Objective Single voxel proton spectroscopy technique (1H-MRS)was performed in the healthy newborn brain tissue to investigate the metabolic ratio in the right basal ganglia and the right frontal lobe changes with gestational age, and to improve the understanding of the neonatal brain development. Methods In this study, 69 newborns were selected, including twenty-five premature and forty-four term neonates. By using the Gesell developmental scale to evaluate brain development , they all had normal neurologic outcomes at 12-months corrected age. A point-resolved spectroscopy sequence was used to study the metabolic data obtained from each region of interest. Results N-acetylaspartate: creatine and N-acetylaspartate:choline were positively correlated with gestational age (the right basal ganglia r = 0.27, 0.63, the right frontal lobe r = 0.44, 0.64 respectively, P < 0.05) and choline:creatine was negative (the right basal ganglia r = -0.51,the right frontal lobe r = -0.41, P < 0.05), with a linear regression relationship among variables. In the same gestational age group , the N-acetylaspartate: choline of the right basal ganglia was higher than that of the right frontal lobe , and the metabolic ratios among the anatomic locations were significantly different (P < 0.05). Conclusion Neonatal brain metabolite levels are associated with gestational age , and MRS can monitor newborn brain maturation quantitatively.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between receptor-interacting kinase protein 4 (RIPK4) relative copy number (RCN) and prognosis of stage III( colorectal cancer (CRC) patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

METHODSRIPK4 RCN was determined by real-time PCR and then dichotomized into high RIPK4 RCN group(n=35) and low RIPK4 RCN group (n=104) using the third quartile as the cut-off point. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared between high and low RIPK4 RCN groups. The subgroup prognostic analysis was also conducted based on tumor site.

RESULTSThe median follow-up period was 49 months (ranged 4 to 98 months). Patients with high RIPK4 RCN had poorer OS than those with low RIPK4 RCN, which reached marginal significance(median OS, 43.0 months vs. 53.5 months, P=0.074). Meanwhile there was no significant difference of RFS between two groups (P=0.352). In colon cancer subgroup, high RIPK4 RCN was significantly associated with poor OS (median OS, 31.5 months vs. 56.6 months, P=0.015) but not with RFS (P=0.135). In rectal cancer subgroup, RIPK4 RCN was not associated with both OS and RFS (P=0.981, P=0.738). Multivariate analysis revealed that high RIPK4 RCN was an independent prognostic factor of OS in stage III( CRC patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy (HR=2.903, 95% CI: 1.275 to 6.610).

CONCLUSIONRIPK4 RCN is significantly associated with OS in stage III( colon cancer patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and may be a novel biomarker that can predict the efficacy of oxaliplatin in colon cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the application status and development trend of massive open online course (MOOC) in the field of higher medical education in China, so as to provide the reference for future research in this field.Methods:The related literatures collected from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data service platform, VIP database and China Biology Medicine disc were searched from their inception to March 1st, 2020, and the statistical analysis was carried out on the annual volume, journal distribution, fund support, author distribution, cited frequency, literature type and high-frequency keywords by using the bibliometrics method. The extracted data was set up in Excel 2010, and descriptive statistics was made by frequency analysis.Results:The study collected 754 articles, which were included in 262 journals, mainly medical education journals. The funding rate reached 50%. Huang Ping, Zhang Xin, Li Xinhui and seven others were core authors. Basic medical curriculum application research represented by human anatomy was the most. MOOC application research focused on theoretical curriculum. The curriculum evaluation included such five aspects as terminal evaluation, formative evaluation, platform assessment, comprehensive ability and autonomous learning ability. The research focus was the mixed teaching mode based on MOOC and its application in nursing education, traditional Chinese medicine education and continuing medical education.Conclusion:In the past five years, MOOC has developed rapidly in China's higher medical education, and the core authors have formed, but there is a lack of in-depth cooperation. In the future, we should increase the applied research of experimental (training) courses, and further improve the design of experimental research and curriculum evaluation system.

Objective:To evaluate the quality of a systematic review/Meta-analysis of auricular acupressure on pain, and provide decision making basis for Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) nursing.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM databases were searched to collect systematic reviews or Meta-analysis on auricular acupressure intervention pain from inception to October, 2020. Two researchers independently screened literature, extracted the data, and used AMSTAR 2 and GRADE to evaluate methodological quality and evidence quality.Results:A total of 8 systematic reviews were included. The AMSTAT2 evaluation showed that all the studies were in low methodological quality; GRADE tool graded 26 outcome indicators, including 6 intermediate quality indicators, 16 low-level quality indicatorsand 4 extremely low-level quality indicators. The research results showed that auricular acupressure is safe and effective in chronic low back pain, primary dysmenorrhea and partial postoperative pain. Another study found that it has no significant effect, but it can reduce the rate of adverse reactions.Conclusions:These studies show that auricular acupressure is safe on pain and has certain advantages, but its methodological quality and evidence quality are not high, which requires further research to confirm.

