Objective To study the relationships between tissue damage and the ability of the pancreatic cells to regenerate ,and analyze the alteration of the pancreatic cells regeneration .Methods Sixty rats were divided into two groups :impact group(the pan‐creas was injured by a BIM‐Ⅲ biotical impact machine ,40 rats) and control group(sham operated ,20 rats) .All rats were sacrificed at 6 h ,24 h ,72 h ,7 d after operation .The level of AMS ,LPS in the serum were detected by spectrophotometry ,pancreatic cells re‐generation were examined and analyzed by TUNEL staining and flow cytomertry ,and the Bcl‐2 and Bax expression were measured by Western blot .Results In the impact groups ,LPS was activated later than AMS ,and lasted persistently .The results from TUNEL stain ,flow cytometry and Western blot indicated that pancreatic trauma induces cell death and the compensatory prolifera‐tion of pancreatic cells .The characteristics of pancreatic cells regeneration in the animal model of isolated pancreatic trauma indicate that the proper remedial time is in the first 24h after the pancreatic trauma .Conclusion Detecting AMS and LPS at the same time can help us to determine the exocrine function of pancrease .

Objective To determine the relationship of cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acids with impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the healthy elderly. Methods A case-control study was employed.The study enrolled 60 healthy young adults (group A) and 60 healthy senior citizens (group B) of Han population in Shanghai. Serum contents of 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-DHET) (a stable metabolite of 14,15-EET), 6-Kote-PGF1a (a stable metabolite of prostaglandin) and TXB2 (a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) were measured using ELISA kits. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation (NEDV) in brachial arteries were determined by color Doppler ultrasound. Results Compared with group A, group B had significant higher levels of hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride and cholesterol levels (P＜0.01), and significant lower levels of 14,15-DHET and 6-Kote-PGF1a (P＜0.001), leading to increased values of TXB2/6-Kote-PGF1a and TXB2/14,15-DHET. There was bigger basal interior diameter of brachial arterials with reduced EDV and NEDV response (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, vs. group A respectively) in group B. Moreover, the age was negatively correlated with 14,15-DHET and TXB2/14,15-DHET. Conclusions Our results indicate that the impaired EDV and NEDV in aging are associated with reduced production of arachidonic acid metabolites through cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase pathway and cyooxygenase pathway of endothelium in the healthy elderly.

OBJECTIVETo conduct health economic evaluation of the prevention of mother-to-child HIV among pregnant women in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China from 2004 to 2013.

METHODSData on cost were collected mainly from the annual prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) reporting system of Dehong prefecture, and supplemented by HIV PMTCT-related resource allocation data from local health bureau. Effectiveness indexes were from local continuous HIV surveillance system and annual reported data. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis were used to conduct the health economic evaluation.

RESULTSFrom 2004 to 2013, 283980 pregnant women were screened for HIV, 2 059 were detected as positive, and the HIV positive rate was 0.73%. The total cost of the PMTCT program was 14 227 000 RMB after discounting, and the unit cost of positive case finding was 4 200 RMB. A total of 26 cases of adults and 325 infants were avoided HIV infection, and the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) was 40 500 RMB/case. The total obtained quality adjusted life years (QALY) from the program was 8 911.5, each one of which cost 1 600 RMB/QALY. If the feeding pattern were breast feeding, CER would be 42 800 RMB/case and each one of QALY would cost 2 200 RMB.

CONCLUSIONBased on the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis, the HIV PMTCT of Dehong prefecture had economic value, which indicates that continued investment is needed to strengthen local HIV PMTCT work.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Child ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years

Objective To understand the current status of receiving no methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) and influencing factors in HIV infected injecting drug users (IDUs) in Dehong Dai and Jingpo autonomous prefectures,Yunnan province.Methods Data of survival of IDUs with AIDS in Dehong were collected from "Chinese National Comprehensive HIV/AIDS and Care Information System" in December,2014.Results There were 987 IDUs who should receive MMT,the majority of them were males (94.6％,934/987),aged 35-44 years (53.0％,523/987) and farmers (77.2％,762/987).Among the 987 IDUs,60.2％ (592/987) received no MMT.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being female (OR=2.66,95％CI:1.21-5.87),in Jingpo ethnic group (OR=3.05,95％CI:1.97-4.71) were the major risk factors for receiving no MMT;not being farmers (OR=0.46,95％CI:0.31-0.70),in Dai ethnic group (OR=0.53,95％CI:0.36-0.79),diagnosed HIV infection history ≥ 10 years (OR=0.60,95％CI:0.45-0.81) were the major protective factors for receiving no MMT.The reasons for receiving no MMT included long distance journey (289,48.8％),fear of exposure (124,20.9％),poor daily medication compliance (59,10.0％),fear of side effects (47,7.9％),others (73,12.3％).Conclusions The proportion of receiving no MMT in IDUs with AIDS in Dehong was high.Being female and farmer,in Jingpo ethnic group,low educational level,short diagnosed HIV infection history were influencing factors for receiving no MMT.The effective intervention measures should be taken to further improve MMT coverage according to the different characteristics of the patients.

