OBJECTIVE To compare the antibacterial drugs between the 2021 edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （WHO EMLc） and the 2018 edition of National Essential Medicines List of China （NEML）， and provide reference for the drug selection of Chinese essential medicine list for children.　METHODS By means of descriptive analysis， the similarities and differences in classification methods， special markers， the varieties， dosage forms and specifications were compared between WHO EMLc and NEML.　RESULTS WHO EMLc had strict limits and classifications on the antibacterial drugs， marked the age and weight of children who were restricted to use， and focused on the drug resistances and safety in children. In terms of varieties， there were 51 kinds of antibacterial drugs in NEML and 62 in WHO EMLc； 36 kinds of antibacterial drugs were both included in NEML and WHO EMLc； some antibacterial drugs， such as cloxacillin， procaine penicillin and ceftazidime avibactam， were listed in WHO EMLc but not in NEML. In terms of dosage forms， the dosage forms of antibacterial drugs included in WHO EMLc were more abundant and flexible， such as oral liquids， powder for oral liquids and scored tablets which were not included in NEML， and could improve the compliance of children’s medication and the accuracy of dosage. In terms of specifications， the total numbers of the specifications of antibacterial drugs both included in the two lists were close， but the specifications of some drugs included in NEML were more abundant， and the minimum specifications included in NEML were smaller. Although some of the unique antibacterial drugs included in WHO EMLc were listed in China， they could not be used in children due to the lack of drug data on children in China， such as clofazimine， bedaquinoline and delamanid.　CONCLUSIONS The antibacterial drugs included in NEML can not fully meet the medication needs of children in China. WHO EMLc has certain advantage and rationality as a special list for children. The relevant departments in China can learn from the excellent experience of WHO EMLc， improve the information of pediatric medication of NEML and launch Chinese Essential Medicine List for Children as soon as possible.

OBJECTIVE To compare the dosage forms and specifications of over-the-counter drug （OTC）（chemical drugs ） for children at home and abroad ，and to provide reference for the addition of new dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in China . METHODS Data analysis was used to comb the active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China . The similarities and differences of the dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children with the same active ingredients among China and 8th edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （WHO EMLc ）and US/UK/EU （this article refers specifically to EU countries ）/Japan were analyzed by comparative analysis . RESULTS There were 72 active ingredients of OTC single -ingredient preparation for children in China ，corresponding to 34 dosage forms and 216 specifications； 39 same active ingredients of OTC for children were retrieved in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，corresponding to 38 dosage forms and 258 specifications. Among OTC for children corresponding to 39 active ingredients ，there were 10 unique dosage forms in China ，and 16 unique dosage forms in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which some dosage forms have advantages for children（such as chewing gums ，gels for external use ，spray for oral liquid ，etc.），were included in the latter while not included in China . There were 107 unique specifications in China ，and 214 unique specifications in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan ，of which the division of applicable age groups for specifications was more detailed . In addition ，the dosage forms and specifications corresponding to a few active ingredients （such as ibuprofen ，cetirizine hydrochloride ）were not included in OTC for children in China， while included in UK/EU . CONCLUSIONS The dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children in WHO EMLc and US/UK/EU/Japan are generally more abundant and E-mail：zjfyouyou@163.com flexible than in China . Relevant departments in China should learn from the advanced experience of WHO and foreign countries and increase the research and development of dosage forms and specifications of OTC for children .