Objective To assess the sensitivity of indices of hip development in children with spastic diple-gia resulting from cerebral palsy. Methods X-ray images of the hips of 57 children with cerebral palsy ( the cere-bral palsy group) were checked, and the acetabular index ( AI), femur head migration percentage ( MP), center-edge angle and neck-shaft angle (NSA) were compared with those of normal children ( the control group, n = 30).Results The differences in MP and NSA between the two groups were significant. The prevalence of hip subluxation was 20.45% among the children with spastic diplegia who could not walk independently, and the prevalence was sig-nificantly greater in children 3 to 5 years old than among those under 3. Conclusion The MP can be used as a sen-sitive index to evaluate hip development. Age is a relevant factor affecting the hip development of children with cere-bral palsy.

Objective:To study the correlation between systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and prognosis of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma after surgical treatment.Methods:The clinical data of 181 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma treated by surgery at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2012 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 119 men and 62 women, with an average age of 62.4 years. SII was calculated using preoperative routine blood tests. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to obtain the optimal cutoff value of SII. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curves and survival rates were compared by log-rank test. The Cox proportional risk model was used to analyze single and multiple factors.Results:The SII area under the ROC curve in predicting postoperative survival was 0.749(95% CI: 0.641-0.858), the optimal threshold was 412.6. Using this threshold, patients were divided into the low SII group (SII≤412.6, n=80) and the high SII group (SII>412.6, n=101). The 1, 3, and 5-year cumulative survival rates of patients in the low SII group were 87.5%, 57.5%, and 26.3%, which were significantly better than those of the high SII group of 71.3%, 39.6%, and 9.9% respectively ( P<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that SII>412.6 ( HR=2.887, 95% CI: 2.256-7.903, P<0.05) was an independent risk factor for overall survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Conclusion:Preoperative SII had predictive values for postoperative survival of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma, SII>412.6 was an independent risk factor for postoperative survival.

The data of a child with early-onset epileptic encephalopathy in Qilu Children′s Hospital of Shandong University in February 2020 were analyzed retrospectively.The child was a 4-month-old girl, who was admitted to the hospital because of " repeated convulsions for 4 months and feeding difficulty for 1 month" at the age of 4 months.The patient suffered from epilepsy 1 day after birth, and the epilepsy type was tonic seizures.Severe developmental retardation was observed in the patient.Electroencephalogram showed multifocal discharge, which then turned to hypsarrhythmia.The cranial imaging was negative.Feeding difficulty occurred at the age of 3 months.The genetic testing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation in the FGF12 gene (Arg114His). Various antiepileptic drugs and ketogenic diet were ineffective.There was no attack in 2 months after adding Phenytoin.The child could eat on her own after seizure control, but there was no progress in intellectual and motor development.Mutations in the FGF12 gene lead to poor prognosis of early-onset epileptic encephalopathy, and the seizures are difficult to control.Sodium ion channel blockers such as Phenytoin should be used as soon as possible.

Objective To explore the relationship among peer relationship,self-consciousness and social anxiety in HIV-infected children. Methods Peer Relationship Scale,Piers-Harris Children's Self-con-cept Scale and Social Anxiety Scale for Children were applied to 126 HIV-infected children. Results The score of peer relationship was 53. 0(45. 0,62. 0),the score of self-concept was 52. 0(42. 0,60. 0),and the score of social anxiety was 6. 0(2. 0,9. 0). Peer relationship was positively correlated with social anxiety( r=0. 196,P=0. 029) and negatively correlated with self-consciousness(r=-0. 628,P<0. 01). Self-conscious-ness was negatively correlated with social anxiety(r=-0. 504,P<0. 01). Bootstrap analysis showed that self-consciousness played a complete mediating role between peer relationship and social anxiety,and the media-ting effect value was 0. 377. Conclusion Peer relationship,self-consciousness and social anxiety are closely related. Furthermore,self-consciousness plays a complete mediating role between peer relationship and social anxiety in HIV-infected children.

Objective:To explore the relationship between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index with plaque components, plaque burden and characteristics of vulnerable plaque using coronary plaque analysis based on coronary artery computed tomography (CCTA).Methods:A total of 498 patients(male 296, female 202), the age ranged from 33 to 87 (63±9) years who underwent CCTA from January 2020 to September in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University were included. The enrolled patients were divided into three groups according to the tertiles of TyG index: T 1 group (the lowest one-third), T 2 group (middle one-third) and T 3 group (the highest one-third). The plaque burden, volume and ratio of calcified, lipid and fibrous components of plaques as well as the incidence of vulnerable plaques were measured based on CCTA images. Chi-square test, ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test were used to compare whether the differences of indexes among the three groups were statistically significant. Multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden and multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of CT high-risk plaque. Finally, ROC curve was used to evaluate the value of TyG index in the diagnosis of CT high-risk plaque, and the best diagnostic threshold of TyG index was determined. Results:The plaque burden, non-calcified plaque volume and ratio had positive relationship with TyG index ( P<0.001).TyG index was significantly correlated with plaque burden according to multiple stepwise regression analysis (regression coefficient 7.267, P<0.001). The results of CT vulnerable characteristics of plaques showed that positive remodeling, low-attenuation plaque sign and the incidence of vulnerable plaque increased with TyG index ( P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that TyG index was an independent risk factor for CT vulnerable plaque(OR=2.324,95 %CI 1.533-3.523, P<0.001). The cut-off value of TyG index that can predict vulnerable plaque was 8.43(sensitivity 77.24%, specificity 45.60%, AUC 0.645, P<0.001). Conclusions:With the increase of TyG index, the burden of coronary atherosclerosis plaque and the incidence of CT vulnerable plaque increased. TyG index is expected to be a simple and effective predictor of cardiovascular disease and adverse cardiovascular events.

