Objective To evaluate the changes and significance of lymphocyte subsets in the recipients with acute rejection after liver transplantation. Methods The recipients presenting with acute rejection after liver transplantation were assigned into the rejection group (n=17), and their counterparts with stable liver function were allocated into the control group (n=17) according to the ratio of 1∶1 by propensity score matching method. The incidence of acute rejection after liver transplantation was analyzed, and the concentration of tacrolimus in the recipients was compared between two groups. The absolute value and proportion of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood were compared between two groups. The diagnostic value of lymphocyte subsets for acute rejection after liver transplantation was assessed by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The absolute value and proportion of lymphocyte subsets in the rejection group were compared before and after treatment. Results Among 17 recipients in the rejection group, 4 cases developed acute rejection within postoperative 28 d, and 13 cases had acute rejection within postoperative 29-180 d. No significant difference was noted in the tacrolimus concentration between two groups (P=0.295). Compared with the control group, the proportions of peripheral blood T cells, CD4⁺T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) T cells were significantly increased in the rejection group (all P < 0.05). The elevated proportion of NKT cells in the early stage after liver transplantation was an independent risk factor for acute rejection following liver transplantation[odds ratio (OR) 1.774, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.059-2.971, P=0.029]. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under curve (AUC) of CD4⁺T cells, B cells and NKT cells was 0.76, 0.73 and 0.77, respectively. The AUC of combined use of CD4⁺T cells, B cells and NKT cells was 0.89, with a cut-off value of 0.69, sensitivity of 0.706 and specificity of 0.941. After corresponding treatment, all recipients were gradually recovered, and liver functions were eventually restored to normal in the rejection group. After treatment, the proportion of T cells, CD4⁺T cells, CD8⁺T cells and NK cells was significantly decreased (all P < 0.05). Conclusions The elevated proportion of NKT cells indicates an increased risk of acute rejection after liver transplantation. Combined use of CD4⁺T cells, B cells and NKT cells may deliver early detection and diagnosis of acute rejection after liver transplantation.

Objective:To explore the feasibility of applying BOPPPS (B-bridge in, O-objective, P-pre-assessment, P-participatory learning, P-post-assessment, S-summary) course design mode in the teaching of internal medicine practice for nursing undergraduates.Methods:A total of 73 nursing interns of Kunming Medical University were selected as subjects and divided into the experimental group ( n=30) and the control group ( n=43). The experimental group adopted the practice teaching method based on BOPPPS model, while the control group adopted the traditional teaching method. Students' evaluation was collected by questionnaire. The students' comprehensive reasoning ability, holistic nursing skills ability and clinical nursing evaluation ability were evaluated by taking out questions from the question bank. And the results of teachers' evaluation on the participation of case study and problem solving in the process of students' internship were collected. SPSS 20.0 was used for t-test. Results:The students' evaluation of the practice process in the experimental group (86.81±2.85) was significantly better than that in the control group (82.61±3.82) ( P<0.001). The experimental group was significantly better than the control group in comprehensive reasoning of clinical thinking and assessment of holistic nursing ability ( P <0.001). Teachers' evaluation in the experimental group was better than that in the control group ( P <0.05). The overall effect of the experimental group (20.60±1.73) was significantly better than that of the control group (17.84±1.70) ( P <0.001). Conclusion:BOPPPS mode is helpful for teachers to carry out and demonstrate holistic nursing teaching with symptoms as the core according to the overall teaching objectives of nursing internal medicine, optimize the time arrangement and knowledge structure, improve the practice efficiency, and promote the establishment of holistic nursing thinking mode of students.

Objective To investigate the guiding role of quantitative evaluation system of immune status in the individualized management of immunosuppressants for the recipients after liver transplantation. Methods Clinical data of 239 liver transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed. MingDao Immune Cell Analysis (MICA) was established. All recipients were divided into two groups according to the adjustment regimens of immunosuppressants. The immunosuppressant regimen was adjusted according to MingDao Immune System Score (MISS) in the MISS group (n=84), and the medication plan was empirically adjusted during the same period in the control group (n=155). According to the time of postoperative detection (t), the recipients in the MISS group were divided into subgroup A (t ≤ 28 d, n=78), subgroup B (28 d < t ≤ 6 months, n=68), subgroup C (6 months < t ≤ 12 months, n=18), subgroup D (12 months < t ≤ 24 months, n=18) and subgroup E (t > 24 months, n=19). In the MISS group, postoperative MISS scores of recipients in subgroups A-E were analyzed. The incidence of acute rejection and opportunistic infection and the overall survival rate were statistically compared between the MISS and control groups. Results The MISS scores in subgroups A-E were -7.0 (-13.2, -2.0), -2.0 (-5.8, 1.8), -0.5 (-7.3, 2.8), -2.0 (-4.5, 3.3) and -3.0 (-6.0, 1.0), respectively. The immune status of the recipients was gradually improved over postoperative time, and the difference between two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the MISS group, 15% (13/84) of the recipients developed acute rejection, and 27% (42/155) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the MISS group, the MISS score of the recipients with acute rejection was 0 (-2.5, 3.5), and -5.0 (-12.0, -1.0) for their counterparts without acute rejection, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the MISS group, 2% (2/84) of the recipients presented with postoperative opportunistic infection, and 9% (14/155) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). In the MISS group, the 1- and 3-year overall survival rates were 86.9% and 79.8%, and 83.2% and 76.8% in the control group, and no significant difference was observed between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions MICA and MISS score may reflect the immune status of liver transplant recipients, and guide the individualized management of administration of immunosuppressants after liver transplantation.

The gastrointestinal microbiome is the most important and complex microecosystem in the human microecosystem,which participates in a variety of physiological processes of the human body and is related to a variety of disease processes.In recent years,the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiome and gastrointestinal tumors has attracted the attention of scholars,and a series of studies have been carried out on the exploration of gastrointestinal microbiota as a new non-invasive biomarker.This article reviewed the relationship between gastrointestinal microbiome and the diagnosis,occurrence and treatment of gastrointestinal tumors through esophageal cancer,gastric cancer,colorectal cancer,gastrointestinal microbiome and tumor treatment,so as to provide new ideas for finding potential molecular targets for prevention,treatment and intervention of tumors.