Objective To identify the types of pulmonary complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy,and to discuss the prevention and management of these complications.Methods Clinical data of 165 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.Pulmonary complications were identified,therapeutic effects were observed.Results The incidence rate of pulmonary complications was 19.4％ ( 32/165),case-fatality rate was 6.25％ (2/32),two patients died from pneumonia,respiratory failure and ARDS.Complications mainly included pneumonia 13.9％ (23/165),pleural effusion 4.2％ (7/165),atelectasis 3.6％ (6/165),pneumothorax 1.8％ ( 3/165 ),respiratory failure 2.4％ (4/165) and ARDS 1.2％ (2/165).Conclusion Pulmonary complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy are not rare,especially for pulmonary infection and most are hospital acquired pneumonia.To understand rules and particularity of respiratory physiopathological changes after pancreaticoduodenectomy is very important for patients to safely pass over the perioperative period.

Objective: To investigate the status of overweight/obesity of the children and adolescents in Yanji City in 2016 and related lifestyles, and to clarify the influencing factors of overweight/obesity. Methods: A census method was used to investigate the heights and weights of 42 132 children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years old in urban area of Yanji City, and the body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Using stratified cluster random sampling method and questionnaire survey, a total of 1 523 children and adolescents aged 10-14 years old were enrolled to investigate dietary habits. The standard developed by Chinese Obesity Work Group was used to screen the children and adolescents with overweight and obesity. Using Logistic regression and mediating effect analysis method, the influencing factors of overweight/obesity were screened. Results: In 2016, the total detection rate of overweight and obesity of the children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years old in urban area of Yanji City were 16.7% and 18.4%, respectively; the total detection rate of overweight and obesity was 35.0%. The detection rates of overweight and obesity in the boys (18.6%, 22.0%) were higher than those in the girls (14.7%, 14. 4%) (P<0. 01). The detection rates of overweight in the boys in each age group from 7 to 13 years old were higher than those in the girls at the same age (P<0. 05 or P<0. 01), and the detection rates of obesity in the boys in each age group were higher than those in the girls (14. 4%) at the same age (P<0. 01). The detection rate of overweight at the boys peaked at 12 years old and the obesity detection rates were higher in the boys aged from 6 to 10 years old (23. 8% - 25. 6%); the detection rates of obesity during the ages of 11 to 17 years old were gradually decreased with the age increasing. Eating barbecue food more than 3 times a week (boys: OR = l. 767, P=0. 010, 95%CI =1. 148-2. 719; girls: OR = 2.205, P=0.002, 95% Cl = 1. 327-3. 664) and dieting to lose weight (boys: OR=2. 113, P<0.001, 95 % Cl = 1. 456-3. 065; girls; OR = 2.128, P<0.001, 95%CI = 1.430-3. 167) increased the risk of overweight/obesity in the children and adolescents, and eating sweet snacks 3 times or more a week (boys; OR = 0.359, P< 0.001, 95% Cl = 0. 226-0. 573; girls; OR = 0.324, P< 0.001, 95%CI=0.186-0.565) and daily meals on time (boys; OR = 0. 683, P=0. 028, 95%CI =0. 486-0. 960; girls: OR = 0. 624, P=0. 016, 95%CI=0. 424-0. 916) reduced the risk of overweight/obesity. Self-evaluation on body type had a full mediating effect between overweight and obesity and daily meals on time. Conclusion: The detection rate of overweight and obesity among the children and adolescents aged from 6 to 17 years old in Yanji City is at a relatively high level. Dietary habits and dieting are the major factors affecting overweight and obesity.

