Objective To study the molecular mechanism of interleukin 25 (IL-25)expression in the lung of asthmatic rats.Methods The expressions of IL-25 mRNA and protein in the lungs were detected by Real-time PCR and ELISA,respectively.The levels of IL-25 mRNA and protein were detected by ovalbumin (OVA)in human bronchial epithelial cells.And the transcription factors that regulate IL-2 5 expression were explored through site prediction.Results The expressions of IL-25 mRNA and protein in the lung of OVA-induced asthma rats were significantly increased during animal experiments.Cell experiments showed that OVA could increase the expression of IL-2 5 in human bronchial epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner,and OVA could upregulate the expression of transcription factor AP1.AP1 was found in the promoter region of IL-25 by site prediction.The AP1 inhibitor (T5224)significantly reduced the expression of IL-25 in OVA-induced human bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusion The molecular mechanism of IL-25 expression induced by OVA in asthma is related to the increase of transcription factor AP1 .

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathologic features, immunophenotypes and differential diagnoses of invasive carcinoma arising in breast microglandular adenosis (MGACA).

METHODSClinical and pathologic findings of 3 cases of MGACA were analyzed by histomorphology and immunohistochemical staining of CK7, S-100 protein, ER, PR, HER2, SMA, MSA, p63 and PAS. Literatures were reviewed.

RESULTS(1) Histologically, 3 tumors all showed a spectrum of glandular proliferations ranging from microglandular adenosis (MGA) to atypical microglandular adenosis (AMGA) to in situ carcinoma (DCIS) to invasive carcinoma. The invasive carcinoma component was ductal in case 1, and matrix-producing in case 2 and case 3. (2) All epithelial cells in MGA, AMGA, DCIS and MGACA were positive for CK7 and S-100 protein, but were negative for ER and HER2. PR was negative in case 1 and case 2 but was low positive in case 3. Myoepithelial cell differentiation was not demonstrated in MGA, AMGA, DCIS and MGACA by immunohistochemical staining for SMA, MSA or p63. PAS staining showed the presence of basement membrane in MGA, AMGA and DCIS, except MGACA.

CONCLUSIONSMGACA is an extremely rare tumor of the breast and has distinct morphological and immunohistochemical features. Further studies are needed to evaluate the clinical behavior of this rare neoplasm.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Disease Progression ; Female ; Fibrocystic Breast Disease ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Middle Aged ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Receptors, Progesterone ; metabolism ; S100 Proteins ; metabolism

To study the liver histopathological features that are distinctive between chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection patients who have normal serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/asparatate aminotransferase (AST) and those with mildly elevated serum ALT/AST. One-hundred-and-thrity-four chronic HBV infection patients with normal serum ALT/AST and 165 chronic HBV infection patients with mildly elevated serum ALT/AST were included in the study. Liver biopsies were performed and used to assess the histological changes by hematoxylin-eosin and reticular fiber staining; mild to severe scoring for inflammation was made as grade G0-G4 and for fibrosis stage as S0-S4. HBV DNA levels were detected by fluorescent quantitative PCR. HBV serological markers were examined by chemiluminescence. The mildly elevated serum ALT/AST group had more male patients than the normal serum ALT/AST group. In the normal serum ALT/AST group, 50.0% (67/134) of the patients had moderate histological changes and only 3.0% (4/134) had severe changes (G3-4 and/or S3-4). In the mildly elevated ALT/AST group, 65.7% (174/265) of patients had moderate histological changes and 16.2% (43/265) had severe changes (G3-4 and/or S3-4). Hepatic inflammation and fibrosis were significantly more severe in the mildly elevated serum ALT/AST group than in the normal ALT/AST group (x2 = 26.386, P less than 0.01; x2 = 15.299, P less than 0.01). In the normal ALT/AST group, the severity of inflammation and fibrosis were positively correlated with age (rs = 0.620, P less than 0.01; rs = 0.347, P less than 0.01). In the mildly elevated ALT/AST group, the severity of inflammation and fibrosis were negatively correlated with age (rs = -0.807, P less than 0.01; rs = -0.557, P less than 0.01). In both groups, the severity of inflammation and fibrosis were negatively correlated with HBV DNA levels (rs = -0.215, P less than 0.01, rs = -0.527, P less than 0.01, rs = -0.951, P less than 0.01; rs = -0.715, P less than 0.01) and were not positively correlated with HBeAg. The majority of the chronic HBV infection patients with normal serum ALT/AST and those with mildly elevated serum ALT/AST had moderate liver pathological changes. All patients with low HBV DNA levels were closely followed-up, regardless of HBeAg-positive status.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Biopsy, Needle ; Child ; DNA, Viral ; blood ; Fatty Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; blood ; pathology ; virology ; Humans ; Liver ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore early diagnosis, treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding after cardiac surgery.

