to assess personal internal doses with a view to providing references for the occupational health management and the urine uranium monitoring in nuclear industry sector.Methods The urine uranium levels were calculated, through simulation calculation set at 1 mSv effective dose arising from either acute or chronic ingestion of uranium compounds.The results were compared with the monitoring values of workers without occupational exposure history.The feasibility of urine uranium monitoring for dose assessment of internal radiation exposure was discussed.Results For special monitoring of acute ingestion, liquid fluorimetry can meet monitoring requirements of Type F uranium compound, Type M low enriched uranium and Type S naturally occurring uranium.For routine monitoring, only Type F low enriched uranium and Type M naturally occurring uranium can be detected at shorter monitoring intervals, But it was not suitable for Type S uranium compounds.Conclusions Background levels and detection limits should be considered when urine uranium is measured for the purpose of assessment or control of exposure to uranium and the interpretation of the results.

Objective To explore the applicable conditions for using urine plutonium monitoring data to assess personal internal doses,in order to provide references for the occupational health management and the urine plutonium monitoring in nuclear sector.Methods Using some plutonium mixtures from DOE nuclear facilities,as an example,the urine plutonium levels were estimated through simulation calculation at 1 mSv effective dose arising from either acute or chronic inhalation of plutonium compounds,respectively.The results were compared with the typical detection limit of radiochemical separation and α-spectrometry.The feasibility of urine plutonium monitoring for dose assessment of internal radiation exposure was discussed.Results Only for type M plutonium compunds,1 mSv detection limit can be achieved using radiochemical separation and α-spectrometry within 10 d after inhalation.Conclusions Before the monitoring plan of urine plutonium is made,detection limits of monitoring method should be considered.Internal dose could be accessed using workplace air monitoring and working hours when necessary.

OBJECTIVETo study the water-soluble non-alkaloid chemical constituents of Corydalis yanhusuo.

METHODThe 80% alcohol extracts of C. yanhusuo passed through DA201 macroporous resin. Eluted fractions were collected and passed though 732 # cation exchange resin. Water eluate was collected, dried and derived with trimethylsilane. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and NIST 2005 library were adopted for MS/MS mass spectrogram to infer the compound structure.

RESULTSixteen compounds were tentatively identified from about fifty peaks detected by GC-MS and identified as hydroxyl and carboxyl polar compounds.

CONCLUSIONThese sixteen compounds were found for the first time in C. yanhusuo. The results provide scientific basis for in-depth development of C. yanhusuo.

Background::Essential tremor (ET) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are common movement disorders. ET-PD syndrome is characterized by the occurrence of PD in patients with a previous history of ET, which may be an independent phenotype distinct from PD. This study aims to identify clinical characteristics and subtypes in ET-PD.Methods::A total of 93 newly diagnosed ET-PD patients and 93 newly diagnosed PD patients matched for age, sex, education, and disease duration of PD were selected using propensity score matching analysis. The K-means cluster analysis was performed for 11 variables derived from the ET-PD group, and cluster profiles were established through statistical analysis of demographic and clinical variables.Results::The ET-PD group consisted of a high number of patients with a family history of ET exhibiting evident tremor with milder hypokinesia and postural instability symptoms, as compared to the PD group. Through the cluster analysis, two clusters of ET-PD patients were identified. The ET-PD cluster 1 ( n = 34) had a shorter ET duration before PD onset, lower number of patients with a family history of ET, higher unified PD rating scale instability scores, higher non-motor symptoms scores (non-motor symptoms scale D1 scores, Hamilton depression scale scores, Hamilton anxiety scale scores, and PD sleep scale-2 scores), and higher Chinese version of the PD questionnaire-39 scores relative to the ET-PD cluster 2 ( n = 59). Conclusion::ET-PD patients had significantly different characteristics for motor symptoms as compared to PD patients, and may be distinctly divided into two clinical subtypes, namely, the ET-PD complex type and the ET-PD simple type.

Human-derived lysozyme is a general term for a group of naturally occurring alkaline proteins in the human body that are capable of lysing bacterial cell walls. Its action is characterized by its ability to cleave the β-(1,4)-glycosidic bond between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan. Human-derived lysozyme has a variety of properties such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immune enhancing, and is therefore widely used in the domestic and international pharmaceutical markets. This review summarizes the structural features, expression sites, biological functions of human-derived lysozymes and its market applications.
Humans ; Muramidase ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Objective:This study aims to reveal the special immune infiltrating environment and possible immune escape mechanism of giant cell tumor of bone through single-cell sequencing data.Methods:The fresh samples obtained from 4 patients with primary giant cell tumor of bone from January 2018 to December 2021 were collected, and single-cell transcriptome sequencing was performed on the 10X platform to explore the characteristics and immune environment of giant cell tumor of bone by using t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding ( t-SNE). The main cell types and signal pathways of immune cell regulation and function in giant cell tumor of bone were observed by cell communication analysis. Results:Cell clustering, the definition of basic cell types, the classification of immune cells, and the mutual regulatory relationship between cell types were analyzed for 35 643 single-cell data from 4 giant cell tumor samples of bone. It was found that giant cell tumor of bone was composed of 9 basic cell types, in which the immune cells were mainly CD8 + T cells (51%) and the non-immune cells were mainly fibroblast like spindle stromal cells (74%). The immune infiltration of giant cell tumor of bone is dominated by cytotoxic CD8 + T cells and lacks exhausted CD8 + T cells. CD4 + T cells are characterized by high expression of immune checkpoint genes CTLA4 and TIGIT. In giant cell tumor of bone, immune cells mainly act on multinucleated osteoclast like giant cells through PARs and CCL signaling pathways, but not stromal cells. Conclusion:This study defined the main cell types of giant cell tumor of bone through single cell sequencing data, and further revealed the composition characteristics of its immune infiltration, and found that the target of its immune cells was mainly multinuclear osteoclast like giant cells, which provided effective information for further understanding the occurrence and development of giant cell tumor of bone.