The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of the single and mixed decoction of Thallus laminariae (kelp) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (licorice) on the metabolism and their difference. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice and the single decoction were made and intragastrically administered to the SD rats. The effect on system metabolism, the toxicity of liver and kidney were assessed by GC-MS profiling of the endogenous molecules in serum, routine biochemical assays and histographic inspection of tissues from SD rats, separately. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice induced more obvious pathological abnormalities in SD rats than a single decoction of kelp, while the extracts of licorice did not show any pathological change. Neither the mixed, nor the single decoction showed abnormal histopathology. After intragastric administration of extracts for 5 days, the mixed decoction induced a decrease of ALT (no significant change in the groups of single decoction) and an increase of BUN (so did the single decoction of kelp). Metabolomic profile of the molecules in serum revealed that the metabolic patterns were all obviously affected for the three groups, i.e., the mixed and single decoction of kelp and licorice. The rats given with the single decoction of kelp showed a similar pattern to that of the mixed decoction, indicating that the kelp primarily contributed the perturbation of metabolism for the mixed decoction. All three groups induced a decrease of branched chain amino acids, TCA cycle intermediates and glycolysis intermediates (e.g., pyruvic acid and lactic acid) and an increase of 3-hydroxybutyric acid. Kelp decoction showed stronger potential in reducing TCA cycle intermediates and glycolysis intermediates than the other two groups, while the levels of branched chain amino acids were the lowest after licorice extracts were given. These results suggested that the effect of the mixed decoction on metabolism was closely associated with both kelp and licorice. The continuous administration of single decoction of kelp and the mixed decoction of licorice and kelp resulted in pathological abnormalities in kidney of SD rats. The mixed decoction of kelp and licorice distinctly perturbed sera molecules and hence system metabolism, which showed associated with those of kelp and licorice. Although the metabolic effect was associated with both kelp and licorice, the results suggested kelp contributed to it primarily.

Objective To explore the methods to enhance the occupational quality and competence cultivation for nursing students and provide evidence for the scientific implementation of occupational planning and education. Methods To constructed scientific nursing education system, we utilized a series of measures, such as the innovated training model taking students as center, revised training model and methods, strengthen practice teaching, and regular management and assessment system and so on. Results It was effective to promote student′s occupational and competence, and could cultivate professional nurses with wild basic knowledge, high quality and strong adaptability, which acquired the satisfaction of graduated students and employer. Conclusions We should stabilize nurse team and enhance quality of nursing by constructing reasonable course system, professional training planning and training content and method, utilizing scientific and precise methods to research nurse′s occupational quality and competence training method.

Objective To explore the nursing occupational quality and ability of school-based curriculum development and practice and improve the comprehensive quality of nurses continually. Methods We surveyed and set up development leading group, wrote outline and teaching design, compiled school-based teaching materials and organized teaching activities. Results In 2010, students in Grade Three had to chose this course as compulsory course. Over the four years since developed the nursing course of ‘Occupational quality and competence’, 378 students (94. 5%) of the total 400 students participated in study believed this course was necessary to set up. Conclusions While build the high nursing education course system, it is feasible, practical and necessary to develop and improve the nurses′quality and competence by the course. Therefore, it is suggested to promote this course in different level nursing education of hospital schools.