Objective: To obtain HIV incidence among injection drug users (IDU) and female sex workers (FSW) in Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province during 2009-2017. Methods: We recruited drug users and female sex workers from all sentinel surveillance sites across Dehong Prefecture during 2009-2017. A total of 10 480 IDU and 18 126 FSW in Dehong Prefecture were recruited by fingerprint technique. Data about drug uses, commercial sexual behavior, sociodemographic characteristics was collected by structured questionnaire. HIV-positive patients who were long-term infected or with CD4⁺ T cell count was ≤200 were not included for further HIV incidence testing. Also, those who self-identified as on antiretroviral treatment (ART) or AIDS cases were also excluded. A total of 841 and 157 plasma specimens from IDU and FSW that met the inclusion criterion were finally included, respectively. Limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay(LAg-Avidity EIA) were performed to calculate the HIV incidence among these two sub-populations. Results: A total of 3 444 IDU were HIV-positive, among which 884 (25.7%) were Burmese with age of (30.4±7.7), and 2 560 were Chinese with age of (36.6±7.3). Among 228 HIV-positive FSW, 109 (47.8%) were Burmese with age of (27.1±6.3), 119 (52.5%) were Chinese with age of (29.9±11.1). For IDU, the estimated HIV incidence among Burmese in 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, 2015-2017 was 4.20% (95%CI: -0.55%-8.95%), 7.75% (95%CI: 2.95%-12.55%), 11.79% (95%CI: 5.38%-18.20%), 10.30% (95%CI: 5.67%-14.94%), respectively, while Chinese were 3.11% (95%CI: 1.59%-4.64%), 0.03% (95%CI: -0.03%-0.08%), 1.55% (95%CI: 0.54%-2.57%), 0.58% (95%CI: -0.06%-1.04%), respectively. In 2009-2011, 2012-2014, 2015-2017, estimated HIV incidence among Burmese FSW was 0.22% (95%CI: -0.21%-0.64%), 1.24%(95%CI: 0.15%-2.32%), 0.55%(95%CI: 0.01%-1.08%). Whereas, estimated HIV incidence among Chinese FSW was 0.62% (95%CI: 0.25%-0.98%), 0.11% (95%CI: -0.04%-0.26%), 0.22% (95%CI: 0-0.44%). Conclusion HIV incidences among Chinese IDU and FSW are on the downward trend, while Burmese IDU and FSW seem to be gaining momentum.

Objective: To study the prevalence and correlates of unprotected sexual intercourse within HIV serodiscordant couples in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan Province, China, in 2014. Methods: This study was based on the follow-up investigation of "the AIDS cohort of seronegative spouses of HIV-infected individuals in Dehong prefecture" in 2014. The 1 520 participants were HIV seronegative spouses from all five counties/cities of Dehong prefecture who voluntarily participated in the cohort. Inclusion criteria included: having a HIV-positive spouse; ≥16 years of age; having had sexual intercourse with spouse in the past year; and being a resident of Dehong prefecture. Information on HIV-positive spouses were also collected through the local AIDS epidemic database. Chi square analysis was performed to compare differences in the rates of unprotected sexual intercourse between participants with different characteristics and lifestyle choices. Multivariable logistic regression model analysis was performed to determine correlates with unprotected sexual intercourse. Results: The 1 520 participants had a mean age of 38.7±9.4, compared with 39.7±8.9 for their HIV-positive spouses. Among the HIV-positive spouses, 77.8% (1 183/1 520) had been infected for more than 3 years, and 87.6% (1 332/1 520) had received antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse within serodiscordant couples over the past 12 months was 16.1% (244/1 520). The prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse correlated with the level of education of HIV-negative spouses (illiterate vs. middle school and above, OR=1.58, P=0.044), the number of years since diagnosis of HIV-positive spouses (short vs. long, OR=1.6, P=0.006), antiretroviral therapy of HIV-positive spouses (no vs. yes, OR=2.78, P<0.001), the frequency of sexual intercourse per month (high vs. low, OR=1.66, P=0.019), and whether the couple had children (no vs. yes, OR=1.72, P=0.007). Conclusion The prevalence of unprotected sexual intercourse within serodiscordant couples in Dehong prefecture was relatively high in 2014. Factors found to correlate with the occurrence of unprotected sexual intercourse within these couples included illiteracy of HIV-negative spouses, short time since diagnosis of HIV-positive spouses and lack of antiretroviral therapy, high frequency of sexual intercourse and no children.

