OBJECTIVETo study the condition of economic burden of disease in the countryside and to explore the related factors.

METHODSHuman capital method and two-step method were used in the calculation of economic burden of disease.

RESULTSThe total economic burden of disease among 3359 persons was 3072 225 Yuan. Noncommunicable conditions were accounted for 62.95%, while communicable disease, maternal and perinatal conditions accounted for 24.25%, and injury accounted for 9.83% respectively. The direct economic burden of disease was 1,559,619 Yuan and the indirect economic burden of disease was 1,472,606 Yuan. The economic burden of disease for each person was 914 Yuan. The equal burden of disease among patients with disability and without disability were 3070 Yuan and 680 Yuan respectively (P < 0.001). There was significant difference among different age groups. The influencing factors were found to include having noncommunicable disease, age, disability and the condition of marriage.

CONCLUSIONCorresponding policy to cope with conditions of different age groups needs to be developed to reduce the economic burden of disease in the countryside.

Absenteeism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; economics ; epidemiology ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; economics ; epidemiology ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Chronic Disease ; economics ; epidemiology ; Communicable Diseases ; economics ; epidemiology ; Cost of Illness ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rural Health

OBJECTIVETo compare insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) gene imprinting in twin placentas with singleton ones and to determine whether imprinting was influenced by assisted reproductive technology, zygosity and fetal sex.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty cases of twin placentas and 42 cases of singleton ones were recruited. Allele-specific IGF-II expression was determined by reverse transcription-PCR combined with analysis of an Apa I-sensitive restriction fragment length polymorphism.

RESULTSAlthough the incidence of IGF-II imprinting loss was higher in normal twin placentas than in singleton ones (20.6% vs 8.7%), there was no statistical significance. There were no significant differences between twins conceived by assisted reproductive technology and those conceived spontaneously (17.9% vs 24.4%), and between dizygotic and monozygotic twins (22.4% vs 16.7%). The incidence of IGF-II imprinting loss in placenta of female twins was statistically higher than that of male ones (26.4% vs 9.8%).

CONCLUSIONThe risk of IGF-II gene imprinting loss is higher in female twins and has no relationship with assisted reproductive technology and zygosity.

Adult ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II ; genetics ; Male ; Maternal Age ; Placenta ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pregnancy ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Twins ; genetics ; Young Adult

"The Expert Group on Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, The Tumor Ablation Committee of Chinese College of Interventionalists, The Society of Tumor Ablation Therapy of Chinese Anti-Cancer Association and The Ablation Expert Committee of the Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology" have organized multidisciplinary experts to formulate the consensus for thermal ablation of pulmonary subsolid nodules or ground-glass nodule (GGN). The expert consensus reviews current literatures and provides clinical practices for thermal ablation of GGN. The main contents include: (1) clinical evaluation of GGN, (2) procedures, indications, contraindications, outcomes evaluation and related complications of thermal ablation for GGN and (3) future development directions.
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