Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of urine neutrophil gelatinase apolipoprotein (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) as markers of CIN,and the effectiveness of hydration therapy in the prevention of CIN.Methods One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into control group and treatment group.The patients of treatment group received hydration therapy through intravenous fluid infusion.Urine samples were taken for detecting the value of albumin (mAlb),NGAL,and KIM-1 before surgery (T0),after surgery 12 h (T1),24 h (T2),48 h (T3),72 h (T4) by ELISA assay.The levels of urinary mAlb,Scr,BUN and cystatin C were detected at the same time.Results (1) The urine NGAL/Cr and KIM-1/Cr significantly increased and were more than twice the baseline value at the time of 12 h after PCI in 87 of 120 cases of the participants.There are eight cases occurred CIN (6.67％) and one case occurred in hydration treatment group (1.7％),seven cases were in control group (11.7％).The difference was statistically significant.(2) There were no significant difference in BUN,Scr,mAlb/Cr,Cys-C and GFR between two gToUps (P ＞ 0.05).(3) NGAL/Cr,KIM-1/Cr were elevated at T1 in both groups (P ＜ 0.01).In hydration treatment group,levels of NGAL/Cr and KIM-1/Cr decreased substantially to the level of T0 at T4(P ＜ 0.01),while in the control group they didn't.(4) Area under the ROC curve (AUC) of NGAL/Cr and KIM-1/Cr 12 h after PCI were 0.931 [95％ CI (0.889,0.973)] and 0.811 [95％ CI(0.736,0.886)] respectively (all P＜0.05).Conclusions NGAL and KIM-1 are sensitive and specific indicators for predicting early renal injury induced by contrast medium and can be used for early diagnosis of CIN.Hydration therapy can prevent the contrast agent-induced renal damage.

Objective: To understand the epidemiological and clinical features of patients with hemorrhagic fever and renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shenzhen, and to accumulate experience in the diagnosis and treatment of HFRS in this area. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted by collecting the clinical data from 46 patients who were confirmed with HFRS and admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases of Shenzhen People's Hospital from January 2015 to December 2018. The demographic characteristics, epidemiological, clinical manifestations, examinations, treatments and prognosis, and other characteristics were analyzed. Results: All the 46 patients with HFRS were residens in Shenzhen, with a male-to-female ratio of 6.67∶1.00(40∶6), aged (40.18 ± 15.63) years old, and 38 patients (82.61%) aged 23-45 years old. There were 41 patients (89.13%) with a history of HFRS epidemiology, and there were mice in their houses or workplaces. The houses of 39 patients (84.78%) were rented, and 34 patients(87.18%) rented their houses in urban villages. There were morbidity throughout the year, and 33 patients (71.74%) were ill from January to June. In clinical classification, 44 cases (95.65%) were mild, 2 cases (4.35%) were medium, and there were no severe or critical cases. The clinical manifestations were that all patients were hospitalized due to fever mainly with hyperthermia. Thirty-nine patients (84.78%) were presented with systemic aches, headaches, low back pain and eyelid pain, and 28 patients (60.87%) had skin and mucous membrane hyperemia flushing. Clinical stages showed that all patients had pyretogenesis stage and polyuria stage, including pyretogenesis stage [(7.34 ± 6.82) d], polyuria stage [(9.94 ± 5.77) d], only 4.35% (2/46) patients with hypotension shock stage, all patients did not have oliguric stage. On the next day of admission, the number of white blood cells in 46 patients was (8.17 ± 3.19) × 10⁹/L, and 38 cases (82.61%) in the normal range; platelet was (61.92 ± 32.53) × 10⁹/L, and 42 cases (91.30%) were decreased; the procalcitonin was (1.62 ± 0.38) ng/ml, and 41 cases (89.13%) were increased; C-reactive protein was (74.33 ± 30.48) mg/L, and 46 patients (100.00%) were elevated; creatinine was (176.25 ± 55.15) μmol/L, and 19 cases (41.30%) were increased. Abnormal liver function was manifested by increased enzymology, alanine aminotransferase was (137.58 ± 46.76) U/L, and aspartate aminotransferase was (129.82 ± 40.29) U/L. All patients were positive for Hantavirus IgM. B-ultrasound results showed that in 58.70% (27/46) patients, both kidneys were plump and the parenchymal echo was enhanced. Liver injury occurred in 39 patients (84.78%) and sinus bradycardia in 2 patients (4.35%). All the 46 patients were clinically cured. Conclusion The epidemiological characteristics of patients with HFRS in Shenzhen are typical, the clinical manifestations are mild, and the curative effect and prognosis are good.