Objective To compare the differences of cytokines IFN‐γ,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐13 and IL‐17 expression lev‐els mainly secreted by peripheral blood Th1 ,Th2 and Th17 cells and to investigate the correlation between the cytokines in the Han and Uyghur cervical cancer patients with the clinical stage and tumor differentiation degree .Methods The blood samples in 66 ca‐ses of pathologically diagnosed cervical cancer (Han in 22 cases ,Uyghur in 44 cases) before treatment in our hospital were collect‐ed .The concentrations of IFN‐γ,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐13 and IL‐17 were measured by using Luminex assay ,then the differ‐ences of cytokines were compared between Han and Uyghur patients;according to the clinical stage and tumor differentiation de‐gree ,the grouping was performed ,then the differences of cytokines in different subgroups were compared between Han and Uyghur cervical cancer patients .Results The levels of IFN‐γ,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐13 and IL‐17 in the Uyghur cervical cancer group were higher than those in the Han cervical cancer group(P<0 .05);the levels of IL‐2 ,IL‐4 and IL‐10 secreted by Th cells in the stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ Uyghur cervical cancer group were higher than those in the stage Ⅰ - Ⅱ Han cervical cancer group(P<0 .05);the levels of IFN‐γ ,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐13 and IL‐17secreted by Th cells in the stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ Uyghur cervical cancer group were higher than those in the stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ Han cervical cancer group(P<0 .05);the levels of IFN‐γ,IL‐2 ,IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 ,IL‐13 and IL‐17 secreted by Th cells in middle to high differentiation Uyghur cervical cancer group were higher than those in middle to high differentiation Han cervical cancer group(P<0 .05) .Conclusion In the HPV16‐positive cervical cancer patients ,the concentrations of cytokines secreted by Th cells are different between Uyghur group and Han group ,these differences are more significant in the stage Ⅲ - Ⅳ cervical cancer and in middle to high differentiated cervical cancer .

PURPOSETo analyze the role of radiotherapy in the treatment of olfactory neuroblastoma. METHODS From 1974 to 1994. 11 patients with olfactory neuroblastoma were treated in Xinjiang Cancer Hospital. All patients were confirmed histologically. Six cases were stage B and 5, stage C. Five patients were treated with surgery and postoperative radiotherapy (4. stage B and 1, stage C), and 6. with radiotherapy alone. The tumor dose ranged from 45~68 Gy, 2. 0 Gy/Fx. Neck irradiation with total dose of 60~65 Gy was carried out for 3 patients with cervical lymph node metastases. RESULTS Three patients had local recurrences and 2 cases, distant metastases. The actuarial overall survivals at 3 and 5 year were 55% and 36%, respectively. Three and five year survivals were 33%and 17% for the patients treated with radiotherapy alone, and 80% and 60% for the patients treated with surgery and postoperative irradiation, respectively(P= 0. 2727). CONCLUSION For the patients with stage B and C olfactory neuroblastoma, combined modality of surgery and radiotherapy should be the treatment of choice.

Objective To investigate the correlation of platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) from pretreatment in the Xinjiang Uygur patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods In this retrospective analysis,96 cases of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with pathologically diagnosis were collected.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis suggested that optimum PLR and NLR cut-off point for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.The patients were divided into high-PLR and low-PLR groups,high-NLR and low-NLR groups,respectively.The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method.The Log rank statistics was used to test differences between groups.The prognostic factors that may affect patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Uighur population of Xinjiang were analyzed by COX proportional hazards models.Results For high-PLR and low-PLR groups,5-year overall survival,and progression-free survival were 46.6％ and 79.3％,49.8％ and 82.7％,respectively;the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).For high-NLR and low-NLR groups,5-year overall survival rate,and progression-free survival rate were 41.3％ and 41.3％,50.8％ and 82.5％,respectively;the difference was statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.01).Univariate analysis showed that N stage,clinical stage,NLR,and PLR had significantly impact on overall survival and progression-free survival (all P ＜ 0.05);multivariate analysis showed that PLR and clinical stage had statistical significance in Uighur patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma for progression-free survival and overall survival (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions PLR may be independent factor that influences the prognosis of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Uighur population of Xinjiang.

Objective To investigate the development status of tumor radiotherapy in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.Methods A questionnaire survey we used last time was conducted by letter,Email,telephone or fax to investigate all the medical institutions in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for researching the current status of radiotherapy academic settings,human resources,allocation of radiotherapy facilities and standardization of medical practices.Results Up to the end of January 2015,there were 30 medical electron linear accelerators,21 simulated locators,10 breach-loading brachytherapy machines,31 treatment planning systems and 5γ or X knives in Xinjiang.Radiotherapy was carried out in 20 medical institutions,including 14 three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and 9 intensity modulated radiation therapy,8 breach-loading brachytherapy,3 stereotactic radiotherapy,and 2 volumetric modulated arc therapy.There were 280 radiation personnel (except nurses),including 159 radiation oncologists,40 radiotherapy physicists and 81 radiotherapy technologists.There were 1167 hospital beds and 855 cancer patients received radiotherapy on average every day.Conclusions Although radiation personnel has increased,radiotherapy facilities have been improved,hospital beds and patients received radiotherapy also have become more,the improvements are needed for cause of imbalance in precise radiation therapy development.

