Aim Toinvestigatetheeffectofginkgolide B on apoptosis in high glucose-treated endothelial cells.Methods Humanumbilicalveinendothelial cells(HUVECs)were used in the present study.The level of transmigration of HUVECs was analyzed by Tr-answell experiment.Apoptosis was detected by flow cy-tometry.Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS ) was meas-ured by immunofluorescence kit.The protein expres-sionwasanalyzedbyWesternblot.Result Highglu-cose treatment resulted in a reduction in transmigration of HUVECs and ginkgolide B recovered the phenome-non in glucose-treated endothelial cells.The level of ROS generation was increased in high glucose-treated group,whereas ginkgolide B inhibited ROS genera-tion.Immunofluorescence data showed high glucose in-creased apoptosis,whereas ginkgolide B inhibited ap-optosis in high glucose-treated HUVECs.Moreover, the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 were increased and Bcl-2 was reduced in high glucose-treated group. In contrast,ginkgolide B abolished the expressions of Bax and caspase-3 and increased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover,high glucose enhanced the expression and phosphorylation of p53,while ginkgolide B suppressed the expression and phosphorylation of p53 induced by highglucose.Conclusions GinkgolideBcaninhibit apoptosis and improve transmigration function in high glucose-treated HUVECs.Ginkgolide B has protection against high glucose-induced endothelial cell injury.

Objective To investigate the effect and its significance of low-dose insulin on Nmethyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) level and its downstream signaling of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK,p44/42MAPK) in streptozotocininduced diabetic rats.Methods Ten-week-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group,diabetic group and insulin-treated diabetes group.Diabetes was induced by streptozocin (STZ,60mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally.Two weeks after STZ injection,insulin glargine (92u/day for 8 weeks) was subcutaneously injected in the insulin-treated diabetes group.Then,the rat lumbar spinal cords were collected.The protein levels of phospho-Insulin receptor substrate 1 (P-IRS1),phospho-NMDAR NR1 subunit (P-NR1),P-JNK and P-p44/42MAPK were evaluated by Western blotting.One week before the terminal of the study,paw thermal response latency was measured in all groups.Results Blood glucose levels were tremendously high in both the diabetic group and insulintreated diabetes group.Compared with the control group,paw thermal response latency was markedly shortened in the diabetic group (P＜ 0.001) and the insulin-treated diabetes group (P＜ 0.001),and the alteration was more pronounced in the diabetic group (P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,the protein levels of P-IRS1,P-NR1,P-JNK and P-p44/42MAPK were increased by 79.2％,35.1％,47.6 ％,64.3 ％ and 87.6 ％,respectively in diabetic group and 49.4 ％,19.1％,16.5 ％,31.8％ and 39.9％,respectively in insulin-treated diabetes group (all P＜0.001 or 0.05).In comparison with diabetic group,the increased amplitudes of above 4 parameters were decreased by 29.8％,16.0％,31.2％,32.5％ and 47.7％ respectively in the insulin-treated diabetes group (all P＜0.05).Conclusions NMDAR and its downstream signals,such as JNK and p42/44MARK,are involved in the pathogenesis of painful diabetic neuropathy.Although it could not efficiently control the blood glucose level,low-dose insulin treatment may partly inhibit the occurrence of thermal hyperalgesia through inhibiting NMDAR signal pathway.

Objective To explore the value of color doppler ultrasound in infants with hypothyroidism between 0 to 3 years old before and after treatment .Methods The normal infants ,whose thyroids were examined by two‐dimensional ultrasound and were used by color doppler ultrasound ,were used as control group .The clinically diagnosed infants with transient hyperthyroidism or permanent hyperthyroidism were used as experimental group .The thyroids were examined by multiple ultrasonography before and after the treatment respectively in different periods .The measured values of thyroids were compared each other .Results In in‐fants with transient hyperthyroidism ,the major ultrasonographic findings were atrophy of thyroids before the treatment .Most of these thyroids enlarged ,and a small part of them recovered after the treatment .In infants with permanent hyperthyroidism ,the pri‐mary finding was thyroid agenesis ,and followed by atrophied before the treatment .The thyroid agenesis exist in most cases and few cases recover with normal values after the treatment .Conclusion Color doppler ultrasound can indirectly reflect the thyroid devel‐opment situation in infants .Combined with the advantages of non traumatic and high repeatability ,it can be used as an important auxiliary examination method for clinical diagnosis of hypothyroidism in infants .

