BACKGROUNDThe plasma concentration of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) is negatively correlated to renal function in glomerular diseases. Effects of VLDL on renal function have been partially attributed to the proliferation of mesangial cells. This study examined the potential role of the p42/44 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) in mesangial cell proliferation induced by VLDL.

METHODSMesangial cells were treated with VLDL at different concentrations or for different time. The cell cycle of the mesangial cells was analyzed by XTT assay and flow-cytometry; MAPK activity was also assayed. In some experiments, cells were treated with VLDL together with or without 0.1 µmol/L PD 98059.

RESULTSTen to 500 µg/ml VLDL stimulated the proliferation of mesangial cells cultured in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect was associated with an increase in p42/44 MAPK activity. Increased proliferation of mesangial cells by VLDL was significantly attenuated by PD98059, a specific p42/44 MAPK inhibitor.

CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that the p42/44 MAPK pathway is an important regulator of mesangial cell proliferation and of renal functions.

Animals ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Lipoproteins, VLDL ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mesangial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1 ; metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Township and Village Health Services Integration Management (TVHSIM) is an essential form of China's two-tiered health service integration plan at the township and village level.Its main purpose,also one of the target goals in China's new healthcare reform,is to gradually integrate rural health services and appropriately allocate rural health resources.This study aims to assess the village doctors' satisfaction with the TVHSIM and provide scientific base to further improve TVHSIM.A cross-sectional study was carried out in which 162 village doctors from Qinghai,Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in western China were interviewed.Descriptive analysis,independent t-test,one-way ANOVA,Spearman rank correlation and multiple linear regression were used to analyze the difference and relevance between village doctors' personal characteristics and their satisfaction with TVHSIM and six subscales.Village doctors with different years of practice,social insurance status and essential medical knowledge level showed statistically significant differences in their satisfaction levels (all P＜0.05).Age (P＜0.05) and years of practice (P＜0.01) were negatively correlated with Drug and Medical Device Management and Financing Management.Essential medical knowledge level (P＜0.05) was negatively correlated with Operations Management as well.However,social insurance status (P＜0.05) was positively correlated with Human Resources Management and Drug and Medical Device management.Gender,age and years of practice respectively had significant influence on village doctors' satisfaction with TVHSIM (P＜0.01).In conclusion,in order to further promote TVHSIM policy in rural China,a well-rounded social insurance model for village doctors is urgently needed.In addition,the development of TVHSIM is regionally imbalanced.Efficient and effective measures aiming at rationalizing gender and age structure and enhancing essential medical training should be carefully considered.

Objective To discuss the effect of community intervention on visual analogue scale ( VAS ) , Oswestry disability index ( ODI ) and frequency of drug use in patients with lumbar degenerative disease ( LDD) .Methods Forty-one patients with LDD were applied with 3 months of community intervention , self-made DV on health guide and handbook on rehabilitation training were handed out , community lecture was carried out and telephone interview was conducted .VAS and ODI were used to evaluate patients ’ pain and function of lumbar vertebra , and the frequency of drug use was collected 3 months before and after the intervention.Results The correct rate of training on lumbar posture and dorsal muscles was 92.68% after the intervention, higher than 17.07% before the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =47.33,P<0.001).The score of VAS on lumbar and VAS on lower limbs , the frequency of drug use and the score of ODI was respectively (2.65 ±0.82),(2.60 ±1.01),(1.51 ±0.71),(10.95 ±4.52) before intervention, and (2.05 ±0.69),(1.94 ±0.87),(0.98 ±0.57),(8.46 ±3.49)after the intervention, with statistically significant differences (t=6.82,7.07,6.81,9.87, respectively; P <0.00).Conclusions Community intervention can promote the improvement of symptoms and recovery of body function for patients with LDD .