METHODSIn the last 13 years, cases complicated with GI bleeding after cardiac surgeries were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSFourty-four GI bleeding occurred post-operatively in (6 +/- 3) d. The mortality was 23% (10/44). Thirty-eight were located in upper GI tract, of them 26 underwent conservative therapy while 4 died of other than GI bleeding cause; six underwent laparotomy while 1 and 3 died of septicemia and multi-organ failure respectively; six underwent gastric endoscopic hemostasis by electrocautery or clipping the bleeding vessel while all survived. Six were located in lower GI tract, and 2 of them underwent laparotomy without finding bleeding section and died of multi-organ failure. By multivariable logistic regression analysis, deaths were highly related to the post-operative ventilator-dependence, acute renal insufficiency, intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) assisting and laparotomy.

CONCLUSIONThe mortality of GI bleeding after cardiac surgeries is very high, early gastrointestinal endoscopic examination and minimally invasive intervention can treat this complication more effectively. GI bleeding must be prevented whenever complicating post-operative ventilator-dependence, acute renal insufficiency, and IABP assisting after cardiac surgery.

Adult ; Aged ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; adverse effects ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage ; diagnosis ; etiology ; mortality ; therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo investigate the severity related influencing factor and treatment strategy of severe acute pancreatitis with early organ dysfunction.

METHODSFrom July 2007 to December 2008, 167 patients with severe acute pancreatitis were treated in the Surgical Department of Ruijin Hospital. The relationships between the happening of early organ dysfunction and outcome of the patients were observed, with operative or nonoperative treatment strategy.

RESULTSAmong 167 patients, 68 patients have early organ dysfunction, in which 39 with single organ dysfunction and 29 with multiple organ dysfunction. The early organ dysfunction were involved in 47.1% in cardiovascular system, 35.3% in lung and 29.4% in kidney. Aging (P < 0.05) and higher APACHE II score (P < 0.05) predicted a poor prognosis, which were benefit from early operation.

CONCLUSIONSThe mortality of the patients with SAP is related to age, and the degree of organ dysfunction as well. In the first phase of the disease, the selection of operation depends on the trends and the degree of early organ dysfunction before infected necrosis happens, with the aid of SOFA score as a scale.

Acute Disease ; Aging ; Humans ; Multiple Organ Failure ; Pancreatitis ; diagnosis ; Prognosis

BACKGROUNDRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an uncommon malignancy of the breast. The aim of this study was to summarize its clinicopathologic features and biological behavior.

METHODSFive primary or secondary breast RMSs were collected. Their clinicopathological characteristics and all published literature about breast RMS were reviewed. Immunohistochemical study of desmin, myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD1), myogenin, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), vimentin, cytokeratin (AE1/AE3), E-cadherin, neuron specific enolase (NSE), CD99, chorioallantoic membrane 5.2 (CAM5.2) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) expression were performed.

RESULTSThe five patients were all female with ages ranging from 16 to 46 years old (mean, 30 years). Three were metastatic breast RMSs, two embryonal and one solid variant alveolar, with the primary tumor sites the right labium majus, left nasal meatus and nasopharynx, respectively. The other two, one embryonal and one alveolar, were primaries. Grossly, the surgical specimens revealed round or oval, well-demarcated but nonencapsulated masses. Their cut surfaces consisted of homogeneous grayish yellow or white tissue. Microscopically, most tumor cells were poorly differentiated small round, oval or small polygons with eosinophilic cytoplasm. All cases were positive for vimentin, desmin, MyoD1 and myogenin. One embryonal RMS also had a few cells with perinuclear staining of AE1/AE3. The other markers were negative.

CONCLUSIONSAlthough primary or metastatic RMS in breast was almost confined to young adolescent females, our cases suggested that it can also happen to the middle-aged women. Embryonal RMS has a certain metastatic potential. MyoD1 and myogenin are two useful markers when making differential diagnosis. Axillary lymph node status and age may play a role in the prognosis of primary breast RMS patients.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Middle Aged ; Rhabdomyosarcoma ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) histogram analysis in hepatic fibrosis staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six rats were divided into carbon tetrachloride-induced fibrosis groups (6 rats per group for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks) and a control group (n = 12). MRI was performed using a 3T scanner. Histograms of DKI were obtained for corrected apparent diffusion (D), kurtosis (K) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). Mean, median, skewness, kurtosis and 25th and 75th percentiles were generated and compared according to the fibrosis stage and inflammatory activity. RESULTS: A total of 35 rats were included, and 12, 5, 5, 6, and 7 rats were diagnosed as F0–F4. The mean, median, 25th and 75th percentiles, kurtosis of D map, median, 25th percentile, skewness of K map, and 75th percentile of ADC map demonstrated significant correlation with fibrosis stage (r = −0.767 to 0.339, p < 0.001 to p = 0.039). The fibrosis score was the independent variable associated with histogram parameters compared with inflammatory activity grade (p < 0.001 to p = 0.041), except the median of K map (p = 0.185). Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve of D were larger than K and ADC maps in fibrosis staging, although no significant differences existed in pairwise comparisons (p = 0.0512 to p = 0.847). CONCLUSION: Corrected apparent diffusion of DKI histogram analysis provides added value and better diagnostic performance to detect various liver fibrosis stages compared with ADC.
Animals ; Carbon ; Diagnosis* ; Diffusion* ; Fibrosis* ; Liver ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Rats ; ROC Curve