Objective To use enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for measuring thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1),and to analyze its diagnostic value for prostatic carcinoma.Methods The possible difficulties and the way to solve the difficulties with ELISA spot were explored first.Three agents which could segregate idio-antigen and one technique which could depurate proteinum were designed and developed.The non- idio- proteinum cross reaction problems were solved and the routine method to measure TSP-1 with ELISA was set up successfully.The serum TSP-1 was measured in 14 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 18 patients with prostatic carcinoma.Results The TSP-1 values were (73.77±12.72)% and (121.86±-19.47)% in prostatic carcinoma group and benign prostatic hyperplasia group,respectively (t= 8.44,P＜0.01).The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of TSP-1 and prostate specific antigen (PSA) for prostatic cancer were 92.7%,88.9% and 85.7%,66.7%,respectively (P＜0.01).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) of TSP-1 and PSA were 0.9663 and 0.7421 (P＜0.05).Conclusions The determination of TSP-1 with ELISA is feasible.TSP-1 is an ideal diagnostic parameter for prostatic carcinoma and it may distinguish BPH from malignant prostatic disease more exactly than PSA.

Objective:To investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of resveratrol on obesity in elderly mice.Methods:In this study, 3 groups were randomly formed for 32-week-old mice and for 48-week-old mice.The normal diet group received regular chow and 0.3 ml saline by gavage once a day, the high-fat diet group received a high-fat diet(containing 21% fat and 1.25% cholesterol)and 0.3 ml saline once a day, and the high-fat diet plus resveratrol group received a high-fat diet and resveratrol(22.4 mg/kg, dispersed in 0.3 ml saline)by gavage once a day.After 12 weeks, body weight and adipose tissues were measured.Plasma leptin concentrations were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and values for hypertrophic obesity-related indexes of mice were obtained by quantitative real-time PCR.Results:The body weight and the proportion of subcutaneous fat tissues were lower in the high-fat diet plus resveratrol group than in the high-fat diet group[(34.43±3.23)g vs.(53.16±2.16)g, (3.21±1.58)% vs.(4.86±0.64)%, P<0.01], and were similar to those in the normal diet group.Resveratrol had a more obvious inhibitory effect on leptin in elderly mice than in middle-aged mice.In elderly mice, the plasma leptin concentration was lower in the high-fat diet plus resveratrol group than in the high-fat diet group[(0.015±0.009)g/L vs.(0.100±0.027)g/L]and the normal diet group( F=19.85, P=0.001), and it was similar to that in the middle-aged mice on a normal diet.Resveratrol significantly increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ)and glucose transporter 4(GLUT4)and reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)( F=10.79, 9.31 and 7.02, P=0.003, 0.006 and 0.010). Conclusions:Resveratrol can significantly improve hypertrophic obesity in elderly mice, and the inhibition of leptin secretion and up-regulation of PPARγ may be the key mechanisms.

