A new flavonol derivative, meliglabrin (1) along with three known flavonols, ternatin (2), meliternatin (3), and 5,4′-dihydroxy-3,7,3′-trimethoxyflavon (4) were isolated from the leaves of Melicope glabra (Blume) T.G. Hartley. Their structures were determined using extensive spectroscopic methods, including UV, IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. Compounds 1 – 4 were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against murine leukemia P-388 cells, compound 4 showed moderate activity.
Flavonols ; Leukemia ; Rutaceae

A new isoprenylated acetophenone, acronyculatin P (1) as well as two known compounds, 3′,5′-diisoprenyl-2′,4′-dihydroxy-6′-methoxyphenylethanone (2) and 3′-isoprenyl-2′,4′,6′-trihydroxyphenylethanone (3) were isolated from the stem bark of Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq. The structures were determined by HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR. The inhibitory activity of the isoprenylated acetophenone derivatives against murine leukemia P-388 cells showed compound 1 moderate activity with IC₅₀ 15.42 µM.
Leukemia ; Rutaceae ; Thoracica

By isolating and using UV, IR, 1H-MNR and 13C-NMR analysis, the authors determined the structure of heptazolin (8-hydroxy-heptaphillin) - an alcaloid carbazol isolated from Clausena heptaphilla (Roxb.) W & ARN. Results of in vitro study showed the physiochemical characteristics and spectrum of alcaloid carbazol heptazolin
Rutaceae ; plants ; pharmacy ; Medicine, Traditional ; Alkaloids

BACKGROUND: Our local calamansi's pulps contain tannin which has been found to have antifungal activity.
OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of calamansi pulp extract cream in the treatment of tinea versicolor.
METHODS: This was a prospective, open-label pilot study. Safety of 20 percent, 40 percent and 80 percent tannin from calamansi pulp was done using patch test. The 40 percent tannin cream determined safe was used for the phase 2 clinical trial. Patients with tinea versicolor applied the test cream twice daily and was re-evaluated weekly for 4-weeks.
RESULTS: Of the 100 volunteers who underwent patch testing, six subjects developed significant irritancy with the 80 percent tannin cream (p= 0.016). The 20 percent and 40 percent tannin creams were deemed safe for topical application. Fifteen patients underwent the 2nd phase evaluation for efficacy using 40 percent tannin cream. Weekly mean global assessment score showed significant clinical improvement from baseline and after the 4-weeks study (p= 0.000). At week 4, clinical cure had occurred in 93 percent (95 percent CI, 81-106) of subjects, mycologic cure in 100 percent (95 percent CI, 100) and complete cure in 93 percent (95 percent CI, 81-106).
CONCLUSION: The 20 percent and 40 percent tannin extracts are safe for topical application. The 40 percent calamansi pulp extract cream is effective against tinea versicolor after 4-weeks of use.

Human ; Citrus ; Eukaryota ; Plants ; Antifungal Agents ; Patch Tests ; Pilot Projects ; Prospective Studies ; Tannins ; Tinea Pedis ; Tinea Versicolor ; Volunteers ; Angiosperms ; Rutaceae

OBJECTIVEThe spectral imaging method was used to quickly identify the Cortex Dictamni pieces and its counterfeit alangium Chinese, which is a potential method would be applied to control the quality of the Cortex Dictamni pieces.

METHODStandard sample, 5 cortex dictamni samples and its counterfeit alangium Chinese of different sources were tested by the liquid crystal imaging instrument. The spectrum resolution was 5 nm, the spectral range was from 405 nm to 680 nm, and the spatial resolution was 50 lp x mm(-1). The characteristic spectrum curves were picked up from spectral cube and principal analysis method was used to analyze the results.

RESULTThe identification results by the spectral imaging method accorded well with the results by the traditional biology and chemistry analysis method.

CONCLUSIONThe spectral imaging analysis method can be used to identify the cortex dictamni pieces and its counterfeit alangium Chinense. The testing course is convenient, quick and noninvasive.

