Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Liver ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo compare the performance of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in the assessment of the lesions in dense breast, and to estimate the difference in diagnosis of breast disease by FFDM images alone and FFDM plus DBT images.

METHODSAccording to the breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS), 134 patients were selected. The morphology of the lesions shown on FFDM and DBT were evaluated and compared, and the maximum diameter of the lesions was measured. At first, doctors made the diagnosis of a patient by reading FFDM only. Then they made another diagnosis by combining with DBT images of the same patient. The two diagnoses were compared and analyzed according to the pathology results.

RESULTSOne hundred and thirty-four patients were included in this study, and all of them were confirmed by histology (65 benign cases, 69 malignant cases). DBT could show more details about the morphology of the lesions, including the border of the masses, spiculation and vessels. The numbers of those signs detected by DBT were 46, 30 and 3, respectively, while only 33 case with circumscribed masses and 14 cases with spiculation were detected by FFDM. Only the difference of spiculation in heterogeneously dense breast detected by DBT and FFDM was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Of the cases with calcifications, DBT images (reconstructed as a 1-mm-thick slice) showed calcifications superior to FFDM in 2 cases, equal to FFDM in 23 cases, and inferior to FFDM in 11 cases. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). But when thickness was changed into 1 cm, the visibility of calcifications in those cases was equal between FFDM and DBT. The maximum diameter of lesions was 2.46 ± 1.64 cm in DBT image, and 2.58 ± 1.62 cm in FFDM image, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Comparing with reading FFDM images only, the accuracy of FFDM combining with DBT was increased from 88.8% to 91.8%. For FFDM, the AUC of ROC was 0.887, while for DBT it was increased to 0.912, with a non-significant difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDBT is superior to FFDM in the morphological characterization and small calcification in the lesions in dense breast. Combining FFDM and DBT improves the accuracy of diagnosis, but the difference is not statistically significant.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Breast Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; Calcinosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma in Situ ; diagnostic imaging ; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Fibroadenoma ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Mammography ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Radiographic Image Enhancement ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult

Professor GU Wei-chao is with great academic and clinical experience. He has thoughts in ZHANG Xi-chun's academic thoughts, especially his application of Zhang's theory. He added Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma, Agrimoniae Herba, Taxilli Herba, Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, Corni Fructus, and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparata cum Melle to Shengxian Decoction to make modified Shengxian Decoction to strengthen the efficacy of invigorating qi and ascending qi collapse, reinforcing heart and astringing qi, cultivating the essence and notifying kidney, and inducing resuscitation and allaying tiredness, with a purpose to treat sinking qi syndrome of heart and lung diseases and expand the application areas of Zhang's Shengxian Decoction. This article introduced experience of GU Wei-chao in treating heart and lung diseases by using modified Shengxian Decoction through three clinical cases of effusion after lung surgery, chest and heart pain and difficulties in breathing.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the risk factors for recurrent wheezing in infants and young children suffering from dust mite allergy after their first wheezing.

METHODSA total of 1 236 infants and young children who experienced a first wheezing episode and were hospitalized between August 2014 and February 2015 were enrolled, among whom 387 were allergic to dust mites. These infants and young children were followed up to 1 year after discharge. A total of 67 infants and young children who experienced 3 or more recurrent wheezing episodes within 1 year were enrolled as the recurrent wheezing group, while 84 infants and young children who did not experience recurrent wheezing during follow-up were enrolled as the control group. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis were performed to investigate the risk factors for recurrent wheezing in these patients.

RESULTSThe univariate analysis showed that the age on admission, wheezing time before admission, Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection rate, and influenza virus infection rate were associated with recurrent wheezing. The multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis showed that the older age on admission (OR=2.21, P=0.04) and Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection (OR=3.54, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for recurrent wheezing.

CONCLUSIONSInfants and young children who are allergic to dust mites, especially young children, have a significantly increased risk of recurrent wheezing if they are complicated by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection during the first wheezing episode.

Animals ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; complications ; Infant ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Pyroglyphidae ; immunology ; Recurrence ; Respiratory Sounds ; etiology ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVETo review the experience for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava.

METHODSFrom July 2003 to May 2005, hepatectomy combined with thrombectomy were performed on 7 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava. In order to remove the tumor thrombus in inferior vena cava, total hepatic vascular exclusion were adopted on all cases to control the blood flow of IVC. According to the position of extension of tumor thrombus, 5 different procedures were adopted in the cases to control the suprahepatic IVC and extract the tumor thrombus out of IVC and atrium. Procedure 1: Median sternotomy, extracorporeal bypass, cardiac arrest, incision on right atrium and IVC were performed on 1 case for thrombectomy. Procedure 2: Median sternotomy, extracorporeal bypass without cardiac arrest, incision on IVC and (or without) incision on right atrium were performed on 2 cases for thrombectomy. Procedure 3: Abdominal approach to control intrapericardial IVC through an incision on diaphragm was performed on 1 case for thrombectomy. Procedure 4: Abdominal approach to control suprahepatic IVC above diaphragm through a small incision made on vena cava foramen for thrombectomy was performed on 1 case. Procedure 5: Abdominal approaches to control suprahepatic IVC below diaphragm for thrombectomy were performed on 2 cases.

