Adult ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Xuezhikang (, XZK) on renal cell apoptosis in diabetic rats and the possible mechanism.

METHODSSixty-six rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: the normal, model and XZK groups. In each group, the rats were further randomly divided into 3-month and 6-month subgroups, respectively. Diabetes of rats was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 1% streptozocin at 60 mg/kg body weight. Rats in the XZK group received gastric perfusion of XZK (1200 mg/kg body weight) everyday for 3 or 6 months, while rats in the normal and model groups received equal volume of saline. Twenty-four hours' urine was collected for urinary albumin excretion (UAE) measurement. Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and Masson's trichrome staining were used for saccharides and collagen detection. Cell apoptosis of renal cortex was investigated by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot, respectively. Cytochrome C (Cyt C) and caspase-9 concentration were detected by Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the model group, XZK treatment could significantly decrease the kidney hypertrophy index, 24 h UAE, renal cell apoptosis, cytoplasmic Cyt C level and active caspase-9 level, as well as suppress the increment of Bax and up-regulate the expression of Bcl-2, leading to the suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio at 3 and 6 months (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, XZK treatment could alleviate the deposition of PAS-stained saccharides and Masson's trichromestained collagen to different extent.

CONCLUSIONSRenal cell apoptosis was observed in diabetic kidney, in which mitochondrial apoptotic pathway might be involved. XZK treatment could attenuate pathological changes in diabetic kidney and reduce renal cell apoptosis, probably via the suppression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which lead to inhibition of Cyt C release and following caspase-9 activation.

Albuminuria ; blood ; complications ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cytochromes c ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertrophy ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Kidney ; drug effects ; pathology ; Kidney Glomerulus ; pathology ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Mesangial Cells ; drug effects ; pathology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Streptozocin ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

Common bile duct (CBD) stones are a frequent problem in Chinese populations, and their incidence is particularly high in certain areas (Wang et al., 2013). In recent years, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been the main surgical procedures for CBD stones, although each has different advantages and disadvantages in the treatment of choledocholithiasis (Loor et al., 2017; Zhou et al., 2017). For patients with large stones, a dilated CBD, especially concurrent gallstones, LCBDE is the preferred and most economical minimally invasive procedure (Koc et al., 2013). However, a T-tube is often placed during LCBDE to prevent postoperative bile leakage; this is associated with problems such as bile loss, electrolyte disturbance, and decreased gastric intake (Martin et al., 1998). In addition, the T-tube usually must remain in place for more than a month, during which time the patient's quality of life is seriously compromised. Many skilled surgeons currently perform primary closure of the CBD following LCBDE, which effectively speeds up rehabilitation (Hua et al., 2015). However, even in sophisticated medical centers, the incidence of postoperative bile leakage still reaches ≥10% (Liu et al., 2017). Especially for a beginner, bile leakage remains a key problem (Kemp Bohan et al., 2017). Therefore, a safe and effective minimally invasive surgical approach to preventing bile leakage during primary closure of the CBD after LCBDE is still urgently needed.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Choledocholithiasis ; Common Bile Duct Diseases ; Drainage/methods* ; Female ; Gallstones ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective Preparing rat model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by fat-rich diet to observe the expression and the role of LXR-α in rat nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods Thirty-six SD rats were randonmized into basic diet-control group and high-fat diet group. Each of the two groups was subdivided into 3 subgroups(4,8,12 weeks). Changes in animal weight, liver exponent and the level of TG and TC in serum and liver were observed dynamically. Meanwhile, the expression of hepatocyte LXR-α and SREBP-1c were assayed by Reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction at 4,8, 12 weeks. The level of steatosis was observed under light microscope after haematoxylon-eosin (HE)staening. Results Compared with control group, body weight, liver exponcnt,TG and Tc in serum and liver were increased dynamically in model groups. Compared with control group, the mRNA of LXR-α and SREBP-1c were obviously increased dynamically in model groups(P < 0.05). Conclusion The increase of LXR-α and SREBP-1c in liver may be eoneered with energy disorder and closely associated with the activity of inflammation and the severity of the liver damage in NAFLD rats.

OBJECTIVECentral obesity is considered to be a central component of metabolic syndrome. Waist circumference (WC) has been widely used as a simple indicator of central obesity. This study is aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of WC cut-off values for predicting metabolic risk factors in middle-aged Chinese.

