Objective To investigate the correlation between hope level and self-management behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes.Method One hundred and ninety-eight hospitalized patients with type 2 diabetes were recruited in the investigation by convenience sampling in a first-class grade I hospital from December 2015 to April 2016 to understand the status of hope and self-management behaviors as well as the correlation between them.Results The score on hope level was (35.0±3.6),which was in a medium or above level.The total score of self-management behaviors was (84.1 ±13.0),which indicated their self-management remained in the middle level.The total score on the hope level and its all dimensions were positively correlated with the total score on self-management behaviors and the dimensions such as drug compliance,foot care,high and low blood sugar processing (all P ＜0.05).There was a positive relationship between maintain close relationship with others and regular exercise (P＜0.05).The average score on hope and each dimension were insignificantly correlated with diet control and blood glucose monitoring (all P＞0.05).Conclusions The hope of 2 diabetic patients is in a medium or above level.The hope level is closely related to their self-management behaviors.The nurses should pay attention to the hope level of patients.Effective nursing interventions should be adopted to improve the self-management ability and quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Objective: To analyze correlation between overweight and obesity among primary school students in Lanzhou with exercise and environmental factors around schools, and to provide a reference for reducing the overweigh and obesity rate of students. Methods: Using cluster random sampling method, a total of 3 600 pupils from grade 4 to grade 6 in 8 primary schools in 4 districts of Lanzhou were investigated. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between overweight and obesity, exercise and environmental factors surrounding schools. Results: The overweight rate was 13.8% (18.0% for boys and 9.5% for girls) and the obesity rate was 10.8%(11.7% for boys and 9.8% for girls), there was statistical significance in the differences of overweight rate between genders(χ2=55.10, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the differences of obesity rate between genders(χ2=3.39, P=0.07). The primary environmental factors causing overweight and obesity among boys included number of Internet cafes(OR=1.81), while for girls it was number of fast food restaurants(OR=2.39). Conclusion Too many Internet cafes and fast food restaurants surrounding school associates with higher risk of obesity among students. Public health interventions should be implemented targeting surrounding environment of schools, which might help reducing the occurrence of overweight and obesity in primary school students.

Objectives To investigate the relationship between albuminuria and all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in middle-to-old-aged Chinese population. Methods A total of 2500 residents aged more than 40 years old were selected using random cluster sampling in Shougang community, Beijing, and 2315 of them took part in the survey finally. Morning urinary samples were collected. Urinary albumin and creatinine were measured. Albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) was calculated and used as an index of albuminuria. The subjects were grouped according to ACR: normoalbuminuria (NO, ACR＜ 30 mg/g), microalbuminuria (MI, ACR 30-299 mg/g), and macroalbuminuria (MA, ACR ≥ 300 mg/g). Albuminuria (AL) group consisted of MI group and MA group. Cardiovascular risk factors were also investigated. Then all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were collected after 4 years. The Cox model was used to analyze the relationship between albuminuria and all-cause mortality after adjusting for confounders. Results The prevalence of microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria was 7.6% and 1.4% respectively. After 4 years follow-up,the cardiovascular mortality was 2.7/1000 person-years in NO group, 19.9/1000 person-years in MI group, and 11.5/1000 person-years in MA group and the all-cause mortality was 6.6/1000,25.9/1000 and 57.5/1000 person-years respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, body mass index, serum lipids, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease at baseline and serum creatinine, the hazard ratio (HR) of cardiovascular mortality in AL group was 5.26 [95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.26-12.24] compared with NO group; the HR of all-cause mortality was 3.34 (95% CI 1.82-6.15). Among patients without cardiovascular disease at baseline, the corresponding HRs were 6.92 (95%CI 1.80-26.58) and 2.85 (95%CI 1.22-6.65) respectively.Conclusion In the population studied, albuminuria is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality.