Objective: To explore the optimal cutoff values of blood pressure-to-height ratio (BPHR) for screening the hypertension of the adolescents, and to provide the basis for understanding the prevalence of hypertension in the adolescents in Yanji city of Jilin province. Methods: From September to October 2016, a total of 23 middle schools and high schools in Yanji city of JUin province were selected, and a total of 18 244 adolescents (9 567 boys and 8 677 girls) aged from 12 to 17 years old in Yanji city of JUin province were enrolled by means of whole population sampling. The blood pressure (BP) , heights and body weights of the adolescents were measured, and the systolic BP-to-height ratio (SBPHR) and diastolic BP-to-height ratio (DBPHR) were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values and evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV) and positive predictive value (PPV). Results: The prevalence of hypertension in the Korean and Han adolescents aged 12 - 17 years old were 12. 8% and 13. 0% for boys and 5.9% and 6.2% for girls, respectively; there was no significant difference in the prevalence of hypertensionbetweendifferentgendersintwonationalities(χ2= 0.091, P>0.05;=χ2 0.295, p>0.05). The total prevalence of hypertension was 12. 9% for boys and 6. 1% for girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ2)= 242.072, P<0. 01). The prevalence of hypertension of the boys at the age of 15 years old reached its peak and the curve of hypertension prevalence changed with age showed as a sudden increasing and sudden decreasing trend; the changes of prevalence of hypertension with age were little in the girls. The prevalence of hypertension in the boys aged 12 to 17 years old was significantly higher than that in the girls (P<0.05). The correlation between age and SBPHR in the boys was negative (r= - 0. 085, P<0. 01) , and there was no correlation between age and SBPHR in the girls (r= 0.018, P>0.05). The correlation between age and DBPHR in the boys aged 12 - 17 years old was negative (r -0. 080, P<0. 01) , and there was no correlation in the girls (r= - 0. 017, P> 0. 05) ; all the correlation coefficients were less than 0. 1, so it was judged that there was no significant correlation between age and BPHR. The threshold values of SBP screened by SBPHR were 0. 73 mmHg - cm ' in the boys aged 12 - 17 years old (sensitivity: 92.2%, specificity: 88.9%, PPV: 52.6%, NPV: 98.8%) and 0.75 mmHg-cm ' in the girls (sensitivity: 95.6%, specificity: 89.5%, PPV: 33.6%, NPV: 99.6%), respectively. The threshold values of DBP screened by DBPHR were 0. 49 mmHg - cm ' in the boys aged 12 - 17 years old (sensitivity: 91.6%, specificity: 93.9%, PPV: 35.3%, NPV: 99.6%) and 0.51 mmHg -cm ' in the girls (sensitivity: 89.8%, specificity: 94.3%, PPV: 26.7%, NPV: 99.8%), respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension in the adolescents aged 12 - 17 years old in Yanji city of JUin province is lower than the national average value, and BPHR can be used as an index to screen the hypertension of the adolescents aged 12 - 17 years old in Yanji city of JUin province.

Toxoplasma gondii infection is widespread worldwide, not only posing a serious threat to human food safety and animal husbandry, but also endangering human health. The selectivity index was employed to measure anti-T. gondii activity. Hederagenin (HE) exhibited potent anti-T. gondii activity and low cytotoxicity. For this reason, HE was selected for in vivo experiments. HE showed 64.8%±13.1% inhibition for peritoneal tachyzoites in mice, higher than spiramycin 56.8%±6.0%. Biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, illustrated that HE was a good inhibitor of T. gondii in vivo. This compound was also effective in relieving T. gondii-induced liver damage. Collectively, it was demonstrated that HE had potential as an anti-T. gondii agent.

Toxoplasma gondii infection is widespread worldwide, not only posing a serious threat to human food safety and animal husbandry, but also endangering human health. The selectivity index was employed to measure anti-T. gondii activity. Hederagenin (HE) exhibited potent anti-T. gondii activity and low cytotoxicity. For this reason, HE was selected for in vivo experiments. HE showed 64.8%±13.1% inhibition for peritoneal tachyzoites in mice, higher than spiramycin 56.8%±6.0%. Biochemical parameters such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glutathione, and malondialdehyde, illustrated that HE was a good inhibitor of T. gondii in vivo. This compound was also effective in relieving T. gondii-induced liver damage. Collectively, it was demonstrated that HE had potential as an anti-T. gondii agent.