Purpose: To understand the influence to depth doses and peripheral doses by Enhanced Dynamic Wedge and physical wedge.Methods: The depth doses and peripheral doses were measurement for open field and Enhanced Dynamic Wedge field as well as physical wedge.Results: ⑴ depth doses and peripheral doses for Enhanced Dynamic Wedge fields was very similar to those for open fields ⑵ depth doses and peripheral doses for physical wedge fields was large than those for open fields. Conclusion: depth doses measured for open fields can also be used for Enhanced Dynamic Wedge fields dose calculation. Wedge depth dose must be used in the physical wedge fields dose calculation. It should be pay attend to peripheral doses for physical wedge fields in the clinic.

BACKGROUND:Human has a high level heritability in physical performance. With the development of technology and test method in molecular biology, the researchers of sport science are concerned with the influence of gene variation on the elite athlete performance. They begin to know the important value of gene on predicting the physical performance.
OBJECTIVE:To review the research results in the field of gene polymorphisms and elite athlete performance and to expatiate the problems in these researches, thereby offering some proposals.
METHODS:A computer-based online research of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed to col ect articles published from 1998 to 2013 with the key words“elite athlete performance, gene polymorphisms, endurance, power, training response”in Chinese and English. There were 150 articles after the initial survey. A total of 80 articles were included according inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The researches of this field are mainly focused on the three aspects:elite endurance performance, elite power performance, and training response, which are associated with gene polymorphisms. The main genes related to elite endurance performance are ACE, mtDNA, PPAR, ADR, GNB3, NRF2, etc. The main genes related to elite power performance are ACTN3, ACE, GDF-8, IL-6, HIF-1, etc. The main genes related to training response are HBB, TFAM, NRF2, AR, FECH, etc. Several gaps in the current researches have been identified including smal sample size of most athletic cohorts, lack of corroboration with replication cohorts of different ethnic backgrounds. The numerous research findings can be applied to the gene selection of athletes by creating some kinds of algorithms and models.

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of the human telomeruse gene (hTERC)in the cytologic specimens of cervix for early cervical lesion screening.Methods Cytologic samples of cervix including 120 normal persons,86 CIN patients and 14 SCC patients were analyzed for aberrations of 3q26 using a commercially available two-color FISH probe.Results Positive expression rates of hTERC gene in normal,CIN Ⅰ ,CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ and SCC samples were 1.7%(2/120),2.6%(1/38),55.6%(10/118),87.5%(14/16),100.0%(14/14),100.0%(14/14),respectively.Compared with CIN Ⅰ/CIN Ⅱ group,hTERC gene positive expressions in SCC/CIN Ⅲ group were higher significantly(P=0.01),and them were also difference between CIN Ⅰ-CIN Ⅲ group and normal controls(X~2=113.52,P ＜0.01).With progression from CIN to carcinoma,polyploidization resulting in aneuploidy and high TERC gene copy numbers in SCC group ascended significantly.Among the total abnormal cells,the number of the cells percentage which hTERC amplification signals was more than 3:3 in CIN Ⅰ ,CIN Ⅱ,CIN Ⅲ and SCC groups were 6.12%,7.98%,28.07% and 33.97%,respectively.Condusion The hTERC gene is increasingly gained with progression of CIN and may appear to be another screening testmarker for early cervical cancer screening and accessory diagnosis.

Objective To study dectin-1 mRNA expression in lung of different immune status mice infected with Aspergillusfumigatus, and to explore the influence of immunosuppressive agent on the expression of dectin-1 and its relationship with the progression of disease. Methods Mice were divided into four groups which were normal control, immuncompromised, immuncompromised with A.fumigatus inoculation and immuncompetent with A.fumigatus inoculation groups. We explored the kinetic mRNA expression of dectin-1 in lung of different groups by real-time quantitative PCR. Pulmonary fungal burden assessment was performed to reflect the progressing of disease during the experimental time course. Results On day 3 after inoculation, pulmonary fungal burden of the immuncompromised mice was higher than that of the immuncompetent group. On day 1 and 3, dectin-I mRNA expression in lung of the immuncompromised group was much lower than that of the normal control. On day 3, dectin-1 mRNA expression in lung of the immuncompetent mice infected with A.fumigatus was much higher than that of the immuncompromised with A.fumigatus inoculation and the normal control groups ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion During the infection, expression of dectin-1 in lung of the immuncompetent group was strikingly increased, which may play an important role on the defence to A.fumigatus invasion. Cyclophosphamide inhibited the expression of dectin-1 in lung of mice which may be one of the mechanisms of the invasive pulmonary aspergillosis development induced by eyclophosphamide.