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical efficacy of 's external treatment combined with long-snake moxibustion at the governor vessel for neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury. METHODS: A total of 64 patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, 32 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were treated with routine acupuncture and rehabilitation of bladder function; based on the treatment in the control group, the patients in the observation group were treated with 's external treatment combined with long-snake moxibustion at the governor vessel, twice a week for 8 weeks. Urodynamic test, including residual urine volume (RUV), maximum flow rate of urination (Qmax), bladder pressure at filling phase (Pves), maximum detrusor pressure (Pdet-max) and maximum urinary bladder volume (VMCC), was performed before and after 8-week treatment. RESULTS: The urodynamic indexes in the two groups were improved compared with before treatment (<0.01, <0.05); after treatment, VMCC in the observation group was significantly higher than the control group (<0.01), while RUV and Pves in the observation group were significantly lower than the control group (<0.05). After treatment, there was no significant difference in Qmax and Pdet-max between the two groups (>0.05). CONCLUSION Based on routine acupuncture and rehabilitation of bladder function, 's external treatment combined with long-snake moxibustion at the governor vessel could effectively improve urodynamic indexes, reduce residual urine, reduce bladder pressure and increase the maximum capacity of bladder, thereby improving bladder compliance and bladder function.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; methods ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; therapy ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVETo study the differential patterns of gene expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy subjects using DNA microarray analysis.

METHODST2DM patiens were divided into female group, young male group and old male group. DNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were carried out to analyze the relation between gene expressions and T2DM.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression of 298, 578, and 350 genes was changed in the skeletal muscle of diabetes mellitus patients compared with control subjects. The 1320, 1143, and 2847 genes were modified in adipose tissue of the three groups. Among the genes surveyed, the change of 25 and 39 gene transcripts in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was > or = 2 folds. These differentially expressed genes were classified into 15 categories according to their functions.

CONCLUSIONNew genes are found and T2DM can be prevented or cured.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Alzheimer Disease/genetics* ; Animals ; Apolipoprotein E4/metabolism* ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Male ; Noise/adverse effects* ; Rats

Primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease involving exocrine glands. Current studies have found that the occurrence of the disease is closely related to genetic, environmental and neuroendocrine factors, as well as abnormal activation of T and B lymphocytes. The etiology and pathogenesis of pSS is complex, and there is a lack of specific targeted drugs. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) have been comprehensively investigated for their treatment effects on pSS. Through a systematic review of the literature, we summarized the TCMs used to treat pSS, and find that there are four major ways that TCMs are used, including upregulation of aquaporin proteins, suppression of cell apoptosis, suppression of the abnormal activation of B lymphocytes and suppression of the abnormal activation of T lymphocytes (balancing T helper type [Th]1/Th2 & Th17/Treg and suppressing follicular helper T [Tfh] cells). However, there are not enough data about the active constituents, quality control, pharmacokinetics, toxicity and modern preparations of these TCMs; therefore, more investigations are needed. This paper highlights the importance of TCMs for treating pSS and provides guidance for future investigations.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the types and laboratory characteristics of non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL) with bone marrow invasion as the first manifestation. METHODS: 81 non-Hodgkin lymphoma patients with bone marrow invasion as the first manifestation treated in our hospital from January 2010 to July 2019 were selected. The clinical features, blood routine, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), EB virus results, bone marrow features, immunophenotyping, gene and genetic characteristics of all patients were analyzed retrospectivel. RESULTS: Among 81 patients, 73 cases(90%) were B-cell lymphoma, 5 cases(6%) were T-cell lymphoma and 3 cases(4%) were NK/T-cell lymphoma, while the mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma were the highest, which accounted for 21%(17 cases) and 19.7%(16 cases), and lymphoma accounted for 8.6%(7 cases). There were 44 cases(54.3%) showed B symptoms, 65 cases (80.2%) showed abnormal blood routine. The MYD88 gene was detected in 5 of 17 cases. 25 cases of patients underwent chromosome examination, the result showed that 5 cases were t(8; 14) (q24; q32), 3 cases were complex karyotype and 17 cases were normal karyotype. 23 cases(23.4%) were EB virus positive, 42 cases(51.9%) were LDH increased. The proportion of bone marrow lymphoma cells was 1%-92%. Among them, 32 cases were diagnosed as lymphoma leukemia, and 6 cases of bone marrow lymphoma cells showed mass distribution similar to extramedullary tumor cells with bone marrow metastasis. CONCLUSION B-cell lymphoma is the predominant NHL with bone marrow invasion as the first manifestation, while mantle cell lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma are the most common pathological types with blood routine abnormalities. Bone marrow lymphoma cells can also present clusters of bone marrow metastasis, different types of lymphoma cells can make directional diagnosis.
Adult ; Bone Marrow ; Humans ; Laboratories ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin

The present study explored the underlying mechanism of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma-Paridis Rhizoma(AR-CR-PR) in the treatment of colorectal cancer(CRC) by network pharmacology and molecular docking and animal tests and verified the core targets based on the orthotopic transplantation model in nude mice. The active components of AR-CR-PR were retrieved from databases such as TCMSP. The targets of drugs and the disease were obtained from PubChem, SwissTargetPrediction, TTD, and DrugBank, and the intersection targets were imported into STRING for the analysis of the protein-protein interaction(PPI). Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analyses were performed through DAVID. AutoDock Vina was used to perform molecular docking and binding ability prediction between the active components and the core targets. The effects of AR-CR-PR on tumor growth, metastasis, and phosphorylation of core target proteins in tumor tissues based on the orthotopic transplantation model in nude mice. As revealed by network pharmacology, AR-CR-PR contained nine core components, such as quercetin, curcumin, and β-ecdysone, and the key targets included protein kinase B(AKT1), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3(MAPK3), MAPK1, and epithelial growth factor receptor(EGFR), which was indicated that the anti-CRC effect of AR-CR-PR was presumedly achieved by regulating tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and angiogenesis through PI3 K-AKT, MAPK and other signaling pathways. The results of molecular docking showed that the nine core components had strong binding abilities to AKT1 and MAPK3. The results in vivo showed that AR-CR-PR could reduce the volume of the orthotopic tumor, inhibit liver metastasis, and decrease the phosphorylation of AKT1 and MAPK3 in the CRC model. The mechanism of AR-CR-PR in the intervention of CRC may be related to the activation of PI3 K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathway. This study provides a scientific basis for the clinical application of AR-CR-PR in the treatment of CRC and ideas for modern research on AR-CR-PR.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Molecular Docking Simulation ; Neoplasms ; Network Pharmacology ; Rhizome

Objective:To explore the possible mechanism of Astragali Radix-Curcumae Rhizoma （AC） in inhibiting tumor growth in the orthotopic transplantation model of colon cancer in mice. Method:The molecular docking technology was used to predict the intermolecular interaction between the main active components of AC and the pathway target proteins， such as stromal cell-derived factor-1 （SDF-1）， C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 （CXCR4）， and nuclear factor kappa-B p65 （NF-κB p65）. The orthotopic transplantation model of CT26.WT colon cancer was established in mice for in vivo experimental verification. Sixty BALB/c male mice were randomly divided into a sham operation group， a model group， a 5-fluorouracil （5-Fu， 30 mg·kg^-1） group，and low- （0.32 g·kg^-1）， medium- （0.64 g·kg^-1）， and high-dose （1.28 g·kg^-1） AC groups， with 10 mice in each group. The sham operation group and the model group received normal saline by gavage. The corresponding drugs were administered by gavage in the 5-Fu group and by intraperitoneal injection in the AC groups. After intervention for 15 days， the tumor in situ was completely stripped， and the colon tissues 5-6 cm in length adjacent to the tumor were taken. The tumor volume was measured and calculated. The pathological changes of tumor tissues and colon tissues were observed by Hematoxylin-Eosin （HE） staining. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression of SDF-1， CXCR4， p-NF-κB p65 in colon tissues. Western blot and Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） were used to detect SDF-1， CXCR4， NF-κB p65， Cyclin D₁， oncogene c-Myc protein and mRNA expression in tumor tissues. Result:Compared with the model group， 5-Fu and AC groups showed reduced tumor volumes in situ （P<0.05， P<0.01）， with the tumor inhibition rate in the 5-Fu group as high as （61.38±2.34）%. The tumor-inhibiting effect was optimal in the medium-dose AC group， with the tumor inhibition rate of （43.43±3.71）%. Compared with the model group， 5-Fu and AC groups showed relieved pathological changes of tumor and colon tissues. Specifically， AC down-regulated the protein expression levels of SDF-1， CXCR4， and p-NF-κB p65 in colon tissues （P<0.01）， and down-regulated the protein and mRNA expression levels of SDF-1， CXCR4， NF-κB p65， Cyclin D₁， and c-Myc in tumor tissues （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Conclusion:AC can inhibit the growth of orthotopic transplantation tumor of colon cancer， and its intervention mechanism may be related to the regulation of related protein and mRNA expression in the SDF-1/CXCR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.