ObjectiveTo screen out the mRNAs involved in the resistance of hepatoma cells to anlotinib using ceRNA microarray. MethodsHigh-dose shock combined with low-dose induction was used to culture hepatoma cells resistant to anlotinib, and CCK8 assay was used to verify the difference in the proliferation of drug-resistant hepatoma cells treated by anlotinib. The ceRNA microarray was used to screen out the differentially expressed genes between drug-resistant hepatoma cells and normal hepatoma cells, and real-time PCR was used to verify the differentially expressed genes detected by some microarrays. the independent samples t-test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze the overall survival of hepatoma cells samples, and the log-rank test was used to compare survival rates. Fisher’s exact test was used for chip screening. ResultsThere was a significant difference in gene expression between drug-resistant hepatoma cells and normal hepatoma cells, and 10 genes with the greatest difference were screened out for analysis by reducing the range. There were 4 genes associated with drug resistance and tumor growth, i.e., BIRC2, BIRC7, ABCC2, and MAPK8. There were significant reductions in the expression levels of BIRC2, ABCC2, and MAPK8 (P=0001 4, 0001 2, and 0.011 8), and there was a significant increase in the expression of BIRC7 (P＜0.001). The results of real-time PCR were consistent with those of microarray (t=10.74,32.65,18.34, and 2.80; P=0.000 4, 0.000 1, 0.000 1, and 0.044 8). The high expression of BIRC7 and the low expression of MAPK8 were associated with the significant reduction in survival time (P=0.022 0 and 0.005 6). ConclusionBIRC2, BIRC7, ABCC2, and MAPK8 are differentially expressed between anlotinib-resistant hepatoma cells and normal hepatoma cells and may be involved in the resistance of hepatoma cells to anlotinib.

Objective:To investigate the value of CT features in predicting the invasion and degree of invasiveness of lung pure ground-glass nodules (pGGN) in the new histological classification in 2021.Methods:A total of 281 patients (304 lesions) with pGGN confirmed by surgical pathology from December 2018 to January 2021 in Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. According to the pathological types, the patients were divided into prodromal lesion group [atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), 129 cases], minimally invasive group [minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), 116 cases] and invasive group [invasive adenocarcinoma (IAC), 59 cases]. Clinical data (age, gender, smoking history, family history of cancer), and CT parameters [shape, boundary, lobulation, burr, vacuolar sign, bronchial abnormality sign, internal vessel sign, pleural traction sign, longest diameter, shortest diameter, unenhanced CT value, contrast-enhanced CT value in arterial phase, contrast-enhanced CT values in venous phase, the degree of enhancement (ΔCT A-N, ΔCT V-N)] were recorded and measured. The ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis H and χ 2 test were used to compare the differences among the three groups. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the independent risk factors of nodular invasion [prodromal lesion and invasive lesion (MIA and IAC)] and the degree of nodular invasion (MIA and IAC), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed for each parameter. Results:There were statistically significant differences in age, pGGN morphology, lobulation, vacuolar sign, bronchial abnormality sign, internal vascular sign, pleural traction sign, longest diameter, shortest diameter, unenhanced CT value, contrast-enhanced CT value in arterial phase, contrast-enhanced CT value in venous phase among the precursor lesion group, minimally invasive group and invasive group ( P<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that vacuole sign (OR=2.832, 95%CI 1.363-5.887, P=0.005), internal vascular sign (OR=3.021, 95%CI 1.909-4.779, P<0.001) and unenhanced CT value (OR=1.003, 95%CI 1.001-1.006, P=0.019) were independent risk factors for invasion. Lobulation (OR=5.739, 95%CI 2.735-12.042, P<0.001), internal vascular sign (OR=1.968, 95%CI 1.128-3.433, P=0.017) and unenhanced CT value (OR=1.004, 95%CI 1.001-1.008, P=0.012) were independent risk factors for the degree of invasiveness. ROC curve analysis showed that the efficiency of internal vascular sign was the highest in distinguishing precursor lesion and the invasive, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.757, the sensitivity was 50.3%, the specificity was 89.8%. The efficiency of lobulation was the highest in distinguishing MIA and IAC (AUC=0.702), with a sensitivity of 61.0% and specificity of 79.3%. Conclusions:CT features are of certain value in predicting the invasion and degree of invasiveness of lung pGGN in the new histological classification in 2021, and internal vascular sign is more effective in predicting the invasion of lung pGGN. Lobulation can predict the degree of invasiveness of pGGN better.

Interactions between gut microbiome and host immune system are fundamental to maintaining the intestinal mucosal barrier and homeostasis. At the host-gut microbiome interface, cell wall-derived molecules from gut commensal bacteria have been reported to play a pivotal role in training and remodeling host immune responses. In this article, we review gut bacterial cell wall-derived molecules with characterized chemical structures, including peptidoglycan and lipid-related molecules that impact host health and disease processes via regulating innate and adaptive immunity. Also, we aim to discuss the structures, immune responses, and underlying mechanisms of these immunogenic molecules. Based on current advances, we propose cell wall-derived components as important sources of medicinal agents for the treatment of infection and immune diseases.
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Intestinal Mucosa ; Bacteria ; Immune System ; Symbiosis ; Immunity, Mucosal ; Immunity, Innate