Objectives To investigate the origination of osteoclast precursors in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and the role of receptor activitor of NF-?资B ligand (RANKL) in synoviocyte differentating into osteoclast in vitro. Methods Synovium were obtained from 6 patients with RA and 6 synovial normal samples at the time of operation. Synoviocytes were obtained by digesting synovial tissue with collagenase. CD68-positive and CD68-negative synoviocytes were obtained by Dynabeads (magnetic cell sorting). To identify the origin of osteoclast precursors from synovium, all types of selected synoviocytes were incubated containing bone slices respectively and induced differentiation in the presence of RANKL (16 ?g/L), macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) (25 ?g/L) and Dexamethasone (10-8 mol/L) and at every medium change. Osteoclast formation was evaluated in tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), calcitonin receptors (CTR) and bone-resorption activities. Furthermore, RANKL was added to the cocultures at gradient concentrations of range 0 ?g/L to 8 ?g/L in the presence of M-CSF and Dexamethasone at the beginning of each experiment for inducing CD68+ synoviocyte in RA differentiation on bone slices. After 14 days, bone slices stained with toluidine blue. Bone resorption was evaluated by scanning the area of resorption pits with a digital analyzer. Results After 14 days incubation in the presence of RANKL, TRAP-positive?VNR-positive and resorption lacunaeas cells were only observed on the groups of CD68+ synoviocytes from RA. The activity of osteoclasts derived from CD68+ synoviocytes in RA had influenced by difference concentrations of RANKL. Conclusion CD68+ synoviocytes are identified as the osteoclast precursors in synovium with RA, and can be sufficiently induced to be the functional and mature osteoclasts by RANKL in vitro. RANKL, as a cytokine, is an essential factor for osteoclast development and stimulate osteoclasts which were derived from CD68+ synoviocytes in RA development and activation.

10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.26.009

Objective To assess the clinical threatment results of pilon fractures managed with arthroscopyassisted minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO).Methods 33 patients with pilon fractures were classified into 3 groups according to the Ruedi-Allgower classification:type Ⅰ in 26 cases,type Ⅱ in 5 cases,type Ⅲ in 2 cases,including 29 males and 4 females,aged 22 to 51 years,mean 31.5 years of age.All patients were treated with arthroscopy-assisted MIPPO with the postoperative follow-up time of 12 to 84 months.Results The clinical surgery efficacy according to Mazur's criterion was evaluated as excellent in 22 cases,good in 8 cases,fair in 3 cases.The excellent and good rate was 90.9％.Conclusion Arthroscopy-assisted MIPPO surgical treatment is an effective method for Pilon fractures with the advantages of good healing,minimal trauma and less complications,it is worthy of clinical application.

BACKGROUND:Preoperative walking ability and activities are good predictors of functional recovery of patients after hip replacement. But these objective assessment tools are invalid to predict postoperative function of patients with no preoperative walking ability.
OBJECTIVE:To assess the effect of preoperative subjective physical activity questionnaire to predict the 6-month postoperative physical functioning outcomes in elder patients receiving hip arthroplasty, and to determine which aspects of patient’s characteristics influence 6-month postoperative physical activity.
METHODS:A two-center prospective audit was carried out in elder patients who underwent hip arthroplasty between November 2010 and February 2013. These patients were divided into three groups, including the group of total hip arthroplasty for fractures of the femoral neck, the group of total hip arthroplasty for osteoarthritis and the group of hemiarthroplasty for fractures of the femoral neck. Al patients had fulfil ed Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam-Physical Activity Questionnaire (LAPAQ) and Short Form 36 (SF-36) recal ing their physical activity at 2 weeks before the fal accident (for fractures of the femoral neck) or admission (for hip osteoarthritis). Preoperative demographic data were also col ected. Postoperative assessment regarding subjective physical activity assessment including LAPAQ and SF-36, and objective physical activity assessment including timed up and go test and six-minute walk test were evaluated at the time of 6-month postoperation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 115 patients finished the study. Both preoperative LAPAQ and SF-36 can play a predictor to probe 6-month postoperative function of objective and subjective activity in patients with femoral neck fractures or hip osteoarthritis undergoing hip arthroplasty. Preoperative LAPAQ seems better than preoperative SF-36 to predict postoperative physical activity. For hip fracture patients, because preoperative objective function cannot be assessed, preoperative LAPAQ can play an effective and subjective index to predict postoperative function of objective activity, and physical functions can recover 70%-80%at 6 months postoperatively. For hip osteoarthritis patients, postoperative physical function can be increased by approximately 27%compared with before hip arthroplasty. Patient’s characteristics also affect the postoperative physical activity, and the occurrence of preoperative complications is a most important factor.