Objective To investigate the abnormalities of gray matter volume in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients relative to controls using the method of voxel-based morphometry (VBM), and to analyze the extent of change relative to clinical symptom. Methods Using VBM to compare the MRI images of 31 adult OCD patients with 31 healthy controls. Correlation analyses were conducted between the structural abnormalities of gray matter volume in each brain area among patients relative to their clinical scores. Results Compared with the healthy controls, the OCD patients showed reductions of gray matter volume in left putamen, insula, premotor area, superior parietal and right angular gyrus (P<0.01, Alphasim corrected). The gray matter volumes of left putamen and insular in the OCD patients showed a negative correlation with the Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) scores. Conclusion The changes in gray matter volumes of left putamen, insula, premotor area, superior parietal lobule and right angular gyrus may be related to the pathogenesis of OCD. The declines of left putamen and insula are related to the abnormal anxiety in the OCD patients.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether ultrafine particulates (UFPs) have direct deleterious effects on cardiac function through activating MAPK signaling. METHODS: Langendorff-perfused Sprague-Dawley rat hearts were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=10/each group). In control group, the rat hearts were perfused with Tyrode's buffer for 40 min; in UFPs-treated group, the hearts were perfused with UFPs at a concentration of 12.5 mg/L. Cardiac function was determined by measuring left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), left ventricular peak rate of contraction and relaxation (±dp/dt_max) and coronary flow (CF). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total anti-oxidant capacity (TAOC) were detected in order to evaluate cardiac oxidative stress via the thiobarbituric acid assay, water soluble tetrazolium salt assay and colorimetry, respectively. The expressions of p-p38 MAPK, p-ERKs and p-JNKs in the myocardium were observed using immunohistochemical staining and Western blots. RESULTS: No significant changes in cardiac function were detected before and after the perfusion in control group while UFPs perfused hearts showed a decline in cardiac function in a time-dependent manner (all P < 0.05). In UFPs-treated group, LVDP, +dp/dt_max, -dp/dt_max and CF were statistically reduced from (82.6±2.1) mmHg, (1 624±113) mmHg/s, (1 565±116) mmHg/s, (12.0±0.2) mL/min to (56.8±4.4) mmHg, (1 066±177) mmHg/s, (1 082±134) mmHg/s, (8.7±0.3) mL/min (all P < 0.05), respectively. Furthermore, The comparison between the two groups observed that UFPs perfusion caused a significant decrease in cardiac function at 30 and 40 min compared with the control group (all P < 0.05). At the end of the perfusion, the level of MDA was increased from (0.98±0.14) nmol/L to (1.95±0.18) nmol/L, while SOD and TAOC were reduced from (12.50±1.87) U/mL and (6.83±1.16) U/mL to (6.50 ±1.04) U/mL and (3.67±0.82) U/mL (all P < 0.001) in UFPs group, respectively. In coincidence with these changes, immunohistochemistry and Western blots results showed that the levels of p-p38 MAPK, p-ERKs and p-JNKs in the myocardium significantly increased in UFPs group as compared with control group (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrated that the short-term exposure of UFPs to the isolated rat hearts has direct and acute toxic effects on cardiac function, probably related to attenuation of anti-oxidative capacity and activation of MAPK signaling pathways.
Animals ; Heart ; Malondialdehyde/metabolism* ; Myocardium ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

In the outbreak of COVID-19,triage procedures based on epidemiology were implemented in a local hospital in Changsha to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and avoid healthcare-associated infection.This re-trospective study analyzed the data collected during the triage period and found that COVID-19 patients were en-riched 7 folds into the Section A designated for patients with obvious epidemiological history.On the other side,nearly triple amounts of visits were received at the Section B for patients without obvious epidemiological history.8 COVID-19 cases were spotted out of 247 suspected patients.More than 50％of the suspected patients were submi-tted to multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Of the 239 patients who were diagnosed as negative of the virus infection,188 were successfully revisited and none was reported as COVID-19 case.Of the 8 COVID-19 patients,3 were confirmed only after multiple rounds of nucleic acid analysis.Besides comorbidities,delayed sharing of epidemiological history added complexity to the diagnosis in practice.The triaging experience and strategy will be helpful for the control of infectious diseases in the future.