Objective:To compare the safety and effectiveness of disposable and reusable flexible electronic ureteroscopes in the treatment of upper urinary tract stones in elderly patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was made on clinical data of elderly patients with unilateral upper urinary tract calculi receiving flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy at Beijing Hospital between March 2020 and November 2022.According to the type of the flexible ureteroscope used, patients who met the requirements for inclusion were divided into a single-use flexible ureteroscope group and a reusable flexible ureteroscope group.The stone-free rate, the operative time, the length of postoperative hospitalization and the incidence of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS)were compared between the two groups.Results:A total of 225 eligible participants were enrolled from Beijing Hospital, of whom 107 in the single-use flexible ureteroscope group and 118 in the reusable flexible ureteroscope group underwent evaluation.The operative time[60(40, 97)min vs.75(60, 110)min, Z=-2.947, P=0.003]and the length of postoperative hospitalization[1(1, 2)days vs.1(1, 2)days, Z=-2.554, P=0.011]of the single-use flexible ureteroscope group were shorter than those of the reusable flexible ureteroscope group.There were no statistically significant differences in the lithotripsy success rate[89/107(83.2%) vs.92/118(78.0%), χ2=0.969, P=0.325]and the incidence of postoperative SIRS[8/107(7.5%) vs.14/118(11.9%), χ2=1.225, P=0.268]. Conclusions:There is no significant difference in the lithotripsy success rate and postoperative SIRS rate between single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes and reusable flexible digital ureteroscopes for lithotripsy of upper ureteral stones in elderly patients, while the operative time and the length of postoperative hospitalization of using single-use flexible ureteroscopes are shorter than those of using reusable flexible ureteroscopes.Single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes have satisfactory safety and effectiveness for the treatment of upper urinary tract calculi in elderly patients.

The clinical data of 160 elderly patients with upper urinary tract stones who underwent flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy (FURL) in Beijing Hospital from May 2021 to November 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 80 patients with ambulatory surgery (study group) and 80 patients with the traditional surgery (control group). The efficacy and safety were compared between two groups. There were no significant differences in the rate of complete stone removal (91.3% (73/80) vs. 90.0% (72/80), P>0.05), operation time (60.0 (41.0, 90.0)min vs.61.0(50.0, 96.5)min, P>0.05), and incidence of postoperative systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) (8.8% (7/80) vs.12.5% (10/80), P>0.05) between two groups, while the postoperative length of hospital stay (5.0 (5.0, 6.0)h vs. 18.0 (16.2, 30.0)h, P<0.05) was shorter and the medical expenses ((20 696.7±4 645.5)Yuan vs. (31 030.8±6 275.1)Yuan, P<0.05) was less in the study group than those in the control group. The study indicates that the day surgery mode of flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy has advantages of faster recovery and less cost over the traditional surgery mode for elderly patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the incidence rate and risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of people living with HIV/AIDS (HIV/AIDS) in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province.

METHODSA prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2009 to December 2014 in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province. Questionnaire survey and HIV related tests were carried out once a year.

RESULTSBy the end of December 2014, 2 091 sero-negative spouses had been recruited, of whom 1 692 were followed-up for at least one time. RESULTS showed that 34 new HIV infections were identified within 5 494.52 person years of follow-up, for an overall incidence of 0.62 per 100 person years. HIV incidence rates appeared as 0.79 per 100 person years, 0.62 per 100 person years, 0.47 per 100 person years in 2009-2010, 2011-2012, 2013-2014, respectively. Data from the Cox proportional hazard regression model indicated that risk factors of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses of HIV/AIDS were: non-consistent condom use (HR=4.64, 95%CI: 1.89-11.40,P= 0.001), HIV/AIDS delayed antiviral retrovirus therapy (ART) for more than one year (HR=3.70, 95% CI: 1.44-9.49,P=0.007) after the HIV negative spouses were initially recruited, HIV/AIDS did not receive any ART (HR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.14-11.51,P=0.029).

CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of HIV infection among sero-negative spouses in Dehong prefecture was relatively low. Publicity on consistent condom use program should be emphasized among sero-negative spouses of HIV/AIDS, together with the timely provision of ART to those HIV/AIDS.

Adolescent ; Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; transmission ; HIV Seronegativity ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Behavior ; Spouses ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo compare follow-up and administration of HIV-infected local Chinese and Burmese in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, for scientific development of prevention and control measures.

METHODS14 270 HIV-infected local Chinese and 5 436 HIV-infected Burmese reported from 1989 to December 31, 2013 in Dehong prefecture were recruited as the subjects of study, comparing the differences of follow-up and management, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests and antiretroviral therapy (ART) between the two groups.

RESULTSThe proportion of HIV-infected Burmese identified in Dehong prefecture was 27.6% (5 436/19 706) during 1989-2013. The number had been growing rapidly from 17.1% in 1989-2003, 12.4% in 2004 and 14.7% in 2005 to over 51.4% in 2012, hitting 59.4% in 2013 (trends χ² = 1 732.84, P < 0.000 1). The proportion of HIV-infected Burmese among case reports of various characteristics kept rising over the years. By the end of 2013, 8 095 HIV-infected local Dehong residents and 5 326 HIV-infected Burmese were still alive. 95.8% of them were under follow-up, 88.5% having CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and 78.3% under ART. Among the HIV-infected B urmese, only 19.2% of them were under follow-up, 13.0% having CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and 6.1% under ART, significantly lower than the local Dehong residents (P < 0.000 1).

CONCLUSIONThe proportion of follow-up and administration, CD4⁺ T lymphocyte count tests, and ART of HIV-infected Burmese was low in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, which called for more effective follow-up and administration measures.

Anti-HIV Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; China ; Follow-Up Studies ; HIV Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans