The ancient discussion and modern clinical application regarding Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) in acupuncture verses are explored. Acupuncture verses are the summary of clinical experiences of acupuncture scholars in the past dynasties, of which the records on application of Yingxiang (LI 20) and Neiyingxiang (EX-HN 9) mainly focused on nasal, facial and head-eye diseases, which is characterized with overall summarization, brilliant exposition, simple language, and distinctive characteristics. Nowadays, based on the ancient usage, the clinical application about these two acupoints is continuously developing. If the ancient acupuncture verses could be understood thoroughly, the clinical practice could be better guided and its effects could be improved.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; China ; History, Ancient ; Humans ; Medicine in Literature ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; therapy

Based on the deletion information of high virulent PRRSV genome, 3 oligonucleotide primer were designed and synthesized. Specific and sensitive reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) assays were de-veloped for the detection of high virulent PRRSV. The sensitivity and specificity of RT-PCR assays were evaluated, the results showing that the detection limit of the assay was found to be 0.265 pg of tissue total RNA, and the protocol have no cross-reaction with classical swine fever virus, porcine circovirus type 2,pseudorabies virus, streptococcus, haemophilus parasuis and Escherichia coli. Then 36 cell cultures, two PRRSV live vaccine strains and 184 clinical specimens from 52 farms were tested. Five PRRSV field iso-lates were the high virulent PRRSV; two PRRSV live vaccine strains from normal PRRSV, and 123 speci-mens from 42 farmer were positive (only 1 specimen was normal PRRSV). This RT-PCR method proved to be accurate differential diagnosis of the high virulent PRRSV and normal PRRSV with the characteristics of rapidity, sensitivity and specificity, and has a strong clinical relevance.

Objective To examine the evolution of TCM patterns from Non-atrophic gastritis ( CSG) to atrophic gastritis ( CAG) .Methods We analyzed TCM patterns in 400 cases of chronic gastritis.χ2 test was used to compare the evolution of TCM patterns from CSG to CAG.Results There were nine essential pattern elements for chronic gastritis, namely, Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, dampness, heat, Yin deficiency, Yang deficiency, blood stasis, food accumulation, and cold.Eight basic pattern categories for chronic gastritis were liver-stomach disharmony, liver-stomach constraint heat, spleen cold and stomach heat, retention of heat in the interior, spleen-stomach weakness ( including Qi deficiency and yang deficiency) , phlegm obstructing the stomach collaterals, food accumulation, and stomach-Yin deficiency, respectively.Chi-square test showed that CSG was closely related to Qi deficiency, Qi stagnation, heat, Yang deficiency, blood stasis, food accumulation and coldness while CAG was related to dampness, particularly to Yin deficiency.The correlation between nine essential pattern elements and Hp-positive CSG were:food accumulation >Heat >Yin deficiency;food accumulation >Qi stagnation>Yin deficiency; indigestion >coldness >Yin deficiency; food accumulation >dampness; blood stasis >dampness;Qi deficiency >Yin deficiency;Yang deficiency>Yin deficiency;blood stasis >Yin deficiency.Hp-positive CAG was just the opposite.Chi-square test also showed that stomach-Yin deficiency pattern was related to CAG and that CSG was related to other six basic pattern types except the pattern of heat retention in the interior.The correlation between the eight basic pattern categories and Hp-positive CSG were:food accumulation >liver-stomach constraint heat >stomach-Yin deficiency; food accumulation >pattern of spleen-stomach weakness >stomach-Yin deficiency; food accumulation >accumulation of damp-heat; stasis obstructing stomach collateral >pattern of heat retention in the interior;liver-stomach disharmony >stomach-Yin deficiency; stasis obstructing stomach collaterals >stomach-Yin deficiency.Hp-positive CAG was just the opposite.Conclusion Food accumulation is the earliest TCM pattern in chronic gastritis, thereafter dampness, heat, and blood stasis.Pattern of heat retention in the interior and deficiency of Healthy Qi is present throughout the development of chronic gastritis.In CSG stage, excess of pathogenic factors is often dominant.Sometimes, deficiency and excess patterns may coexist.In CAG stage, deficiency of Healthy Qi is dominant.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy* ; Fibrosis/prevention & control* ; Hyperglycemia/prevention & control* ; Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology* ; Inflammation/prevention & control* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stilbenes/pharmacology*