Objective To invstigate the effect of high dose X-ray irradiation on the expression of multidrug resistance-1 (MDR1), Bcl-2, MMP7 genes. Methods A nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line,CNE1, were irradiated with a total dose of 50 Gy. The resistance to the cisplatin of CNE1 cells and the irradiated CNE1 (CNE1 R) cells was detected by MTT. mRNAs expression of MDR1 , Bcl-2 and MMP7 was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Results The expression of MDR1 increased in CNE1 R cells. The semiquantitative A value of MDR1 mRNA was 0.47 ±0.04, and the value of CNE1R cells (1st, 7th, 21st,28th, 35th, 42nd and 49th days after irradiation) were 0.67 ± 0. 06 (t = -5.44, P = 0. 003) ,0.70 ± 0. 01(t=-5.90,P=0. 002),0.73±0. 01(t= -6. 45,P=0. 001) ,0. 67 ± 0. 03 (t= -3.97,P=0.011),0.65 ±0.01(t = -4.43,P=0. 007),0. 62±0. 05(t= -2. 64,P=0.046) and 0.62 ±0.02(t = -3.34,P=0.021), respectively. Bcl-2 mRNA expression were 0.55 ±0.02 and 1.05 ±0.04(t = -9.93,P=0. 000) and MMP7 mRNA expression were 0.51 ±0.01 and 0.82 ±0.02(t = -8.51,P=0.000) in CNE1and CNE1 R cells. Conclusions The MDR1 expression was increased after a total dose of50 Gy irradiation,which may be related to the synchronous change of Bcl-2 and MMP7 genes.

Purpose: To analyses the variation regularity of output factor of lead block fields for high energy electron beam of Varian 2300 C/D linear accelerator. Methods: Output factors of lead block fields were measured for four standard applicators under various electron beam energy. Results: The variations of output factor with field side or with applicators size were no obvious regularity Output factor of lead block fields was related to standard applicators size and lead block fields side Output factor of lead block fields was related to electron beam energy. Conclusion: Electron beam energy, standard applicator size and lead block fields side had a obvious influence upon output factor. The accurate measurement should be performed for use electron beam energy in the clinic.

Objective To detect the in vitro effect of the traditional Chinese medicine on the tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. Methods Supernatant (1^5 ml) of different doses of the traditional Chinese medicine (Changqing capsule) was collected by normal saline immersion and 2^5?10+4 Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites were added in each paste well for 8 hours. Spiramycin, pyrimethamine and azithromycin in different doses were used as controls. Normal saline was used as negative control. Mice were inoculated with drug-treated tachyzoites intraperitoneally or intragastrically. The normal mice were subcultured after 8 days for 3 generations. Results The incident number of the infected mice was significantly different among groups with different drugs and doses: 2/60, 16/60, 10/60 and 10/60 in the groups of Changqing capsule, spiramycin, pyrimethamine and azithromycin respectively (P

