Objective To investigate the effects of Yangyin Recipe on atherosclerosis (AS) lesions, helper T cells 17 (Th17), and regulatory T cells (Treg) in apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-/-) mice under the heat shock protein (HSP) 65 attack, and explore the potential mechanisms. Methods ApoE-/- mice were fed with normal and high-fat diets respectively, and injected with sterile PBS or HSP65. Simvastatin was used as the positive drug to study the effects of Yangyin Recipe on blood lipids, plaques, Th17/Treg cells and related inflammation indicators in AS model mice. Drugs were all intragastric administrated with equal volume of normal saline as a control. Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were detected by esterase method; The area of aortic plaque was determined by oil red O staining; The amounts of IL-17A+CD4+ Th17 and Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ Treg cells in anticoagulated blood were determined by flow cytometry; Serum IL-6, IL-17, IL-2, TGF-β, and IL-10 were determined by ELISA; mRNA expression of Stat3, Stat5a, Foxp3 in spleens and Stat3, Stat5a in aortas were detected by qPCR; Protein expression of phosphorylated STAT3 (pSTAT3), phosphorylated STAT5 (pSTAT5), FOXP3 in spleen, and pSTAT3 in aortas were determined by Western blotting. Results Under the influence of Yangyin Recipe, serum TC, TG, LDL levels decreased (P < 0.01), and HDL increased (P < 0.05); Aortic plaque area decreased remarkably (P < 0.01); IL-17A+CD4+Th17 cells in peripheral blood decreased (P < 0.05), Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ Treg increased (P < 0.05), and Th17/Treg ratio decreased drastically (P < 0.01); Serum IL-6 decreased (P < 0.05), IL-2 (P < 0.01), TGF-β and IL-10 (P < 0.05) increased; Protein levels of pSTAT3 in spleens decreased (P < 0.01), but pSTAT5 (P < 0.01) and FOXP3 (P < 0.05) increased; Aortic Stat3 mRNA (P < 0.01) and pSTAT3 (P < 0.05) protein decreased. Conclusion Yangyin Recipe can improve hyperlipidemia and AS in ApoE-/- mice during HSP65 attack, and regulate the balance of Th17/Treg in peripheral blood and the secretion of inflammatory factors to improve inflammation, which may be related to attenuate IL-6/pSTAT3 and enhance IL-2/pSTAT5 signaling.

OBJECTIVE To explore the mechanism of intervention with atherosclerosis(AS)by Qingre Huoxue Yangyin Decoction and its functional units.METHODS The AS model of SD rats was successfully established with high fat diet and balloon injury.The model rats were randomly divided into model group,whole group,Huoxue group,Yangyin group,Qingre group and positive group,and received the intragastric administration,respectively.The blank group was fed with normal diet without medication.The changes of each group on blood lipid,arterial lesion and Th1/Th2-related cytokines were observed af-ter 4 weeks.RESULTS ①Compared to the model group,the whole decoction significantly reduced the plaque proportion and TG(P<0.05),increased HDL-C(P<0.05);reduced Th1-related cytokines TNF-αand INF-γ(P<0.05),increased Th2-re-lated cytokine IL-4(P<0.05).②Each function unit compared with the model group:Yangyin group obviously elevated IL-4 and decreased TG(P<0.05),Qingre group obviously decreased the IFN-γ,LDL-C and plaque proportion(P<0.05),Huox-ue group significantly reduced plaque ratio(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Qingre Yangyin Huoxue Decoction and each function u-nit can play a role in anti-atherogenesis by lowering blood lipids and regulating Th1 and Th2 subpopulations differentiation im-balance.

Surgery is so far the most effective treatment for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since the 1990s, the pathology spectrum of early-stage lung cancer has gradually changed because of the increased detection of ground-glass opacity (GGO). The findings from preoperative thin-section computed tomography are strong predictors for the invasiveness and lymph node involvement of GGO, and limited surgery is believed to be implemented safely for radiological less invasive lesions, which calls into question the dominance of lobectomy. After the JCOG0201 trial establishing the radiologic criteria of pathological noninvasiveness for lung adenocarcinoma, the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) and the West Japan Oncology Group (WJOG) have successively carried out a series of prospective imaging-guided trials to investigate the optimal surgical procedure for early-stage lung cancer. JCOG0804, was a single-arm, non-randomized, confirmatory trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sublobar resection (wedge resection and segmentectomy) for GGO dominant peripheral lung cancer. The primary end point was 5-year relapse-free survival. JCOG0802/WJOG4607L, was a multicentre, open-label, phase 3, randomized, controlled, non-inferiority trial to investigate if segmentectomy was non-inferior to lobectomy in patients with small-sized peripheral NSCLC. The primary endpoint was 5-year overall survival. JCOG1211 was also a non-randomized confirmatory trial to confirm the efficacy of a segmentectomy for clinical T1N0 lung cancer with dominant GGO. The primary endpoint was 5-year relapse-free survival. The findings of JCOG0804 and JCOG0802, and the primary analysis results of JCOG1211 have been officially published. This article systematically reviewed and interpreted the results of the JCOG lung cancer surgery trial series.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/surgery* ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic ; Humans ; Japan ; Lung Neoplasms/surgery* ; Multicenter Studies as Topic ; Prospective Studies ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Complicated chemical reactions occur in the decoction of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs) which features complex components, influencing the safety, efficacy, and quality controllability of TCMs. Therefore, it is particularly important to clarify the chemical reaction mechanism of TCMs in the decoction. This study summarized eight typical chemical reactions in the decoction of TCMs, such as substitution reaction, redox reaction, isomerization/stereoselective reaction, complexation, and supramolecular reaction. With the "toxicity attenuation and efficiency enhancement" of aconitines and other examples, this study reviewed the reactions in decoction of TCMs, which was expected to clarify the variation mechanisms of key chemical components in this process and to help guide medicine preparation and safe and rational use of medicine in clinical settings. The current main research methods for chemical reaction mechanisms of decoction of TCMs were also summed up and compared. The novel real-time analysis device of decoction system for TCMs was found to be efficient and simple without the pre-treatment of samples. This device provides a promising solution, which has great potential in quantity evaluation and control of TCMs. Moreover, it is expected to become a foundational and exemplary research tool, which can advance the research in this field.
Medicine ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Research Design