Objective To investigate the appropriate waist circumference (WC) cutoff points for central obesity in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Methods A total of 2,344Beijing residents aged ≥40 years were investigated. They answered questionnaires, received physical examinations, and underwent plasma glucose and lipid profile measurement. Those non-diabetic subjects underwent a 75g oral glucose tolerance test. All data were analyzed to calculate the appropriate WC cutoff points for central obesity reaching the diagonsis of MS. Results 1) Both in males and females, the triglyceride (TG), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) increased linearly with WC, and the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) decreased linearly with WC (P＜0.05). 2)The prevalence of elevated TG,reduced HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, elevated FBG, or ≥ 2 of these factors increased with WC (P＜0.05). 3) Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and Youden index, the WC values for central obesity and for detecting BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2were about 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women. 4) The odds ratio for the presence of two or more metabolic risk factors increased abruptly in men with WC ≥ 90 cm and in women with WC ≥ 80 cm. Conclusions The appropriate WC cutoff point for central obesity was determined to be 90 cm for men and 80 cm for women in the middle-aged and elderly Beijing residents by the metabolic syndrome definition of IDF.

Objective The aim of our study was to explore the relationship between prostate cancer and four serum markers,including Prostate specific antigen (PSA),Beta 2 Microglobulin (β2M),Neutrophil-to-lympochyte ratio (NLR) and Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH),and their variation rules in development of prostate cancer.Then to find one or more markers that can increase the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosis to provide reference for clinic.Methods A total of 149 prostate cancer patients,40 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia,80 healthy subjects in our hospital were analyzed,and subsequent the T-PSA,F-PSA,β2M,LDH and NLR were measured.The correlation between these markers and prostate cancer as well as its different types and Gleason score was assessed statistically.We determined the cut-off point of the NLR and T-PSA according to the specificity and sensitivity levels derived from area under receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve.Results The level of T-PSA was significantly higher in patients of prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia,and the level of NLR was higher only in patients of prostate cancer.Based on the area under ROC,the cut-off value of T-PSA was determined to be 4.625 ng/ml,and NLR was 2.11,and combined NLR and T-PSA can increase the specificity of diagnose.There is a statistical difference in Gleason scores in patients with different NLR of prostate cancer (P =0.030).Conclusions It could increased the specificity when combined NLR and T-PSA to diagnose prostate cancer.And NLR has positive correlation with the prognosis of patients of prostate cancer as well.

Objective To investigate the sleep quality of inland military officers and soldiers stationed and trained at plateau and its possible influence factors.Methods A total of 459 military officers and soldiers stationed and trained at plateau were performed the on site psychological assessment by adopting the psychological stress self-evaluation test (PSET),Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI),work related fatigue feelings (WRFFQ) and self compiled general data questionnaire.Results (1) The mean value of overall sleep quality in militaries stationed and trained at plateau was 5.61-±-3.48.40.5 ％ of respondents had good sleep quality,25.3％ had poor sleep quality and 34.2％ had general sleep quality.(2)The fatigue and psychological stress scores in the militaries with poor sleep quality were significantly higher than those in the militaries with good sleep quality (t1 =10.70,t2 =-9.68,P＜0.01).(3)The psychological stress,fatigue degree,confidence level of self-assessment health status had significantly positive correlation(r =0.517,0.488,0.259,0.352,P＜ 0.01).(4) The psychological stress,fatigue degree,confidence level of self-assessment health status entered the PSQI total score regression equation,moreover the predictive variation amount was 36.1％.Conclusion The psychological stress status and fatigue level in the militaries at plateau affect the sleep quality,and the confidence degree and health status assessment of officers and soldiers on exercise also produce the active influence on sleep.

