Objective:To observe and analyze the changes of macular retinal thickness and related factors in children with occult myopia.Methods:A prospective longitudinal control study. From February 2021 to February 2022, 120 eyes of 60 children who first visited Department of Ophthalmology of The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College without any corresponding myopia correction treatment were included in the study. There were 32 males (64 eyes) and 28 females (56 eyes), with the age of 4-6 years. Visual acuity, medical optometry, corneal topography, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and axial length (AL) were measured at the first visit and 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The children were divided into occult myopia group with 60 eyes of 30 cases and control group with 60 eyes of 30 cases according to visual acuity, equivalent spherical refraction (SE), AL and corneal curvature (CC). The macular fovea retinal thickness was measured by spectral-domain OCT enhanced deep imaging technique. According to the treatment and study of diabetic retinopathy, the retina within the 6 mm of the macular center was divided into three concentric circles with the macular fovea as the center, the central fovea of 1 mm, the inner ring of 1-3 mm and the outer ring of 3-6 mm. In the inner ring and outer ring, the retina was divided into 4 areas, upper and lower, left and right, with a total of 9 regions. The four regions of the inner ring and the outer ring were superior, inferior, nasal and temporal, respectively. The differences of AL, CC, SE, macular retinal thickness and the changes of related factors with time were compared between the occult myopia group and the control group. SE, AL, CC and retinal thickness in different macular regions of the two groups were compared by repeated measurement analysis of variance. In pairwise comparison, the minimum significant difference t test was used in different measurement time points, and the independent sample t test was used between groups at the same measurement time points. Results:At first diagnosis and after diagnosis, there were significant differences in SE ( F=783.710), AL ( F=742.192), macular fovea ( F=330.292), inferior and temporal ( F=158.250, 108.292) side of the outer ring retinal thickness in occult myopia group ( P <0.01). In the control group, there were significant differences in the retinal thickness of SE ( F=1 793.976), AL ( F=457.362), macular fovea ( F=31.029), inferior and temporal ( F=7.405, 77.245) side of the outer ring retinal thickness ( P<0.01). In both groups, with the prolongation of the time after the first diagnosis, the SE gradually increased, the AL gradually lengthened, and the thickness of the macular fovea, inferior and temporal side of the outer ring retinal thickness gradually thinned. Independent sample t test was performed on the data with differences between groups at the same time, and the results showed that at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after first diagnosis, there were significant differences in SE, AL and CC between the occult myopia group and the control group ( t=-4.801,-11.532, 16.276, -17.145), AL ( t=24.203, 26.353, 27.057, 25.552); CC ( t=-23.362, -25.382, -25.890, -24.350; P<0.01). There were significant differences in macular fovea, inferior and temporal side of the outer ring retinal thickness at 6, 9 and 12 months, macular fovea ( t=-2.596, -2.542, -2.941; P<0.05), outer ring temporal ( t =-2.285, -2.610, -2.506; P<0.05). Conclusion:The SE and AL of the occult myopia group and the control group increase with time, and the former increase more rapidly than the latter; the macular fovea, inferior and temporal side of the outer ring retinal become thinner, and the former become thinner than the latter.

AIM:To observe the different effects of three intervention approaches on related biometric parameters in children diagnosed with latent myopia, and to investigate different control effects on children with latent myopia.METHODS:Prospective cohort concurrent controls trials. A total of 60 cases(120 eyes)of children who were initially diagnosed as latent myopia and untreated previously at ophthalmology clinic of the Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University from December 2021 to May 2022 were recruited. They were randomly divided into three groups, with 20 cases(40 eyes)in group A treated with 0.01% Atropine eye drops, 20 cases(40 eyes)in group B treated with vision training with a flip chart, and 20 cases(40 eyes)in group C treated with esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. They were followed-up for 12 mo, and the spherical equivalent(SE), axial length(AL), corneal curvature(CC), accommodative facility(AF), and macular retinal thickness of the three groups of children were compared at 6 and 12 mo post-intervention.RESULTS:Significant statistical differences were found in AL, SE and AF of the three groups of children at 6 and 12 mo(all P<0.05), and there were significant differences between 6 and 12 mo after the intervention(all P<0.05). SE and AF in the group B and C were higher than those in the group A(all P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in CC before and after the intervention(all P>0.05). The retinal thickness of the temporal, nasal, inferior and macular fovea of the outer ring at 6 and 12 mo after intervention in the three groups was significantly different from that at the initial diagnosis(all P<0.05), and there was significant difference between 6 mo and 12 mo after intervention(all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the retinal thickness of the other macular areas among the three groups before and after intervention(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION:When it comes to preventing and controlling myopia, 0.01% Atropine is more effective than flip chart training and esculin and digitalis glycosides eye drops. Therefore, the administration of 0.01% atropine and the implementation of flip chart training can effectively slow down the advancement of latent myopia.