Objective:To conduct a scoping review of health behavior-related assessment tools for pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:A total of 6 Chinese and English databases, including CNKI, Wanfang Database, China Biomedical Literature Database, PubMed, Web of Science Core set and Embase, were systematically searched by the terms of “gestational diabetes mellitus”，“health behavior”，“assessment”. The relevant contents of GDM health behavior-related assessment tools were retrieved for systematic analysis, and the results were normalized reported. The search period was from the establishment of the databases to February 1, 2023.Results:A total of 2 657 literatures were retrieved, and 41 literatures were finally included after screening, including 16 literatures on the development and verification of assessment tools, 2 literatures on localization of assessment tools, and 23 literatures on the application of the assessment tools. A comprehensive analysis was conducted on 18 assessment tools, including 16 original assessment tools and 2 localized assessment tools, spanning the years 1987 to 2020. The assessment content covered dietary behavior, physical activity behavior, medication adherence, blood glucose monitoring behavior, treatment adherence, self-management behavior, and health-promoting lifestyles. Among them, 7 assessment tools were validated for reliability and/or validity in pregnant women with GDM. Among the 23 studies that covered the implication of the assessment tools, the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire and Health-Promoting Lifestyle Ⅱ were the most commonly utilized tools for assessing health behaviors in pregnant women with GDM.Conclusions:There is a wide variety of assessment tools related to health behaviors in pregnant women with GDM, and the assessment content is relatively rich. However, most of the assessment tools have not been validated for their reliability and validity within the GDM population, limiting their clinical application and promotion.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the relationship between sedentary behavior (SB) and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods:PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the Rehabilitation & Sports Medicine Source, the Sedentary Behavior Research Database (SBRD), Wanfang Database, the China Journal full-text database, and the China Biomedical Literature Database were searched for cohort studies, case-control studies, and cross-sectional studies concerning the risk of SB and GDM from the establishment of the database to January 2021. Two researchers screened the literature, extracted data, evaluated the quality of the data according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and, finally, produced a descriptive analysis of the results.Results:A total of 11 studies were included, including eight cohort studies, two cross-sectional studies, and one case-control study. The overall quality of the studies was moderate. The prevalence of GDM was 5.04%-26.81%, and the prevalence of SB before and during pregnancy was 39.47%-40.21% and 28.86%-93.50%, respectively. In terms of the prevalence of SB before pregnancy, four moderate-quality studies reported no association with GDM risk. In terms of SB during pregnancy, four moderate-quality studies reported no association with GDM risks, and four studies (one of high quality and three of moderate quality) reported an association with GDM risks, two of which focused on the second trimester. There was considerable heterogeneity between studies on the diagnosis of GDM and SB.Conclusion:SB before pregnancy is not associated with the risk of GDM, while the relationship between SB and the risk of GDM is unclear, but the level of SB in the second trimester of pregnancy may be positively associated with the risk of GDM.

Objective:To detect the concentration of various cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with diabetes retinopathy (DR) with Luminex liquid chip, and analyze the relationship between the cytokines and the occurrence and development of DR.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.Sixty-three DR patients (97 eyes) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 were enrolled as DR group, including 38 nonproliferative DR (NPDR) eyes in NPDR group and 59 proliferative DR (PDR) eyes in PDR group, 39 eyes in photocoagulation group and 58 eyes in non-photocoagulation group.Twenty-seven patients (31 eyes) hospitalized for cataract surgery at the same time were collected as the control group.Aqueous humor was extracted during the operation, and Luminex liquid chip was used to detect the concentrations of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), placental growth factor (PLGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AA, PDGF-BB, angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in aqueous humor.The concentrations of various cytokines of different groups were compared, and the correlation among various aqueous humor cytokines was analyzed by Spearman rank correlation analysis.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (No.Y[2019]230). Written informed consent was obtained from each patient.Results:The concentrations of VEGF-A, PLGF, PDGF-AA, ANGPTL4, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 and ICAM-1 in DR group were significantly higher and the concentration of IL-1β was significantly lower than those of control group ( Z=-4.747, -5.164, -3.373, -8.062, -4.535, -5.954, -5.098, -3.228, -5.954, all at P<0.01). The concentrations of VEGF-A, PLGF, PDGF-AA, ANGPTL4, IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 of the photocoagulation and non-photocoagulation groups were higher and the concentration of IL-1β was significantly lower than those in the control group (all at P<0.017). The concentration of ICAM-1 in the photocoagulation group was significantly higher than that in the control group ( P<0.017). The concentrations of PLGF, PDGF-AA and ANGPTL4 of PDR group were higher than those of NPDR group, and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=-2.291, -3.396, -2.276, all at P<0.05). VEGF-A was positively correlated with the other cytokines except ICAM-1 ( rs=0.237-0.540, all at P<0.05). ANGPTL4 was positively correlated with the other cytokines except IL-1β ( rs=0.361-0.733, all at P<0.01). Conclusions:The occurrence and development of DR are closely related to VEGF family, PDGF family, ANGPTL family and inflammatory factors.The concentrations of PLGF, PDGF-AA and ANGPTL4 are higher in PDR eyes.There are close and complex relationships among a variety of cytokines in the eyes of DR patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationship between the relevant factors and prostate cancer among Hui and Han populations.