Objective To investigate the outcome and related risk factors of integrated intensive intervention in participants with impaired glucose regulation (IGR) after two years by the criteria of American Diabetes Association 2003. Methods The subjects who remained to be IGR at the end of first year following 75 g oral glucose tolerance test were randomly assigned to either a routine care control group or to an intensive integrated intervention group. The control group received general dietary and exercise advice at baseline and was followed up. In addition to dietary control and exercise advice, mefformin or acarbose were administrated in the intervention group. The latter group was also advised to take antihypertensive agents, lipid-regulating agents if necessary, as well as aspirin. Results The proportion of patients who fulfilled the assigned goals of blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index or triglycerides was significantly higher in the intensive group than those in the control group. None in the intensive group developed overt diabetes mellitus, while 8 (9.3%) in the control group did. The proportion of patients who reverted to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was slightly higher in the intensive group than in the control group (29.5% vs 22.1%, P>0.05). Logistic analysis showed that increase of waist circumference and systolic blood pressure was positively while the improvement of islet β-cell function was negatively correlated with the development of diabetes mellitus. Conclusions The intensive integrated intervention could significantly decrease the conversion rate of IGR to diabetes mellitus, and increase the chance of reversion to NGT. The increase of waist circumference or systolic blood pressure, the deterioration of islet β-ccll function were the influencing factors of the conversion of IGR to diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the clinical features,risk factors and gender differences of silent cerebral infarction (SCI),and provide the clinical basis for the primary and secondary preventions.Methods Three hundred and fifty-six patients without previous history of stroke and neurological signs,admitted to our hospital from January 2010 to January 2013,were selected and divided to 2 groups:an observation group (n=138,having SCI) and a control group (n=218,not having SCI).Age,gender,levels of blood pressure,blood glucose,triglyceride,low density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol,smoking history,drinking history,family history of stroke,and coronary heart disease history were analyzed by single and multiple factor Logistic analysis.SCI patients were divided into male SCI group and female SCI group to compare the differences of high risk factors.Results SCI lesions mainly located in the basal ganglia and crown areas of radiation,which were mainly multiple lesions.Logistic regression analysis showed that independent risk factors were age,hypertension,coronary heart disease history,diabetes history,high triglyceride and high LDL levels,and smoking history.The incidences of diabetes and coronary heart disease in female SCI patients were significantly higher than those in male SCI patients (P＜0.05),and those of high triglyceride and smoking in SCI female patients were statistically lower than those in male SCI patients (P＜0.05).Conclusion Risk factors of SCI include age,hypertension,coronary heart disease history,diabetes,high triglyceride and high LDL levels,and smoking;and gender differences exist in these risk factors.

Objective To explore the mutual relationship between serum uric acid (SUA) level with metabolic syndrome (MD) and its factors among the physical examination population.Methods A total of 8 285 people undergoing the physical check-up in a hospital in 2013 were selected by sampling and conducted the physical measurement and biochemical detection;the subjects were grouped according to the MS diagnostic standard,gender and SUA.Then the correlation between SUA and MS was analyzed.Results The age,BMI,SBP,DBP,FPG,TG and SUA in the MS patients were significantly higher than those in the patients without MS,while the HDL-C level was significantly lower.The occurrence rate of MS in males was higher than females.With the increase of MS factors,the SUA level showed the overall rising trend;the multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI,DBP and TG were positively correlated with SUA,and the HDL-C level was negatively correlated with the SUA level.The regression equation was Y =-2.135 + 0.066X1 +0.010X2 +0.155X3-0.379X4;the MS detection rate in the HUA group was higher than that in the non-HUA group;in the single factor Logistic regression analysis,the SUA level was significantly related with the MS occurrence (OR=1.007,95％CI 0.006-1.007,P＜0.05),in the SUA diagnostic value for M,AUC in male and female were 0.608 (95 ％CI 0.582-0.634,P＜0.01) and 0.744 (95 ％CI 0.705-0.783,P＜0.01) respectively,the MS best critical diagnostic points in male and female were 360.5 and 256.5,the corresponding diagnostic sensitivities in male and female were 46.49％ and 71.94％,the specificities in male and female were 69.94％ and 69.94％ respectively.Conclusion The SUA level is closely associated with MS,and SUA level has a good predictive effect for MS.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of professional self-efficacy between professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges.Methods:A total of 391 nursing students from Chengdu area full-time university were investigated by general information questionnaire, gerontological nursing career motivation questionnaire, professional values scale, and professional self-efficacy scale. Pearson correlation analysis and descriptive statistical analysis were performed by SPSS 21.0. Amos 26.0 was used to establish mediating effect model and verify the mediating effect.Results:The total score of 391 nursing students' willingness to work on gerontological care was (47.05±6.93), the willingness to work on gerontological care was positively correlated with professional self-efficacy and professional values ( r = 0.826, 0.775, respectively, all P<0.01), and professional self-efficacy played a partial mediating role between professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care, accounting for 64.82% of the total effect. Conclusions:The willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges is at a middle level. Professional values not only directly affect the willingness to work on gerontological care, but also indirectly take function through the professional self-efficacy. Professional self-efficacy plays a mediating role in professional values and willingness to work on gerontological care of nursing students in higher vocational colleges.