Objective To explore the effect of nursing procedure on pressure sore in patients with brain tumor.Methods The nursing procedures were used in the nursing of 86 brain tumor patients.The procedures included assessment of pressure ulcer risk factors and regulations of nursing objective and the measures for preventing pressure ulcer.Result None of the patients contracted pressure ulcer during operation.Conclusion The nursing procedures for brain tumor patients can enable the nurses to plan nursing activities for specific purpose,avoid the occurrence of pressure sore and thus improve the quality of nursing.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of survivin and CD44v6 and HPV16/18 infection in uterine cervical carcinogenesis.Methods Using Streptavidin-Peroxidase(S-P) immunohistochemical technique,the authors examined the expression of survivin and CD44v6 in samples.The infection of HPV type 16,18 DNA was determined by PCR.Results There were significant differences for survivin and CD44v6 between carcinomas,CIN and normal cervices(P

Objective To observe the toxicity and effection of three dimensional conformal radiation therapy(3DCRT)based on conventional fractionation radiotherapy in combination with chemotherapy in non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods 62 NSCLC patients with stage Ⅲ were chosen as research objects.All the patients received chemotherapy two cycles with NP regimen firstly(NVB 40 mg d1,8,DDP 30 mg d2-5),then they accepted radiotherapy in twentith day after chemotherapy when hemocyte got normal.In the first half period of the radiotherapy,conventional radiotherapy were given with 2 Gy/f,after the dose got 40 Gy/20 f,then three dimensional conformal radiation therapy were given with 4～6 Gy/f every 1 to 2 days until the total dose got 24～30 Gy/4～6 f.The patients with supraclavicular lymphnode metastatic carcinoma received conventional fractionation radiotherapy with 60Co or 6 MV-X ray combined electronic ray until the dose(DT)up to 64～66 Gy.After radiotherapy,the patients accepted chemotherapy two cycles with NP regimen again.Results All the 62 patients completed treatment plan,and follow-up survey had lasted for 3 years.The short-term efficacy was evaluated in 3 months after radiotherapy. Among 62 patients, 9 cases gained a complete remission(CR),40 cases partial remission(PR),and the total remission was 79.0%.The acute toxicity showed acute radiation esophagitis,radiation pneumonia and acute gastrointestinal reaction.However,expectant treatment was effective.The 1,2,3 year survival rate was 7 1.0%,48.4%,30.6%,respectively.The 1,2,3 year local control rate was 80.6%,62.9%,40.3%,respectively.Conclusion 3DCRT based on conventional fractionation radiotherapy for NSCLC have good effection and mild toxicity.

Objective To determine the relationship of cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acids with impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in the healthy elderly. Methods A case-control study was employed.The study enrolled 60 healthy young adults (group A) and 60 healthy senior citizens (group B) of Han population in Shanghai. Serum contents of 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (14,15-DHET) (a stable metabolite of 14,15-EET), 6-Kote-PGF1a (a stable metabolite of prostaglandin) and TXB2 (a stable metabolite of thromboxane A2) were measured using ELISA kits. The endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation (EDV) and endothelium-independent vasorelaxation (NEDV) in brachial arteries were determined by color Doppler ultrasound. Results Compared with group A, group B had significant higher levels of hemoglobin A1c, triglyceride and cholesterol levels (P＜0.01), and significant lower levels of 14,15-DHET and 6-Kote-PGF1a (P＜0.001), leading to increased values of TXB2/6-Kote-PGF1a and TXB2/14,15-DHET. There was bigger basal interior diameter of brachial arterials with reduced EDV and NEDV response (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05, vs. group A respectively) in group B. Moreover, the age was negatively correlated with 14,15-DHET and TXB2/14,15-DHET. Conclusions Our results indicate that the impaired EDV and NEDV in aging are associated with reduced production of arachidonic acid metabolites through cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase pathway and cyooxygenase pathway of endothelium in the healthy elderly.

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutical effects of the Chinese medicinal herb, Sophora flavescens (SFA) on a rat model of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) biofilm pneumonia.

METHODRats were challenged intratracheally with alginate embedded PA strain PAO579 at the concentration of 1 x 10(9) colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU x mL(-1)). After challeng on the second day, three different doses SFA or sterile normal saline (NS) were administered by gastric intubation once a day for two weeks. Two weeks post intratracheal challenge with P. aeruginosa, parameters were evaluated.