OBJECTIVE：To compare th e efficacy ，safety and economics of recombinant human follicle stimulating hormone （rFSH）and urin follicle stimulating hormone （uFSH）in the ovulation induction therapy for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer ，and to provide evidence-based evidence for rational use of rFSH in the clinic. METHODS ： Retrieved from PubMed ，Embase，the Cochrane Library ，CNKI，VIP，Wanfang database as well as professional health technology assessment（HTA）database，HTA，systematic review/Meta-analysis and economic studies were collected to compare the effects of rFSH versus urine FSH （uFSH）in ovulation induction for in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injectionembryo transfer （IVF/ICSI-ET）. After literature screening ，data extiaction and quality evaluation ，the conclusions of the included studies were summarized by using qualitative description. RESULTS ：A total of 7 literatures were included ，involving 2 systematic reviews/ Meta-analysis and 5 economic evaluations ，and no HTA report was retrieved. All the studies were reported from abroad. Systematic evaluation/Meta-analysis showed that the number of oocytes obtained in the rFSH group was higher than that in the uFSH group. There was no statistical significance in persistent pregnancy rate ，clinical pregnancy rate ，live birth rate ，abortion rate and the incidence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome （OHSS）between 2 groups（P＞0.05）. Economic research showed that rFSH may have cost-effective advantage. CONCLUSIONS ：Current available evidence support that rFSH has simialr efficacy and safety for ovulation induction of IVF/ICSI-ET ，and shows cost-effec- tiveness advantage.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy and feasibility of coronary artery calcium score ( CACS) on virtual non-contrast scan ( VNC) images obtained from coronary artery CT angiography ( CCTA) scan with dual －layer spectral detector CT (SDCT) ． Methods : The data of 197 patients who underwent CCTA scan in hospital were analyzed retrospectively，and 88 patients with CACS ＞0 were further analyzed． Linear regression analysis of CACS and coronary artery calcium volume ( CACV) of true non-contrast (TNC) images and VNC images ( CACS-TNC， CACS-VNC，CACV-TNC，CACV-VNC) was performed to obtain linear regression equation and correction coefficients λ 1AVG and λ2AVG ．CACS-VNC and CACV-VNC were corrected by the corresponding regression equation and recorded as CCACS-VNC and CCACV-VNC，respectively．Spearman correlation coefficient was used for correlation analysis and Bland-Altman plot was used for consistency test．Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the difference between the two groups. Results : For the total coronary artery，there was a strong correlation between CACS- TNC and CACS-VNC (rs = 0. 952，P ＜0. 001 ，λ 1AVG = 2. 19 ) ，CACV-TNC and CACV-VNC ( rs = 0. 954，P < 0. 001，λ2AVG = 1. 93) ．The results of Mann-Whitney U test showed that there was no significant difference between CACS-TNC and CCACS-VNC or between CACV-TNC and CCACV-VNC，and the Bland-Altman plot showed good consistency between CACS-TNC and CCACS-VNC ，CACV-TNC and CCACV-VNC． Conclusion VNC images based on SDCT can accurately measure CACS and be used for cardiovascular risk classification，which is expected to replace TNC scan and reduce the radiation dose of patients.

A series of 2-(((5-akly/aryl-1-pyrazol-3-yl)methyl)thio)-5-alkyl-6-(cyclohexylmethyl)-pyrimidin-4(3)-ones were synthesized and their anti-HIV-1 activities were evaluated. Most of these compounds were highly active against wild-type (WT) HIV-1 strain (IIIB) with EC values in the range of 0.0038-0.4759 μmol/L. Among those compounds, had an EC value of 3.8 nmol/L and SI (selectivity index) of up to 25,468 indicating excellent activity against WT HIV-1. anti-HIV-1 activity and resistance profile studies suggested that compounds and displayed potential anti-HIV-1 activity against laboratory adapted strains and primary isolated strains including different subtypes and tropism strains (ECs range from 4.3 to 63.6 nmol/L and 18.9-219.3 nmol/L, respectively). On the other hand, it was observed that those two compounds were less effective with EC values of 2.77 and 4.87 μmol/L for HIV-1A (K103N + Y181C). The activity against reverse transcriptase (RT) was also evaluated for those compounds. Both and obtained sub-micromolar IC values showing their potential in RT inhibition. The pharmacokinetics examination in rats indicated that compound has acceptable pharmacokinetic properties and bioavailability. Preliminary structure-activity relationships and molecular modeling studies were also discussed.