Objective To study the altered radiobiological effect of simulative intensity-modulated radiotherapy (SIMR) in cultured human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and the related mechanism. Methods Single cell suspension of exponentially growing CNE-2 cells, a poor differentiated NPC cell line, was seeded and cultured for 12 hours, then the cells were irradiated in two different models by 6 MV X-ray beams at 3 Gy/min. In single fraction irradiation (SFR) model, cells were irradiated a single fraction of 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy within 0 to 3 minutes. In S1MR model, cells were irradiated 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8 Gy in 5 frac-tions with interval of 8.0-8.5 minutes between. Clonogenic assay was performed to determine the radiosen-sitivity. Cellular apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect mRNA expressions of Bax and Bcl-2, Respectively. Results Compared with SFR group, the survival fraction in SIMR group was higher at all the dose levels. The values of α, β, D0 and Dq were higher in SIMR group than in SFR group. At dose levels of 2 Gy, 4 Gy and 6 Gy, The early and late apoptotic cells in SIMR group were lower than in SFR group (21.20%: 15.89%, F=18.51, P=0.020;13.00%: 10.20, F=15.67, P=0.040).The mRNA expression of Bax was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner in the both groups. Compared with SFR group, the mRNA expression of Bax in SIMR group was lower at all the dose levels (Mean value of 76.75% : 62.50%, F =36.57, P =0.000). Bcl-2 mRNA expression at every dose level had no significant difference between the two groups (Mean value of 29.25% : 29.75%, F=0.74, P=0.800). Conclusions Prolonged delivery time in SIMR model can decrease the radiobiological effects.

Objective To investigate the significance of intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)for spinal metastases during different target areas setting and evaluate the efficacy of pain relief before and after radiotherapy. Methods Forty-four cases of spinal metastases were treated with intensity modulated radiation therapy, including 18 males and 26 females; aging from 40 to 68 years with a mean of 56 years.Frankel grade before treatment: stage A in 2 patients, B in 2, C in 3, D in 3, E in 34. The target area was determined according to preoperative imaging, CT localization before radiotherapy and different anatomical characteristics of spinal cord segments. And then the intensity modulated radiation therapy was performed by means of 5-field irradiation. Prescription dose: 30-56 Gy, the average 40.5 Gy, the median dose of 40 Gy, 2-3 Gy/times, 5 times/week. Before and after radiotherapy for pain relief in patients, neurological function of spinal cord were compared and comprehensively evaluated. Results Among 44 patients undergone pain intensity modulated radiation therapy, 21 patients achieved complete remission, 17 achieved partial remission and 6 achieved minor effect, with a relief rate of 86.4% (38/44). Pain rating before treatment was not correlative with the state of pain relief. Evaluation of the effect of radiotherapy showed complete remission in 4 cases and partial remission in 33, no change in 7, with an efficiency rate of 84.1%(37/44). There was no relationship between pain relief with implant nails and implant bone cement. Ten patients with different degrees of neurological impairment before treatment were improved in Frankel grade after treatment. Conclusion IMRT can improve pain in patients with metastatic spinal tumors, and nerve dysfunction and other symptoms, which was not easy to result in radioactivity spinal cord and nerve injury.

Objective:To investigate the prognostic value of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), macrophage-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) before treatment in patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC).Methods:A total of 175 patients newly-diagnosed with LACC admitted to Cancer Hospital affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University from August 2016 to October 2019 were enrolled in this study. Complete clinical data and ALC before treatment were recorded and NLR, MLR and PLR were calculated. Multivariate Cox′s proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the prognostic factors of patients with LACC.Results:The progress-free survival (PFS) of LACC patients in the NLR reduction group (<3.34) and MLR reduction group (<0.315) were significantly higher than those in the NLR and MLR elevation groups (both P<0.05). The overall survival (OS) of LACC patients in the ALC elevation group (≥1.375 × 10 9/L) and the PLR reduction group (<160.575) were significantly higher compared with those in the ALC reduction group and PLR elevation group (both P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that EQD 2Gy, the equivalent dose of HR-CTV, was an important prognostic factor of PFS in patients with LACC ( P=0.030). Multivariate Cox′s regression analysis demonstrated that FIGO staging ( HR=2.339, 95% CI 1.22-4.48, P=0.010) and concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( HR=0.213, 95% CI 0.11-0.43, P<0.001) were the independent predicators of PFS in patients with LACC. However, concurrent chemoradiotherapy ( HR=0.229, 95% CI 0.07-0.81, P=0.023) and MLR ( HR=4.933, 95% CI 1.39-17.54, P=0.014) before treatment were the independent predictors of OS in patients with LACC. Conclusions:Patients with locally advanced cervical cancer can benefit from concurrent chemoradiotherapy. HR-CTV EQD 2Gy is a critical prognostic factor of PFS in patients with LACC. The increase of MLR before treatment is an independent prognostic factor of OS in LACC patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of cetuximab (C225) combined with radiation on the expressions of Ku80 and ATM in CNE-2 nude mice xenograft tumor model.Methods The CNE2 nude mice xenograft tumor model was established and divided into control group,conventional radiotherapy (CRT) group,simulated intensity modulated radiation therapy (sIMRT) group,C225 group,CRT + C225 group and sIMRT + C225 group with 8 mice in each group.The dose of radiation was 20 Gy,and 1mg C225 per mice in abdominal cavity was applied for the drug treatment.The transcriptional levels of Ku80 and ATM were assayed by RT-PCR and Western blot.Results Compared with control group,the transcriptional and translational levels of Ku80 and ATM in CRT group,sIMRT group,CRT + C225 group and slMRT + C225 group were decreased (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with CRT group,the down-regulation of transcriptional and translational ATM level in sIMRT group was obvious (P ＜ 0.05),and further strengthened in the CRT + C225 group and sIMRT + C225 groups (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference of ATM expression between sIMRT + C225 group and CRT group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions C225 alone can restrain the transcriptional and translational level of ATM,and the transcriptional and translational level of Ku80 and ATM are also restrained after megadose.ATM is down-regulated by sIMRT but up-regulated by the combination of C225 and radiation.