RESULTTwo weeks after challenge, a remarkable serum antibody response and significant infiltration of numerous polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) with lower IFN-gamma production in the lungs were found in the model group. However, milder macroscopic and lower incidence of lung abscesses were found in all the three groups received different doses of SFA treatment compared to the model group (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, the microscopic lung pathology in all SFA-treated groups were characterized by chronic inflammation dominated by mononuclear leukocytes (MN). The rat number with acute inflammation in group II, III was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the serum level of anti-PA IgG was down-regulated in group II and III (P < 0.05 or P < 0.001), and serum IgG level was negatively correlated with the SFA doses (r = -0.95, P < 0.01). In all the SFA-treated groups higher IFN-gamma production in the lung was found compared to the model group (P < 0.001), and the lung IFN-gamma level was positively correlated with the SFA doses (r = 0.9, P < 0.02). These findings indicate that SFA has an effect on inducing Thl type of immune response. The anti-PA activity test of SFA was weakly positive whereas NS was negative.

CONCLUSIONSFA treatment significantly reduced pathology, which might be associated with a shift of local immune responding type from a Th2 like to Thl like that might provide a better protection to the rats with chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection. And these results also showed that the SFA dose of 12 g x kg(-1) was the best dosage in this present study.

Animals ; Biofilms ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Male ; Pneumonia ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Pseudomonas Infections ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; pathology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; pathogenicity ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sophora ; chemistry

Objective:To investigate the effect of the adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells ( iTregs) induced by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5AzaD) on pregnant outcome of the abortion-prone mice.Methods:Sixty cases of female CBA/J × male DBA/2J abortion-prone matings were taken as study group,the CD4+T cells from spleen of twenty female CBA/J mice were separated by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS),5AzaD was applied to the conversion of CD4+CD25-T cells to iTregs,the expression of Foxp3 in Tregs was characterized by flow cytometry analysis before and after epigenetic modification.The purified iTregs were injected into abortion-prone mice on day 1 or 4 of pregnancy,respectively,which were used as therapy groups,and then the embryo resorption rate was counted on day 14 of pregnancy.Results:After the treatment of 5AzaD,the percentage of iTregs in CD4+T cells was (41.50±8.03)%.The embryonic absorption rates of the two therapy groups were 10.47%(on day 1 of pregnancy) and 21.69%(on day 4 of pregnancy) ,respectively ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: Epigenetic modication of CD4+CD25-T cells may solve the problem of nTregs deficiency,particularly adoptive therapy of 5AzaD-induced iTregs at early stage of pregnancy can maintain normal pregnancy.

OBJECTIVETo conduct health economic evaluation of the prevention of mother-to-child HIV among pregnant women in Dehong prefecture, Yunnan province, China from 2004 to 2013.

METHODSData on cost were collected mainly from the annual prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) reporting system of Dehong prefecture, and supplemented by HIV PMTCT-related resource allocation data from local health bureau. Effectiveness indexes were from local continuous HIV surveillance system and annual reported data. Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis were used to conduct the health economic evaluation.

RESULTSFrom 2004 to 2013, 283980 pregnant women were screened for HIV, 2 059 were detected as positive, and the HIV positive rate was 0.73%. The total cost of the PMTCT program was 14 227 000 RMB after discounting, and the unit cost of positive case finding was 4 200 RMB. A total of 26 cases of adults and 325 infants were avoided HIV infection, and the cost-effectiveness ratio (CER) was 40 500 RMB/case. The total obtained quality adjusted life years (QALY) from the program was 8 911.5, each one of which cost 1 600 RMB/QALY. If the feeding pattern were breast feeding, CER would be 42 800 RMB/case and each one of QALY would cost 2 200 RMB.

CONCLUSIONBased on the cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis, the HIV PMTCT of Dehong prefecture had economic value, which indicates that continued investment is needed to strengthen local HIV PMTCT work.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; Adult ; Child ; China ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Female ; HIV Infections ; Health ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Quality-Adjusted Life Years

Objective:To explore the occurrence time and risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients with acute cerebral infarction, so as to guide clinical prevention and treatment.Methods:1 129 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were selected as the research objects. According to whether DVT occurred, the patients were divided into DVT group ( n=22) and non DVT group ( n=1 107); The information was analyzed retrospectively and the occurrence time of DVT was counted. The independent risk factors of acute cerebral infarction complicated with DVT were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results:The time of DVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction was 10.5 (4-14) days. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in age, gender, atrial fibrillation, smoking, drinking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, peripheral artery disease, renal failure, anticoagulants, BMI, white blood cell, blood glucose at admission and length of stay between the DVT group and the non DVT group ( P<0.05). Multiple factors further confirmed that renal failure [odds ratio ( OR)=57.421; 95% confidence interval ( CI), 5.792-569.314)] and length of hospital stay ( OR=1.148; 95% CI: 1.071-1.232) were independent risk factors for DVT. Conclusions:The median time of DVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction was 10.5 days. Renal failure and hospital stay were independent influencing factors of DVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction. This is helpful to determine the best prevention and treatment duration of DVT in patients with acute cerebral infarction, make rational use of medical resources and formulate personalized prevention and treatment strategies.