Interleukin (IL) -17A plays a key role in the occurrence and development of psoriasis. To date, several marketed IL-17A and its receptor antagonists have been applied to the treatment of psoriasis, and definite therapeutic effects have been achieved. However, several adverse reactions, including upper respiratory tract infection, Candida infections, neutropenia, inflammatory bowel disease, which can be life-threatening, have been reported in clinical trials and after marketing of these biologics. This review summarizes clinical safety profiles of 3 types of interleukin-17A and its receptor antagonists, i.e., secukinumab, ixekizumab and brodalumab.

Objective To study the effect of Eclipta alba on learning and memory ability and brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF) in brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) model rats.Methods Healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,low dosage group and high dosage group.There were 10 rats in each group.The model of Alzheimer's disease was established with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose and microinjection Aβ25-35 on bilateral hippocampus.All rats were treated with saline solution or different dosage of Eclipta alba respectively lasting 8 weeks.Then the ability of learning and memory of AD rats was evaluated by the Morris water maze test.The levels of expression of BDNF in brain were determined by immunohistochemical staining method and Western Blot method.Results The Morris water maze test:the average escape latent period prolonged besides the percentage of the swimming time in the target quadrant from the total swimming time and the times across the platform((34.14± 1.43) s,(33.71±3.82) ％,(3.40±0.70) times) decreased significantly in model group compared with control group((18.83±0.62) s,(41.98±3.96) ％,(5.40± 1.17) times,P＜0.01).The average escape latent period shortened besides the percentage of the swimming time in the target quadrant from the total swimming time and the times across the platform increased significantly in high dosage group compared with the model group (P＜0.01).Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot:the level of expression of BDNF in brain in model group was prominently less than control group (P＜ 0.01).The BDNF level in drug treated groups was prominently higher than model group(P＜0.01).The expression of BDNF increased with the drug dosage increasing.Conclusion Eclipta alba can improve the learning and memory function of AD rats by enhance the expression of BDNF.

Objective:To explore the hemodynamic changes in aged patients with essential hypertension (EH).
Methods: Our research included 2 groups, EH group, n=180 patients and Control group, n=100 subjects without cardiovascular diseases. The relevant indexes were recorded and compared by BioZ.com noninvasive hemodynamic monitor between 2 groups.
Results: With statistic processing, the cardiac output/index (CO/CI), cardiac index, thoracic lfuid content (TFC), systemic vascular resistance/index (SVR/SVRI) were signiifcantly different between EH group and Control group, all P<0.05.
Conclusion: The hemodynamic changes exist at certain degree indicating the potential injury of cardiac function in aged EH patients, such changes might be helpful for clinical diagnosis and treatment in EH patients.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes in characteristics of blood gas analysis of heatstroke rats residing in dry-heat environment of desert, and to provide a theoretical reference for its treatment in clinic.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley (SD) adult rats under anesthesia were divided into six groups by random number table, with 8 rats in each group: namely mild, moderate, severe heatstroke groups and their corresponding control groups. The rats were placed in an artificial chamber with simulated desert dry-heat environment (temperature 41℃, humidity 10%) for about 70, 110, 145 minutes, respectively, to reproduce mild, moderate, severe heatstroke models. The rats in control groups were placed in a normothermic environment for corresponding duration. Abdominal aorta blood of each group was collected for blood gas analysis, and electrolytes were determined by a portable blood gas analyzer.Results① Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) in mild heatstroke group was increased to (45.64±8.19) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa), arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) was decreased to 0.84±0.08, pH value was lowered to 7.36±0.11, showing that respiratory acid-base imbalance was resulted. Base excess of extracellular fluid (BEecf) in moderate heatstroke group was decreased to (-3.00±0.76) mmol/L, HCO3- was decreased to (19.39±1.89) mmol/L, and pH value was lowered to 7.21±0.07, indicating that metabolic acid-base imbalance was aggravated gradually. The changes in parameters in severe heatstroke group gradually became more serious, and a significant difference was found as compared with those of mild and moderate heatstroke groups (PaCO2:F = 6.537,P = 0.006; SaO2:F = 5.174,P = 0.015; pH value:F = 10.736,P = 0.001;BEecf:F = 67.136,P = 0.000; HCO3-:F = 5.612,P = 0.011), manifesting an obvious combination of respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis, and a serious mixed acid-base disturbance was produced.② Compared with corresponding control groups, hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly increased in moderate heatstroke group (g/L: 15.31±1.84 vs. 13.28±0.94,t = 2.791,P = 0.014), Hb and hematocrit (HCT) in severe heatstroke group were significantly increased [Hb (g/L): 16.59±2.52 vs. 13.42±1.15,t = 3.224,P = 0.006; HCT: (53.50±6.63)% vs. (45.50±4.47)%,t = 2.828, P = 0.013], showing that the degree of dehydration was aggravated gradually from mild to serious degree.③ Serum sodium content in mild heatstroke group was normal (t = 0.665,P = 0.517), serum potassium content was lowered significantly (t = -2.526,P = 0.024); serum sodium content in moderate heatstroke group was increased significantly (t = 2.162,P = 0.048), serum potassium content was lowered significantly (t = -5.458,P = 0.000); and serum sodium content in severe heatstroke group rose obviously (U = 12.500,P = 0.038), and most of the rats showed hypokalemia, with a small proportion of rats showed obvious hyperkalemia (U = 19.500,P = 0.195).ConclusionsAcidosis, electrolyte disturbance, respiratory failure and dehydration in heatstroke occurred in dry-heat environment of desert. It indicates that resuscitation should focus on correction of respiratory acidosis, with simultaneous correction of metabolic acidosis, and one should be alert to correct dehydration and electrolyte disturbance. During the moderate phase and the serious phase, correction of aggravated metabolic acidosis should be reinforced, and the prevention and treatment of the severe dehydration and electrolyte disturbance should be undertaken actively.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between peripheral blood renal function indexes and brain frailty imaging score in patients with mild ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).Methods:Patients with mild ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from March 2018 to August 2019 were enrolled retrospectively. General clinical data and peripheral blood renal function indexes, including urea, uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), were collected. eGFR <60 ml/(min·1.73 m 2) was used to reflect chronic kidney disease. According to the findings of MRI examination, the imaging score of cerebral frailty was performed. When there were white matter lesions, brain atrophy and lacunar infarction/lacuna, 1 point was given, and the total score was 3. Ordinal multi-class logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between renal function indexes and brain frailty imaging score in patients with mild ischemic stroke or TIA. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between renal function indexes and brain frailty imaging score >1. Results:A total of 204 patients with mild ischemic stroke or TIA were enrolled during the study. Their average age was 64.82 years old and 78 (38.2%) were females. There were 28 cases (13.73%), 70 cases (34.31%), 63 cases (30.88%) and 43 cases (21.08%) with brain frailty imaging scores of 0, 1, 2, and 3, respectively. One hundred and six patients (51.96%) were in the brain frailty imaging score >1 group and 98 (48.04%) were in the ≤1 group. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, diabetes mellitus, eGFR, eGFR classification, homocysteine, intracranial vascular stenosis, stroke etiology classification and vascular distribution between the group with brain frailty imaging score >1 and those with brain frailty imaging score ≤1 (all P<0.05). Ordinal multi-class logistic regression analysis showed that urea (odds ratio [ OR] 0.67, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 0.51-0.89, P=0.005) and eGFR ( OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99; P=0.004) were significantly and independently correlated with brain frailty imaging score. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that eGFR was significantly and independently correlated with brain frailty imaging score >1 ( OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-1.00; P=0.016). However, urea, uric acid and eGFR classification were not independently correlated with brain frailty imaging score or brain frailty imaging score >1. Conclusion:Blood urea and eGFR are correlated with the brain frailty imaging score in patients with mild ischemic stroke or TIA.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate correlation between and agreement in light transmittance aggregation (LTA) and thromboelastography (TEG) in laboratory diagnosing aspirin resistance (AR), and to determine the prevalence of AR in old patients. METHODS: Patients in the Wanshoulu District of Beijing with ischemic atherothrombotic diseases were recruited. Inclusion criteria were age ≥ 65 years, and having received regular aspirin therapy (75-100 mg daily) for at least 4 weeks. On the basis of LTA assay, the definition of AR was taken as aggregation of ≥ 20% with AA (arachidonic acid), and of ≥ 70% with ADP (adenosine diphosphate). Aspirin-sensitivity was indicated by the absence of either of these criteria; aspirinsensitivity was indicated as both criteria being met. The definition of AR by TEG is ≥ 50% via AA-induced whole blood aggregation. RESULTS: There were 13.69% prevalence of aspirin resistance for LTA using AA as the agonist, 30.16% prevalence of aspirin resistance for LTA using ADP as the agonist, and 23.67% prevalence of aspirin resistance for TEG using AA as the agonist. Results from these tests showed poor agreement (Kappa<0.4). However, by the method of LTA using AA and ADP as the agonists, prevalence of AR was 8.35%. By methods of AA-induced LTA and AA-induced TEG, prevalence of AR was 8.82%. Results from these two latter methods showed good agreement (Kappa = 0.793). CONCLUSION Combined methods, as described here, have good correlation and agreement in the assays of AR, and the results with them represent a realistic measure of the prevalence of AR. Prevalence of AR of elderly patients from Wanshoulu district of Beijing is about 9%.
Aged ; Aspirin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; blood ; drug therapy ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; Drug Resistance ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Background::Antiretroviral therapy (ART) was often associated with dyslipidemia among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. This study aimed to assess treatment-na?ve adult male patients with HIV/AIDS who initiated ART with either co-formulated bictegravir, emtricitabine, and tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) or lamivudine, efavirenz, and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (3TC+EFV+TDF), monitoring at weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48.Methods::A case-control retrospective study was conducted. The newly diagnosed HIV-infected individuals attending the sexual transmission disease (STD)/AIDS clinic of Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, from January to December 2021. The patients were divided into BIC/FTC/TAF group or 3TC+EFV+TDF group. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) at different time points over 48 weeks between two groups were compared. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to identify relevant influencing factors for the population at high risk of increased LDL-C.Results::A total of 870 participants, with 510 in BIC/FTC/TAF group and 360 in 3TC+EFV+TDF group. There were no statistically significant differences in median age, baseline CD4/CD8 ratio, median body mass index (BMI) between the two groups. In both two groups, levels of TG, TC, and LDL-C were higher at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of treatment (all P <0.05), and there were no statistically significant differences at 48 weeks compared to those at baseline (all P >0.05). In addition, the differences in average changes of the level of TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C from weeks 4, 12, 24, and 48 to baseline between two groups were not statistically significant (all P >0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional risk model analysis showed that initiating ART with HIV RNA ≥10 5 copies/mL (compared with <10 5 copies/mL) was associated with an increased risk of elevated LDL-C (hazard ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.07-1.48, P = 0.005). Conclusions::Transient elevations in blood lipid levels (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C) were observed in treatment-na?ve adult male HIV/AIDS patients with BIC/FTC/TAF at 4 weeks, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks of treatment. However, these levels did not differ significantly from baseline after 48 weeks of treatment, regardless of whether patients were in the BIC/FTC/TAF or 3TC+EFV+TDF group.

Objective To explore the signal transduction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 6(SOCS6)and retinoic acid receptor related orphan nuclear receptor A(RORA)in patients with periodontitis expression of periodontal tissue,and analyze the prognosis of the patients with value.Methods A total of 224 patients with periodontitis who were treated in Jinan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July 2021 to Janu-ary 2023 were selected as the study group,and 224 patients who needed to extract healthy teeth due to ortho-dontic treatment to the Jinan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine outpatient were selected as the control group.The periodontal tissues were collected and the expression levels of SOCS6 and RORA in periodontal tissues were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The patients with periodontitis were followed up for 3 months,and according to the follow-up results,they were divided into good prognosis group(148 ca-ses)and poor prognosis group(76 cases).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the in-fluencing factors of poor prognosis in patients with periodontitis.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive value of SOCS6 and RORA expression levels in periodontal tissues for poor prognosis in patients with periodontitis.Results Compared with the control group,the expression levels of SOCS6 and RORA in the periodontal tissue of the study group were decreased(P＜0.05).A total of 224 patients with periodontitis were complete follow-up,the incidence of poor prognosis was 33.93％(76/224).The expression levels of SOCS6 and RORA in periodontal tissues of the poor prognosis group were lower than those of the good prognosis group(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the af-fected tooth located in the lower jaw,the affected tooth in the anterior teeth,the deepest probing depth of the affected tooth,the severity of periodontitis,the abnormal root morphology,the alveolar bone height,and the average attachment loss were the risk factors for the poor prognosis of patients with periodontitis(P＜0.05).The expression levels of SOCS6 and RORA in periodontal tissues were protective factors(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of SOCS6 and RORA alone in predicting poor prognosis of periodontitis patients was 0.833 and 0.829,respectively.The AUC of the combination of SOCS6 and RORA(0.914)was higher than that of SOCS6 and RORA alone(Z=3.659,3.408,P＜0.001).Conclusion The expression levels of SOCS6 and RORA in periodontal tissues of patients with poor prognosis of periodontitis are decreased.Both SOCS6 and RORA have a certain predictive effect on poor prognosis of patients with periodontitis,and the combina-tion of the two has a better predictive effect.

Background::Single-tablet regimen (STR) provides a convenient once-daily regimen for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we investigated the safety and tolerability of coformulated bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) as a three-drug, STR for post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in Chinese individuals.Methods::This was a prospective, open-label, single-arm trial conducted in a sexually transmitted diseases and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome clinic of a tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. Adults requiring PEP were prescribed BIC/FTC/TAF one pill once a day for 28 days. Clinical and laboratory data were collected and analyzed at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24.Results::Of 112 participants enrolled in the study, 109 (97.3%) were male and the mean age was 30 ± 8 years. PEP completion was 96.4% (95% confidence interval: 91.1-99.0%). Two participants stopped PEP after 2 days because the source partner was identified as HIV uninfected. One participant was excluded due to hepatitis B virus infection according to the exclusion criteria. One discontinued due to the participant’s decision. No participant acquired HIV through week 24. Adherence was 98.9% (standard deviation [SD]: 3.3%) by self-reporting and 98.5% (SD: 3.5%) by pill count. Only five participants experienced mild clinical adverse events attributed to the study drug (including headache, diarrhea, and nausea) and four participants had elevated serum creatinine (grade 1).Conclusions::A once daily, STR of BIC/FTC/TAF used as PEP was safe and well-tolerated with a high rate of completion and adherence in Chinese. BIC/FTC/TAF may be a good option for PEP.Trial Registration::ChiCTR.org.cn, ChiCTR2100048080