RESULTSAll operations were successfully performed. The postoperative complications included pleural effusion in 1 case, subphrenic fluid collection in 1 case and wound infection in 1 case. The average survival time of 7 cases was 9.8 month. The longest survival time was 26 months.

CONCLUSIONHepatectomy and thrombectomy can be safely performed on the case of HCC combined with tumor thrombus in IVC. Surgical treatment can relieve the patient from the risk of sudden death caused by heart failure and pulmonary.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; surgery ; Embolectomy ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplastic Cells, Circulating ; Vena Cava, Inferior ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate immunogenicity after primary vaccination by different sequential program of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV).

METHODSChildren of 2 months old (60-89 days) selected in Beijing were assigned to 4 groups, 1 dose IPV plus 2 doses OPV (I-O-O, 122 children), 2 doses IPV plus 1 dose OPV(I-I-O, 103 children), 3 doses IPV (I-I-I, 114 children), and 3 doses OPV (O-O-O, 106 children), and were vaccinated at the age of 2, 3, 4 months. Polio neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were tested and protective rates were calculated before the 1st dose, after the last dose, and after the 1st and 2nd dose of IPV.

RESULTSAfter the primary immunization, geometric mean titers (GMT) of polio neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were 788.32, 738.42 and 631.17 in O-O-O group, 212.02, 262.30 and 537.52 in I-I-I group, 940.35, 929.72 and 940.35 in I-O-O group and 901.09, 1102.68 and 1110.12 in I-I-O group (F values were 47.71, 53.84, and 9.81 respectively, all P values<0.01). The protective rate of three types among each group was 98.1% (104/106)-100.0% and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). After the 1(st) dose of IPV, the GMT were 18.88, 37.77, 24.64 and the protective rate was 82.6% (122/138)-96.4% (133/138); after the 2nd dose of IPV, GMT were 177.03, 168.25, 321.86 and the protective rate was 99.1% (108/109)-100.0% (109/109) in antibody types 1, 2 and 3, respectively.

CONCLUSIONGMT of polio neutralizing antibody titers against poliovirus is higher after vaccination by sequential program of IPV and OPV than that by IPV or OPV 3-doses program. High level of protective rate after 2 doses of IPV in I-I-O group may lead to better protection from vaccine associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP). Sequential program of IPV and OPV can be used to maintain high level of herd immunity and to prevent VAPP, and the I-I-O sequential program should be the first choice.

Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Infant ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Poliovirus Vaccine, Oral ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Vaccines, Attenuated ; immunology

Objective: To investigate the effect of centrosomal protein Cep63 on the apoptosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) cell lines TPC-1 and underlying mechanism. Methods: With collected PTC tissues and adjacent tissues, Cep63 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and its relationship with clinicopathological factors was analyzed. The experiment included negative control group (NC), low expression group (Cep63(-)) and overexpression group (Cep63(+)), and wild-type TPC-1 cells were transfected with Cep63 lentivirus. The efficiency of Cep63 was detected by western blot (WB) and qRT-PCR. Cell proliferation ability was detected by plate cloning experiment and MTT assay. Cell apoptotic rate was detected by flow cytometry, and expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry and WB. The t-test was used to compare the differences in the means between the two groups, the one-way analysis of variance was used to compare multiple groups, and the chi-square test was used to analyze the association between gene expression levels and pathological factors. Results: Compared with NC group, cell proliferation ability was significantly decreased in Cep63(-) group (3.18±0.07 vs. 2.14±0.09, t=8.54, P<0.01) and significantly increased in Cep63(+) group (3.18±0.07 vs. 3.58±0.10, t=3.21, P<0.05). Apoptotic rates in NC, Cep63 (-) and Cep63 (+) groups were respectively 3.03%±0.24%, 8.66%±0.44% and 1.17%±0.44%, and the flow cytometry showed that the low expression of Cep63 significantly increased the apoptosis TPC-1 cells (F=157.7, P<0.001). Bcl-2 protein expression levels of NC, Cep63 (-) and Cep63 (+) groups were respectively 1.07±0.03, 0.49±0.01 and 1.99±0.09, and BAX protein expression levels of three groups were respectively 0.64±0.02, 1.06±0.01 and 0.21±0.03. WB showed that the expression level of Bcl-2 decreased (F=183.2, P<0.001), while the expression level of BAX was significantly up-regulated (F=283.7, P<0.001). Conclusion: Cep63 may regulate the apoptotic process of TPC-1 cells through Bcl-2/BAX pathway and Cep63 may be a potential oncogene of PTC.
Apoptosis ; Carcinoma, Papillary/genetics* ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/genetics* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/genetics*