Objective To investigate the effects of radiation on the apoptosis rate and expression of 7 apoptosis-related genes in well-differentiated human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line CNE-1.Methods CNE-1 cells were cultured in vitro.The apoptosis rates of CNE-1 cells under 0-,2-,4-,6-,and 8-Gy radiation were measured by flow cytometry.The mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2,Bcl-xl,Bcl-w,Bax,Bak,Bad,and Bid were measured by RT-PCR.The Pearson test was used for analyzing the correlation of mRNA expression with apoptosis rate and radiation dose and the correlation between apoptosis rate and survival fraction.Results The early apoptosis rate of CNE-1 cells increased gradually as the radiation dose ranged from 0 to 6 Gy,but decreased when the radiation dose was 8 Gy; the late apoptosis rate of CNE-1 cells increased as the radiation dose ranged from 0 to 8 Gy.The mRNA expression of Bax was upregulated as CNE-1 cells were irradiated,and it was positively correlated with the early/late apoptosis rate and radiation dose (P =0.000 for all comparisons).The mRNA expression of Bcl-xl was downregulated,and it was negatively correlated with the early/late apoptosis rate (P =0.005 and 0.039) ; but it showed no correlation with radiation dose (P =0.369).The mRNA expression of Bcl-2 was upregulated and reached the peak level when the radiation dose was 4 Gy,and then it fell as the radiation dose increased.The mRNA expression of Bcl-w,Bcl-2,Bad,and Bid were not correlated with the early/late apoptosis rate (P =0.058 -0.894).There was no correlation between the apoptosis rate and survival fraction in CNE-1 cells (P =0.064).Conclusions Bax and Bcl-xl have some correlation with apoptosis rate in CNE-1 cells,but no correlation between the apoptosis rate and survival fraction was observed.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between human papilloma virus (HPV)16 E6/7-specific T cell immune response in the periphral blood and clinical features and prognosis of patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC).Methods:Seventy-two patients pathologically diagnosed with CSCC admitted to Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2013 to October 2015, and 75 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. The special responses of peripheral blood T cells to E6 and E7 overlapping peptides before treatment were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The differences of frequency and intensity expression of specific immune responses between two groups were analyzed by chi-square χ2 test and nonparametric test. The correlation between antigen-specific immune response and T cell subsets was analyzed by Spearman test. Log-rank test and Cox’s regression model were employed for univariate and multivariate prognostic analyses. Results:The frequencies of HPV16 E6-ad E7-specific T cell responses in CSCC patients were significantly higher than those in healthy controls (51.39% vs. 29.33%, P=0.006 and 45.83% vs.25.33%, P=0.009), and the mean intensities were also considerably higher than those in healthy controls (20.00 SFC/10 6vs.10.76 SFC/10 6, P<0.001 and 16.17 SFC/10 6vs.10.72 SFC/10 6, P=0.017). The intensity of HPV16 E6-specific T cell immune response was positively correlated with the CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio in the peripheral blood of CSCC patients ( r=0.279, P=0.018). And a strong correlation was noted between E7-specific T cell immune response intensity and increasing proportion of NK+ cells ( r=0.274, P=0.020). Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that therapeutic mode (radiotherapy vs. concurrent chemoradiotherapy, HR=2.918, 95% CI 1.454-5.854, P=0.003) and E6-specific T cell response (response group vs. no response group, HR=0.491, 95% CI 0.243-0.99, P=0.047) were the independent prognostic factors influencing the clinical prognosis. The 5-year overall survival in patients with HPV16 E6-specific T cell responses was significantly higher than that in the no response group (64% vs.41%, P=0.041). Conclusions:The intensity of HPV16 E6-specific T cell immune response is positively correlated with the CD 4+/CD 8+ ratio. No HPV16 E6-specific T cell response and radiotherapy alone are more likely to cause poor prognosis of CSCC patients.