BACKGROUND: Opiate drugs are widely used to control chronic cancer pain, which brings many adverse reactions. Transplantation of sodium alginate-polylysine-alginate microencapsulated bovine adrenal chromaffin cell (BCC) has reported to be used as chronic cancer pain controllers. However, the high price and poor strength of polylysine limited its clinical application. Chitosan is characterized by sufficient resource, low price and good biocompatibility, which is a substitute for polylysine.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of xenotransplantation of sodium alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microencapsulated BCC on patients with advanced cancer pain.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis. All cases were obtained from Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from January 2007 to December 2008.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 10 patients with advanced cancer, including 1 female and 9 males, aged 46-78 years. According to visual algetic mimic scale (VAS), 3 patients suffered moderate pain and 7 cases suffered severe pain.METHODS: Microencapsulation method was applied to encapsulate BCC with ACA membrane and transplant the microencapsulated BCC (5-7)×10~6 into the subarachnoids pace of 10 patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of pain release, duration of analgesic effect, as well as adverse reaction.RESULTS: All 10 patients had pain relief rapidly after transplantation in varying degrees. Complete pain relief was shown in 2 cases, medium relief in 1 case, slight relief in 4 cases. Slight irritation of cauda eguina was presented after transplantation, which could disappear within 3-5 days.CONCLUSION: Xenotransplantation of ACA microencapsulated BCC into the spinal subarachnoids pace of patients with cancer pain can produce analgesic effect promptly, significantly, and safely.

Objective To explore the constitute and antimicrobial susceptibility of pathogenic fungi causing candidemia in Nanchang City of Jiangxi Province.Methods Candida spp.isolated from blood specimens of patients at a hospital in Nanchang in March-October 2015 were collected, fungal strains were identified by amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large ribosomal subunit (D1/D2 region of 26rRNA), antifungal susceptibility of fungi was detected.Results A total of 1 332 positive blood culture specimens were collected, including 74 fungal positive specimens, accounting for 5.56％, 52 strains of Candida spp.were obtained, most were Candida tropicalis (n=17,32.69％),followed by Candida albicans(n=16, 30.77％) and Candida parapsilosis complex (n=16, 30.77％).Identification results of ITS and D1/D2 region were identical.52 strains of Candida spp.were sensitive to both micafungin and caspofungin, epidemiological cutoff value(ECV) of amphotericin B showed that 52 strains were all wild type.Resistance rates of Candida tropicalis to fluconazole and voriconazole were 29.41％ and 17.64％ respectively, ECV of itraconazole and posaconazole showed that wild type accounted for 82.35％ and 94.12％ respectively;resistance rates of Candida albicans to fluconazol and voriconazole were 93.75％ and 81.25％ respectively, ECV of itraconazole and posaconazole showed that wild type accounted for 75.00％ and 81.25％ respectively;Candida parapsilosis complex strains were sensitive to both fluconazole and voriconazole, ECV of itraconazole and posaconazole showed that all were wild type;all Candida glabrata strains had intermediate resistance rates to fluconazole, ECV of voriconazole, itraconazole, and posaconazole showed that wild type accounted for 66.67％, 100.00％, and 100.00％ respectively.Conclusion Candida tropicalis is the most common pathogenic fungus causing candidemia in Nanchang of Jiangxi, followed by Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis complex.Azole, echinocandin, and amphotericin B are still first-line antifungal agents.

Objective To investigate the effect and long-term prognosis of patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatolithiasis. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 98 patients with hepatolithiasis who were treated by hepatectomy in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Results Male/femah:1/1.7;median age:55 years old.58 cases(59.2%)had been treated before;among them.50 by surgery.In 88 cages(89.8%)hepatolithiasis involved the left lobe only,in 2(2.0%) only the right lobe involved.and in 8(8.2%)both left and right lobe were involved.51(52.0%)had extrahepatic biliary stones,30(30.6%)had biliary duct strictures,28(28.6%)had a history of biliary ascariasis.and 5(5.1%)had a concurrent biliary tract malignancy.All received partial hepatectomy according to the stone location;for the 8 bilaterally involved patients,left hepatectomy and right lithotomy were performed.Postoperative complications occurredin 14 cases(14.3%),and there were2perioperative deaths(2.0%).Seventy-eight patients(79.6%)have beenfollowedupfor over1 yearwith no tumors;the results were excellent or good in 91.0%;the stone residue and recurrence rate were both 2.0%.Conclusions Hepatectomy not only eliminates calcuci,but also removes diseased biliary tracts,with advantages of low residue stone and recurrence rate.