ObjectiveTo understand the relationship between mycoplasm load in bronchoalveolar lavage lfuid (BALF) with the status of Th1/Th2 immune response in children withMycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP).MethodsThe levels of IL-4, IFN, IL-8 , TNF-α in BLAF and total IgE, ECP in serum from 90 children with MPP were measured by ELISA.MP DNA in BALF was detected quantitatively by lfuorescent real-time PCR. Children with MPP (n=90) were divided into two groups of low MP-DNA load (n=24) and high MP-DNA load (n=26) according to the copies of MP DNA in BALF. The cytokines in BALF, and total IgE and ECP in serum were compared between the two groups. The relationship between the levels of cytokines in BLAF and the copies was evaluated.ResultsThe levels of IL-4 and the IL-4/IFN ratio in BALF from the high DNA-load group were signiifcantly higher than that of the low group (t=4.280, 2.076, allP<0.05). The level of IL-4 was signiifcantly correlated with the copies of MP-DNA in BALF from children with MPP (r=0.509,P<0.05). The percentage of total IgE and ECP positive result in serum from the high DNA-load group is higher than that of the low group. (χ2=24.638, 6.392,allP<0.05).Conclusion Infection with high-load MP in children may cause the imbalance of Th1/Th2. And the Th2 cytokines response seems predomi-nant.

Objective Early studies had confirmed that the combine-sequential therapy in the treatment of acute attacks of wheezing infants was safe and effective,this study aims to further explore the role of oral azithromycin in the combine-sequential therapy.Methods According to the principles of randomized,56 wheezing infants were divided into Azithromycin group and control group from Aug.2012 to Apr.2013,and there were 29 children in the Azithromycin group and 27 children in the control group.The treatment protocol of Azithromycin group were oral Azithromycin 10 mg/(kg · d),3 days; oral prednisone 5 mg/d,3 days; Tulobuterol Patch 0.5 mg/d,7 days;oral Ioratadine 3 mL/d,7 days; oral Montelukast 4 mg/d,7 days.Control group was without Azithromycin,and the rest of drugs were the same as Azithromycin group.The symptom scores of coughing,wheezing,wheezing sound and the difficulty of expectoration in the 1 st day,the 3rd day,and the 7th day were recorded.Results 1.The Azithromycin group and the control group could both improve the children's symptom scores of coughing,wheezing,wheezing sound and the difficulty of expectoration,the 2 groups of children before and after treatment of the symptom scores differences were statistically significant (5.41 ± 1.40,4.85 ± 1.13 vs 1.14 ± 0.78,2.93 ± 1.00) (S =217.5,147.0,all P ＜ 0.05).2.The Azithromycin group had more improvement at the symptom scores of coughing,wheezing,wheezing sound and the difficulty of expectoration than those of the control group in the third day (0.52 ±0.51,0.28 ±0.45,0.24 ±0.44,0.38 ±0.49 vs 0.89 ± 0.42,0.74 ±0.45,0.62 ±0.69,0.67 ±0.48)and the 7th day (0.24 ±0.44,0.21 ±0.41,0.07 ±0.26,0.21 ±0.41 vs 0.52 ±0.51,0.48 ±0.51,0.37 ±0.49,0.48 ±0.51),and the symptom score differences were statistically significant(Z =2.75,3.44,2.90,2.12,2.11,2.13,2.71,2.13,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Azithromycin + Tulobuterol patch + Prednisone + Loratadine + Montelukast combination consisting of sequential therapy can improve children with acute wheezing cough,wheezing,wheezing,difficulty of the expectoration symptoms,azithromycin is an effective component of infants wheezing combined sequential treatment regimen.

Objective:To evaluate the intestinal function in rats with exertional heat stroke (EHS) and explore the protective role of Ruifuping pectin (RFP) against heat related intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:One hundred and twenty healthy special pathogen free (SPF) male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into normothermic control group, EHS model group, hyperthermic plus drinking water group (H 2O+EHS group) and hyperthermic plus pectin group (RFP+EHS group) with 30 rats in each group. The rats in the H 2O+EHS group and RFP+EHS group were given water 20 mL/kg or RFP 20 mL/kg orally for 5 days during adaptive training period. After 1 week, the temperature control range was adjusted to (37±1)℃ using the temperature control treadmill, and the rat model of EHS was reproduced by one-time high temperature exhaustive exercise. No rehydration intervention was given during the training adaptation period in the EHS model group. The rats in the normothermic control group were maintained to room temperature (25±2)℃ and humidity (55±5)% without other treatment. Behavior tests including withdraw response, righting, and muscle strength were performed immediately after onset of EHS. Blood of inferior vena cava was collected, and the serum inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10)] and activity of diamine oxidase (DAO) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The intestinal mucosa was collected, after hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, and Chiu score was performed to assess EHS induced pathological changes under light microscope. Results:The rats in the EHS model group had behavioral, inflammatory and pathological changes, such as delayed withdraw response and righting, decreased forelimb pulling, increased inflammatory index, and obvious intestinal mucosal injury, which indicated that the reproduction of the EHS model was successful. There was no significant difference in above parameters between the H 2O+EHS group and the EHS model group except that the inflammatory index in the RFP+EHS group was improved. Compared with the EHS model group, the withdraw reflex to pain and righting after RFP pretreatment in the RFP+EHS group were significantly improved (righting score: 1.4±0.2 vs. 0.3±0.2, withdraw reflex to pain score: 1.0±0.1 vs. 0.2±0.1, both P < 0.05), the muscle strength was significantly increased (N: 13.0±0.5 vs. 8.2±0.6, P < 0.01). The levels of pro-inflammatory factors in the RFP+EHS group were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [TNF-α (ng/L): 67.5±9.2 vs. 194.3±13.7, IL-6 (ng/L): 360.0±54.1 vs. 981.2±84.4, IL-1β (ng/L): 33.7±9.0 vs. 88.7±6.1, all P < 0.01], while the level of anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was higher than that in the EHS model group (ng/L: 208.7±10.5 vs. 103.7±7.0, P < 0.01). The degree of intestinal mucosal injury in the RFP+EHS group was less severe than that in the EHS model group, and the Chiu score and DAO were significantly lower than those in the EHS model group [Chiu score: 1.5±0.2 vs. 3.8±0.0, DAO (U/L): 83.7±6.7 vs. 128.7±10.5, both P < 0.05]. Conclusions:High temperature training can damage the intestinal barrier function, and induce endotoxemia and systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) in rats. Oral prophylactic RFP can protect the intestinal barrier function, alleviate SIRS, and promote the recovery of basic nerve reflex and muscle strength after the occurrence of EHS in rats.

Myoclonus dystonia syndrome (MDS) is an inherited movement disorder, and most MDS-related mutations have so far been found in the ε-sarcoglycan (SGCE) coding gene. By generating SGCE-knockout (KO) and human 237 C > T mutation knock-in (KI) mice, we showed here that both KO and KI mice exerted typical movement defects similar to those of MDS patients. SGCE promoted filopodia development in vitro and inhibited excitatory synapse formation both in vivo and in vitro. Loss of function of SGCE leading to excessive excitatory synapses that may ultimately contribute to MDS pathology. Indeed, using a zebrafish MDS model, we found that among 1700 screened chemical compounds, Vigabatrin was the most potent in readily reversing MDS symptoms of mouse disease models. Our study strengthens the notion that mutations of SGCE lead to MDS and most likely, SGCE functions to brake synaptogenesis in the CNS.