METHODSThe study involved 923 subjects aged 40-65 years. The metabolic risk factors were defined according to the Chinese Joint Committee for Developing Chinese Guidelines on Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults. WC cut-off 85-90 cm and ⋝90 cm were used as cut-off values of central pre-obesity and central obesity in males, respectively, while WC 80-85 cm and ⋝85 cm were used as cut-off values of central pre-obesity and central obesity in females.

RESULTSFirst, WC values corresponding to body mass index (BMI) 24 kg/m2 and visceral fat area (VFA) 80 cm2 were 88.55 cm and 88.51 cm in males, and 81.46 cm and 82.51 cm in females respectively. Second, receiver operating characteristic curves showed that the optimal WC cut-off of value was 88.75 cm in males, higher than that in females (81.75 cm). Third, the subjects with higher WC values were more likely to have accumulating metabolic risk factors. The prevalence of metabolic risk factors increased linearly and significantly in relation to WC levels.

CONCLUSIONWC cut-off values of central pre-/central obesity are optimal to predict multiple metabolic risk factors.

Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; physiopathology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; diagnosis ; ROC Curve ; Waist Circumference

OBJECTIVETo report our primary experience with immediate breast reconstruction using laparoscopically harvested omental flap after breast-conserving surgery. The safety, feasibility, and clinical effect are also evaluated.

METHODSFrom Jun. 2010 to Jan. 2011, 5 cases who underwent immediate breast reconstruction using laparoscopically harvested omental flap after breast-conserving surgery were retrospectively analyzed. The operative duration, postoperative days in hospital, complication and therapeutic effect were reviewed.

RESULTSAll the patients were treated successfully without laparotomy. The average operative duration was 310 min, including 60 min for harvesting the omental flap. The median postoperative days in hospital was 8 days (ranged, 5-9 days). One case complained of slight pulled feeling in upper abdomen. No other complication happened. The cosmetic result of reconstructed breasts was satisfactory.

CONCLUSIONSThe immediate breast reconstruction using laparoscopically harvested omental flap is safe and feasible with less morbidity in donor sites and good cosmetic effect. It is one of the ideal methods for immediate breast reconstruction.

Adult ; Breast Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Mammaplasty ; methods ; Mastectomy, Segmental ; Middle Aged ; Omentum ; transplantation ; Postoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Flaps ; Treatment Outcome

To increase drug concentration in the head through intranasal administration, we have investigated the excised animal nasal mucosa permeability and nasal toxicity of the baicalin drug carrier systems, such as baicalin liposomes, beta-cyclodextrin inclusion compound, and phospholipid complex. A transport of baicalin drug carrier systems through nasal mucosa was simulated in diffusion chamber in vitro, and swine, caprine and rabbit nasal mucosa was used, the concentration of drug in the receptor was determined by HPLC. By taking the apparent permeability coefficients as evaluation standard, investigated the isolated animal nasal mucosa permeability of different baicalin drug systems was investigated for screening the best baicalin drug carrier system through nasal cavity administration. Toxicity of baicalin and its phospholipids complex on toad palate mucosal cilia movement and rats nasal mucosa long-term toxicity were studied in vivo. The apparent permeability coefficient of three kinds of baicalin drug carrier systems was better than that of baicalin (P < 0.05), and its lag-time was obviously shortened. At the same time, the apparent permeability coefficient of phospholipid complex was higher than those of other two drug carrier systems (P < 0.05). The results showed that the baicalin phospholipids complex nasal mucosa permeability was obviously superior to the other two drug systems. Baicalin phospholipids complex had no toxicity to ciliary movement, and had no irritation to rat nasal mucosa. The results show that baicalin phospholipid complex was the best baicalin drug carrier system, it could significantly enhance the permeability of baicalin across nasal mucosa, had no toxicity to nasal mucosa, and could be used for intranasal administration.
Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Bufo bufo ; Drug Carriers ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Female ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Goats ; Liposomes ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Male ; Nasal Mucosa ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Palate ; drug effects ; Permeability ; Phospholipids ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Swine ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; pharmacokinetics ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical value of electron-beam CT (EBCT) single flow mode study (EBCTSF) in combination with EBCT coronary angiography (EBCTCA) and three dimensional reconstruction using medial axis reformation (MAR) for diagnosis of coronary in-stent stenosis.

