BACKGROUND:For a long time, the myocardium of adult mammalians is the terminal y differentiated tissue with no regeneration capacity. If damaged, myocardial cells wil be replaced by fibrous connective tissue. OBJECTIVE:To rediscover the myocardial cells and to do a review for cardiac stem cells, in order to define the existence of myocardial cells. METHODS:A computer-based online research of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed to col ect articles published between 2003 and 2014 with the key words of“cardiac stem cells, stem cells, cardiac regeneration”in Chinese and English, respectively. There were 82 articles after the initial survey, and final y 40 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cardiac stem cells exist in the heart, and some surface markers of cardiac stem cells have been discovered. Cardiac stem cells for some diseases with myocardial cellinjury have opened up a new way. Because of the smal number of myocardial cells, how to purification, culture, identification and proliferation wil be further studied to meet the need for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering. Cardiac stem cellresearch wil open a new approach for cardiac tissue engineering.

Bilingual education refers to applying a kind of foreign language to the non-language class curriculum,and the foreign language and the professional knowledge are gained in synchronization.Using bilingual education has increased students' study difficulty in the medical course.The object of Taskbased Teaching is that the student must grasp the specialized knowledge and the foreign language.

Objective To screen differential Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes between Xinjiang clinical strains and H37Rv by suppression subtractive hybridization( SSH), and to analyze the function of these specifically pathopoiesis genes. Methods Both M. tuberculosis Xinjiang clinical strains and H37Rv as tester and driver each other, most identical genome was drived whereas some distinctive genes was re-mained and enriched by utilization SSH technique. Meanwhile through inserting differential genes to E. coli all of sequences that we have cloned were determined by BLAST in GenBank. The function of differential genes between M. tuberculosis H37Rv and Xinjiang clinical strains were analyzed. Results We cloned and analyzed six different DNA fragments that only existed in Xinjiang clinical strains. One is the fragment of a gene ceding monooxygenase, flavin-binding family identified by Glimmer2. One fragment belongs to acyl-transferase family protein. One for aminotransferase, class Ⅱ, acyl carrier protein. One fragment belongs to chromosomal replication initiator protein DNA and one for M. tuberculosis paralogous family 11-pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase-related. Meanwhile, we cloned ten DNA fragments only in H37Rv. Conclusion SSH technique can efficiently screen differential genes in M. tuberculosis in Xinjiang clinical strains. They are possible key genes that M. tuberculosis survive and fortify virulence in mal-environment as same as their ho-mogenic genes, such as enhanced adsorbability in wall-held protein, counteracted digestion by nitro-oxygen-ase, elevated composition capability in the acyhransferase, control chromosomal replication initiator protein, synthesized aminotransferase acyl cartier protein and pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate oxidase.

Objective To investigate the variance of expression of bcl-2 and bax genes in the genesis of gastric carcinoma as well as their relationship. Methods Thirty-five cases of early-stage gastric carcinoma and Twenty-four cases of chronic atrophic gastritis were studied by immunohistochemical method. Results There were no statistical differences of bcl-2 expression levels between gastric carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia or paracancerous intestinalepithelial metaplasia(IEM)(P＞0. 05). There were statistical differences of bcl-2 expression between normal epithelial tissues (or non-cancerous IEM) and the other three groups (P＜0.05),but no statistical difference between the normal epithelial and the non-cancerous IEM group was observed (P＞0. 05). The expressions of bax protein were found in the normal epithelial and the other groups in varying degrees,but there were no statistical differences between either two of the groups (P＞0.05). The bcl-2/bax ratio was higher in early-stage gastric carcinoma,atypical hyperplasia and paracancerous intestinai-metaplasia than in the non-cancerous intestinal-metaplasia (P＜0. 05) and normal epithelial tissues(P＜0. 01). Conclusion The abnormal expression of bcl-2 protein and bax protein ,especially the increased bcl-2/bax ratio, probably play an important role in the course of carcinogenesis of gastric carcinoma.

The basic information and clinical application of nutritional risk scales for children with cancer were reviewed, and the strengths and weaknesses of each scale were analyzed. After systematic search and reading, the scales with more clinical applications included universal scales: Pediatric Malnutrition Assessment Screening Tool (STAMP), Nutritional Risk and Stunting Malnutrition Screening Tool (STRONG kids), Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score (PYMS), Pediatric Subjective Global Nutritional Risk Assessment (SGNA); specific scales: Nutritional Screening Tool for Childhood Cancer (SCAN), Nutritional Risk Screening for Childhood Cancer (NRS-PC). In order to effectively manage the nutritional risk of pediatric cancer patients, we should selectively use and further actively Chinese or develop specific nutritional risk measurement tools adapted to our national conditions.