Self-cloning is a favorable technique in modification of industrial microorganisms especially food microorganisms because of its bio-safety. A survey and outlook of research in breeding of self-cloning industrial brewing yeast were introduced in this study.

The yeast fusant ZFF-28, which is high in biomass production and rich in selenium, was constructed after mutagenesis and protoplasts fusion between yeast strains. The total selenium content of ZFF-28 is 1.8 and 1.0 times higher than that of the parental strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZY-67 and Saccharomyces kluyveri SZY-198 respectively. Using single factor tests and a L16(4(3) x 2(1)) orthogonal design, the cultivation conditions was optimized as: 50mL culture in 250mL shake flasks in molasses containing 6% sugar and 60microg/mL Se at 28 degree C for 25h at 220 r/min, with the initial pH adjusted to 6.0 - 6.5. Under the optimized conditions, the biomass (dry weight) reached 8.2g/L and the Se content of the cells reached 2050microg/g, with organic and inorganic Se contents being 91% and 9% respectively.
Biomass ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Saccharomyces ; genetics ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; genetics ; metabolism ; Selenium ; metabolism ; Selenium Compounds ; metabolism

Adult ; Gallbladder Diseases ; pathology ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; Humans ; Male

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Foreign-Body Migration ; etiology ; Hernia, Inguinal ; surgery ; Humans ; Intestinal Obstruction ; etiology ; Male ; Postoperative Complications ; etiology ; Surgical Mesh

OBJECTIVETo discuss the safety and the feasibility of laparoscopic selective portal inflow occlusion.

METHODSFrom January 2005 to February 2006, 7 patients were performed by laparoscopic hepatectomy with selective portal inflow occlusion. The patients included 1 male and 6 females, the mean age was 48.9 years, ranged from 31 to 70 years. Procedure included left lateral segmentectomies (4 patients), left hemihepatectomies (2 patients), and right hemihepatectomies (1 patient). Portal vein, hepatic artery and their branches were exposed by blunt dissection and performed selective portal occlusion with absorbable clips.

RESULTSThere is no conversion, no mortality, and no postoperative complication. Seven selective portal inflow occlusions were performed successfully. The mean operating time was 188.7 min (range 70 min to 300 min), the mean intraoperative blood loss was 625 ml (range 350 ml to 1000 ml), and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 8.4 days.

CONCLUSIONSLaparoscopic selective portal inflow occlusion is a safe and feasible technique.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; methods ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To investigate the effect of RablA on proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cell line 8226. Methods The siRNA interference was used to knockdown RablA gene. The multiple myeloma cell line 8226 was divided into blank control group, negative control group and RablA siRNA group. In the blank control group, the multiple myeloma cells were not treated. Multiple myeloma cells 8226 in the negative control group were transfected with negative control siRNA. The RablA siRNA group was transfected with Rabl A-targeted siRNA. The effect of RablA on multiple myeloma cell 8226 proliferation was analyzed by colony forming test and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The apoptosis of multiple myeloma cell 8226 was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting and Real-time PCR were used to observe the effect of RablA siRNA on the expression of c-Myc, cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Bax. Results The expressions of RablA mRNA and RablA protein in the RablA siRNA group were significantly down-regulated compared with those in the negative control group. The result of colony formation and CCK-8 assay showed that RablA siRNA inhibit the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells 8226. The early and late apoptosis ratio of multiple myeloma cell 8226 in RablA siRNA group increased significantly compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). The expression of cyclin D1 and Bcl-2 in the RablA siRNA group were significantly down-regulated compared with the negative control group (P<0.05), and the expression of c-Myc and Bax were significantly up-regulated compared with the negative control group (P<0.05). Conclusion RablA may promote the proliferation of multiple myeloma cells 8226 by regulating the expression of c-Myc, cyclin Dl, Bcl-2 and Bax, while RablA siRNA can effectively inhibit the expression of RablA in rpmi-8226 cells, thereby inhibiting its proliferation and promoting apoptosis.

Adult ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; methods ; Hepatectomy ; methods ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Liver ; blood supply ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Adult ; Cysts ; pathology ; surgery ; Endoscopes ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; pathology ; surgery ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; methods ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUNDLaparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has been a standard operation and replaced the open cholecystectomy (OC) rapidly because the technique resulted in less pain, smaller incision, and faster recovery. This study was to evaluate the value of blunt dissection in preventing bile duct injury (BDI) in laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).

METHODSFrom 2003 to 2015, LC was performed on 21,497 patients, 7470 males and 14,027 females, age 50.3 years (14-84 years). The Calot's triangle was bluntly dissected and each duct in Calot's triangle was identified before transecting the cystic duct.

RESULTSTwo hundred and thirty-nine patients (1.1%) were converted to open procedures. The postoperative hospital stay was 2.1 (0-158) days, and cases (46%) had hospitalization days of 1 day or less, and 92.8% had hospitalization days of 3 days or less; BDI was occurred in 20 cases (0.09%) including 6 cases of common BDI, 2 cases of common hepatic duct injury, 1 case of right hepatic duct injury, 1 case of accessory right hepatic duct, 1 case of aberrant BDI 1 case of biliary stricture, 1 case of biliary duct perforation, 3 cases of hemobilia, and 4 cases of bile leakage.

CONCLUSIONExposing Calot's triangle by blunt dissection in laparoscopic cholecystectomy could prevent intraoperative BDI.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bile Duct Diseases ; prevention & control ; Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ; methods ; Common Bile Duct ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDIt is difficult and time-consuming for carrying out conventional hand-sewn bilioenteric anastomosis, especially for small bile duct anastomosis and laparoscopic procedure. In order to simplify it, we have developed a novel procedure of sutureless bilioenteric anastomosis with an intraluminal degradable stent. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this technique with cholangioduodenostomy in dog model.

METHODSA patent intraluminal degradable stent tube for sutureless choledochoduodenostomy in dog model was made with polylactic acid in diameter of 3 mm or 4 mm. Thirty-eight dogs were randomly divided into to a stent group (SG, n = 20) and a control group (CG, n = 18). Dogs in the SG underwent sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with intraluminal stent, while the CG underwent conventional choledochoduodenostomy (single layer discontinuous anastomosis with absorbable suture). Dogs of each group were divided into 4 subgroups according to time of death (1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively) to evaluate the healing of anastomosis. Operation time, intraoperative tolerance pressure of anastomosis, rate of postoperative bile leakage, bursting pressure of anastomosis were compared between the two groups. Anastomosis tissue was observed afterwards by pathology evaluation, hydroxyproline content, serum bilirubin, liver enzyme level and magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP) to assess the stricture.

RESULTSAll procedures were completed successfully. The surgical time of the SG was significantly less than the CG (SG: (19.2 ± 4.3) minutes, vs. CG: (29.2 ± 7.1) minutes, P = 0.000). One bile leakage was occurred in either group. No significant difference of intraoperative tolerance pressure of anastomosis, rate of bile leakage and postoperative bursting pressure of anastomosis, anastomotic stricture, hydroxyproline content, serum bilirubin and liver enzyme level was found between the two groups. MRCP showed no anastomosis stricture and obstruction during months of follow-up.

CONCLUSIONThe technique of sutureless choledochoduodenostomy with a degradable intraluminal stent is feasible and a safe procedure in this dog model.

Animals ; Choledochostomy ; methods ; Dogs ; Female ; Male ; Stents