BACKGROUND:Tripterygium hypoglaucum(Levl.)Hutch (THH) has been accurately confirmed a good clinical therapeutic effect for rheumatoid arthritis(RA).However.functionaI mechanism of THH remains unclearly.OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of THH on proliferation and apoptosis of macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA and to explore its dose-effect relation.DESIGN.TIME AND SETTING:In vitro cytology grouping controlled observation was performed in the Center Laboratory of the First Clinical College of Shantou University and the Laboratory for Cellular Biology of Southern MedicaI University from August 2003 to June 2007.MATERIALS:Synovium was obtained from 6 patients with RA and 3 normaI synovial samples.All samples sourced from patients admitted in Department of Orthopaedics.the First Clinical College of Shantou University and in Spinal and Joint Surgery of Nanfang Hospital.The water extracts of THH contained 0.667 g/mL crude drug.METHODS:Synovial cells were isolated by digesting synovial tissue with collagenase.CD68+and CD68-synoviocytes were sorted from synovial cells by Dynabeads(magnetic celI sorting)from the 2~(nd)-4~(th) passages of synoviocyes.After 72 hours incubation,all groups of isolated synoviocytes were cultured in culture medium containing the flnaI concentrations of 0 mL/L,5 mL/L,1 0 mL/L and 20 mL/L of THH for 24 and 48 hours,respectively,and the common culture medium was sewed as the control. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:The morphology of synoviocytes were observed by inverted phase contrast microscope and studied by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).In vitro cell growth was assessed by the MTT assay,and synoviocytes apoptosis was evaluated using temlinaI deoxynucleotidyl transferase biotin-dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL)assay and a flow cytometry.RESULTS:CD68~+ synoviocytes were appeared macrophage-like and CD68~- synoviocytes were exhibited fibroblast-like.After incubated with THH,some synoviocytes presented the volume of cells deflated,progressively destruction of cell membrane,microvillus or pseudopodium tended to be decreased even disappeared,and apoptosis bodies appeared.When incubated with 2% THH,proliferation inhibiUon and inducing apoptosis could be observed;it showed that THH had the cytotoxic effect on synoviocytes.The effect of proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis on CD68-and CD68+synoviocytes from RA patients was more significantly than that from normal arthritis (P<0.01).When incubated with 1%THH.proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis on synoviocytes from RA patients also could be found(P<0.01),but not found on normal synoviocytes(P>0.05).Compared with the negative controI group.proliferation inhibition was no significant difference On all groups with the low dose (≤5 mL/L) of THH(P>0.05).Furthermore,the effect of proliferation inhibition and inducing apoptosis on synoviocytes decreased in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner.The inhibition rate of synoviocytes also could be found positively correlated with apoptosis rate aftat treatment of THH(r=0.497,P<0.01).CONCLUSlON:THH have cytotoxic effect on rheumatoid synoviocytes and normal synoviocytes.it can inhibit macrophage-like synoviocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes from RA on proliferation and induce them to apoptosis.In the some contraction of THH.proliferation Inhibition and inducing apoptosis can be occur on synoviocytes from RA but not on normal synoviocytes.