METHODSElectrocardiogram-gated EBCT single coronary scanning (without and with contrast medium) was performed in 25 consecutive coronary heart disease (CHD) patients during a short breathhold. EBCTSF was then performed at the level nearly distal to stent. Three-dimensional coronary images were reformed using MAR. EBCT findings were compared with that of conventional coronary angiography (CAG).

RESULTSThirty-five intracoronary stents were implanted in thirty-one diseased vessel segments. EBCTSF procedure was unsuccessful in 2 patients (successful rate was 92.0%, 23/25). There was a significant decrease in flow peak value (Dp), increased value (Deltad) and area under curve (A), and a significant increase in prolonged peak time (Td) in stenosed stents compared to normal stents (P < 0.05). EBCTCA was successful for all patients. Seven stenosed stents (5 in left anterior descending branch and 2 in right coronary) were correctly evaluated with EBCT. Compared with CAG, EBCTSF in combination with EBCTCA images and MAR reconstruction images had a diagnostic sensitivity of 85.0% (6/7) and a specificity of 92.9% (26/28) for detecting significant in-stent stenosis (> 50% lumen diameter). Positive and negative predictive value were 75.0% (6/8) and 96.5% (26/27) respectively. Compared with EBCT cross-section images alone, or cross-section images and three-dimensional images, the diagnostic accuracy increased from 80.0% and 88.6% to 91.4% (32/35).

CONCLUSIONSNoninvasive EBCTSF can be used to quantitatively analyze coronary flow characteristics. This technique, used in combination with EBCTCA and three dimensional reconstruction using MAR, seems to be an effective imaging modality in identifying coronary in-stent stenosis. For stent-implanted patients with atypical and nonischemic chest pain after coronary intervention, the above-mentioned technique is of important value for evaluating therapeutic effect and follow-up results.

Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Restenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stents ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods

The outcome and influencing factors in the reversion of impaired glucose regulation(IGR)to normal glycemia(NG)after health education for one year were analyzed by the criterion of American Diabetes Association 2003.The results showed that the improvement of glucose regulation well accorded with the improvement of insulin resistance and islet 13-cell function.Fasting plasma glucose,fasting insulin,triglycerides, insulin resistance and islet?-cell function were the influencing factors for the reversion of IGR to NG.

OBJECTIVETo identify independent risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI) in Chinese men and to develop a model to predict risk profile of an individual suffering MI.

METHODSStudy sample included 5 137 men aged 45.2 +/- 7.8 years who came from a cohort in Beijing Capital Steel and Iron Company, based on the three surveys on coronary heart disease conducted in 1974, 1979 and 1980, respectively. Demographic data and other risk factors, such as life style, medical history, blood pressure, total serum cholesterol level (TC), etc. were collected according to the same protocol in 1980. All the participants were followed up for MI in an average period of 20.84 years until 2001.

RESULTS(1) There were 122 cases with MI identified during the period of follow-up, with an incidence of MI 117.4 per 100 000 person-years. Age of more than 50, smoking, higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) levels, higher TC all were identified as important risk factors of MI. (2) Incidence of MI increased with TC. An increment of 0.52 mmol/L of TC significantly increased relative risk of MI by approximately 40% after adjusted for age, blood pressure and smoking. (3) An increment of 20 mm Hg in SBP or 10 mm Hg in DBP associated with a 40% increase in incidence of MI, adjusting for age, TC and smoking. (4) Smoking was the most risky factors for MI. Smokers had 2.3 times risk of MI, after as compared to non-smokers (or its incidence increased by 137%), after adjusting for blood pressure, TC and age, etc. (5) Incidence of MI increased by 20% with increment of five-year of age in those aged over 50 (P < 0.05), after adjusting for blood pressure, TC and smoking. And, (6) finally, based on multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses, a model containing several risk factors, such as age, blood pressure, TC and smoking, was developed to predict individual's risk for afflicting MI.

CONCLUSIONSResults of this prospective study showed several established risk factors for MI, including age, blood pressure, TC and smoking all as independent predictors of MI in Chinese men. It is clear and rational that intervention and modification of those traditional risk factors can lead to a decrease in coronary events in Chinese population.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iron ; Male ; Metallurgy ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Myocardial Infarction ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Steel ; Triglycerides ; blood