METHODSThe study involved 267 prostate cancer patients as cases (214 cases from Han population and 53 cases from Hui population) and 534 prostatic hyperplasia patients as controls (428 cases from Han population and 106 cases from Hui population). All the patients were collected from the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University during January of 2007 to September of 2013. The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total prostate specific antigen (T-PSA), free prostate specific antigen (F-PSA) and free/total prostate specific antigen (F/T-PSA) were collected from the clinical medical records of the patients. Data were analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method, and attributable risk proportion(ARP) was calculated.

RESULTSIn Hui population, the risk of prostate cancer for drinkers was 20.48 times higher than the non-drinkers (35.8% (19/53) to 5.7% (6/106), OR = 20.48, 95% CI: 4.95-84.66). The high level of F-PSA significantly increased the risk of prostate cancer for Hui group (83.0% (44/53) to 55.7% (59/106), OR = 4.27, 95%CI: 1.18-15.43). In contrast, the high TG level decreased the risk of prostate cancer for Hui group (18.9% (10/53) to 20.8% (22/106), OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.83). In Han population, the risk of prostate cancer for smokers was 1.89 times higher than the non-smokers (55.1% (118/214) to 39.7% (170/428), OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.28-2.78). Either high level of T-PSA or F-PSA increased the risk of prostate cancer for Han group (86.4% (185/214) to 53.7% (230/428),OR = 2.34, 95%CI:1.22-4.52;85.5% (183/214) to 56.1% (240/428), OR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.29-4.59). However, the high TG level or high ratio of F/T-PSA decreased the risk of prostate cancer (15.4% (33/214) to 18.7% (80/428), OR = 0.59, 95% CI:0.36-0.98; 53.3% (114/214) to 73.4% (314/428), OR = 0.53, 95% CI:0.36-0.78). The APRs of drinking and high level of F-PSA in Han populations were 66.6%, 62.4% in Hui populations , and the APRs of smoking and high level of T-PSA, high level of F-PSA were 33.8%, 71.3%, 67.3% in Han populations.

CONCLUSIONBoth drinking and high level of F-PSA might be the risky factors of prostate cancer while the high TG level might be protective factor for Hui group. However, for Han population, smoking, high T-PSA level, and high F-PSA level might be risky factors for prostate cancer while the high TG level and high ratio of F/T-PSA might be protective factors. In summary, the clinical relevant factors of prostate cancer may play different roles between Hui and Han populations in Ningxia region.

Alcoholic Beverages ; Biopsy ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; ethnology ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Triglycerides

Platform method is a modeling method that forces experimental animals to stand on the platforms for a long time without rest by taking advantage of the rodent's fear of water. The application time and node of platform method in model construction can be adjusted according to the needs of different types of animal models. At present， the research hotspot of platform method focuses on constructing animal models of sleep deprivation， anxiety and depression and other mental diseases as well as fatigue. In recent years， with the development of the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， this method has been gradually applied to the study of TCM syndrome model and TCM disease and syndrome combination model with "heart"，"liver" and "spleen" as the centers. Due to the extensive application of platform method and the diversity of modeling diseases， there is still a lack of systematic discussion on this method as the core. This paper systematically summarized the research in China and abroad and explored the application of platform method in animal models of human diseases from three dimensions： its development process， current application and problems and future development. In addition， through the analysis of the research hotspots on sleep deprivation， mental diseases， fatigue， TCM syndrome model and TCM disease and syndrome combination model，the ideas and specific applications of platform method in construction of various animal models were discussed. This paper was expected to provide reference for researchers and promote further exploration and research of this modeling method.