Alangiaceae ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods

To investigate the perception and consumption of imported and organic produce, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire in Seoul, Taejon and Cheongju from February to March in 1995. The responses of 350 housewives were analyzed. Most of the subjects (96.8%) know an increase of imported produce, and 86.3% thought that imported produce was not safe. Ninety-two percent of the subjects preferred domestic produce to imported produce. The reasons were for the support of domestic farming (36.7%), hazardous chemicals in imported produce (25.0%), good taste (24.1%) and high quality of domestic produce (13.1%). Seventy-eight percent of the subjects had purchased imported produce. The reasons for purchase were cheap price (67.7%), high quality (16.2%), and good taste (5.4%). Imported produce were purchased in the following order ; fruits such as banana, kiwi, orange and grapefruit, seasonings such as garlic and sesame, vegetables such as onion, braken and green onion, and beans and grains such as soybean, red bean, and barley. Most of the subjects (94.3%) had been informed on organic produce. Among these, 45.2% obtained the information by TV or radio. However, son for purchase was low residual chemicals (64.6%). The reasons against purchase were inconvenience of purchase (42.3%), high price (25.4%), and disbelief of low residual chemicals (19.7%). Therefore, domestic produce should be good in quality and taste, and be safe without residual chemicals in order to compete with imported produce with cheap price. Informations on organic and imported produce should be provided to consumers, and the distribution system of organic produce should be improved for consumers convenience.
Edible Grain ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Citrus paradisi ; Citrus sinensis ; Daejeon ; Fabaceae ; Food, Organic* ; Fruit ; Garlic ; Hazardous Substances ; Hordeum ; Musa ; Onions ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Sesamum ; Soybeans ; Vegetables ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND: Erosion is a gradual process that occurs fairly quickly, and the full extent of the erosive effects of acidic beverages is not yet clear. The present study aimed to determine the differences in the erosive potentials among four naturally acidic fruit nectars within the same range of titratable acidity and to determine the influence of the components of organic acids on tooth erosion. METHODS: Diluted fruit nectars (mandarin 1:1.1, orange 1:1.7, lemon 1:15, grapefruit 1:20) with the same range of titratable acidity (7.9 ml) and their corresponding organic acids (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5% citric acid, malic acid, and a citric and malic acid mixture [pH 2.8], respectively) were used. Specimens were placed in conical tubes with 50 ml of each of the test solutions for 1 hour. A microhardness test and scanning electron microscopy were used to measure enamel erosion. Acid separation was carried out using high-performance liquid chromatography to analyze the composition of each test solution. RESULTS: Similar decreases in the Vickers hardness number (VHN) were observed among the groups treated with the following diluted fruit nectars: diluted mandarin nectar (75.9 ΔVHN), diluted lemon nectar (89.1 ΔVHN), diluted grapefruit nectar (91.7 ΔVHN), and diluted orange nectar (92.5 ΔVHN). No statistically significant differences were found in the enamel surface hardness after erosion (p>0.05). Citric and malic acids were the major organic acids in the test fruits. The lemon and orange groups had the highest malic acid concentrations, and the mandarin group had the lowest malic acid concentration. CONCLUSION: The titratable acidity and the citric and malic acid contents of the fruits could be crucial factors responsible for enamel erosion. Therefore, fruit-based drinks should be regarded as potentially erosive.
Beverages ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Citric Acid ; Citrus paradisi ; Citrus sinensis ; Dental Enamel ; Fruit ; Hardness ; In Vitro Techniques ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Plant Nectar ; Tooth Erosion

Activity-guided separation of the methylene chloride-soluble fraction of the leaves of Zanthoxylum schinifolium, resulted in the isolation of four coumarinoids (1 - 4), two triterpenoids (5, 6) and three fatty acid derivatives (7 - 9) as active principles. Their chemical structures were identified as collinin (1), 8-methoxyanisocoumarin (2), 7-(6'R-hydroxy-3',7'-dimethylocta-2',7'-dienyloxy)-coumarin (3), (E)-4-methly-6-(coumarin-7'-yloxy) hex-4-enal (4), lupeol (5), epi-lupeol (6), phytol (7), hexadec-3-enoic acid (8) and palmitic acid (9), on the basis of spectroscopic (1D, 2D and MS) data analyses and comparing with the data published in the literatures. Compounds 1 and 7 showed potent cytotoxicity against Jurkat T cells with IC50 values of 45.58 and 47.51 microM, respectively. The others showed moderate activity with IC50 values ranging around 80.58 to 85.83 microM, while the positive control, auraptene, possessed an IC50 value of 55.36 microM.
Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Palmitic Acid ; Phytol ; Rutaceae ; Statistics as Topic ; T-Lymphocytes ; Zanthoxylum*

Anticoccidial effects of the root bark of Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz (Rutaceae) extract (DDE) were evaluated in chickens following oral infection with Eimeria (E.) tenella. Three-day-old chickens (n=30) were assigned to three groups (control, untreated, and DDE 0.1% treated). Chickens were fed a standard diet supplemented with or without DDE for 1 week prior to infection with E. tenella (10,000 sporulated oocysts per chicken). The effects of DDE on E. tenella infection were assessed by two parameters; fecal oocysts shedding and body weights gain. The DDE-fed chickens produced significantly reduced fecal oocysts (P<0.05) when compared to the E. tenella-infected group fed standard diet. Also, DDE-based diet, improved body weight loss caused by E. tenella infection. Our data demonstrated that DDE had remarkable anticoccidial activities against E. tenella. This finding might have implications for the development of anticoccidial drug. This study is the first to demonstrate anticoccidial effect of DDE on Eimeria parasites.
Body Weight ; Chickens ; Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene ; Dictamnus* ; Diet ; Eimeria ; Eimeria tenella* ; Oocysts ; Parasites ; Rutaceae

OBJECTIVETo determine the content of isopimpinellin in root of Toddalia asiatica.

METHODSA HPLC method was set up. Using Hypersil C18 column and methanol-water (70:30) as mobile phase, with the detection wavelength at 306 nm.

RESULTThe linear range of isopimpinellin was 0.004 20 approximately 0.420 microg. The average recovery was 99.7% and the RSD 2.8%.

CONCLUSIONThe method is simple and accurate, with good reproducibility, and can be used as a quantitative analysis method for isopimpinellin.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Furocoumarins ; analysis ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry