Obejective To explore the diagnostic and curative evaluation value of gastrin-releasing pep-tide precursor (ProGRP) and neuron specific enolization enzyme (NSE) in small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Methods Sixty SCLC patients, sixty non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and forty patients with be-nign pulmonary disease were collected fromJanuary 2014 to October 2015. The levels of serum ProGRP and NSE in all patients were determined by ELISA method and radioimmunoassay respectively then the clinical value of ProGRP and NSE on SCLC was evaluated. Results The levels of ProGRP and NSE in SCLC group were signif-icantly higher than those in NSCLC group and those in lung benign disease group (P < 0.05). The levels of Pro-GRP and NSE in extensive stage were higher than those in limited stage in SCLC group (P < 0.05). The bound-ary value of SCLC through ProGRP identified through ROC curve was 64.68 pg/mL. The diagnostic sensitivity , specific degree and Youdenindex of ProGRP in SCLC were 86.7%, 97.5% and 0.842 respectively, which were significantly higher than NSE (P < 0.05). After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, serum ProGRP in SCLC disease con-trol groupwere significantly decreased(P < 0.05) but on difference of serum ProGRP was found in SCLC progres-siongroup (P > 0.05). Conclusion ProGRP and NSE can be used as markers for the diagnostic and curative evaluation of SCLC. And ProGRP has higher sensitivity and specificity than NSE and can be promoted in clinic.

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of SPIO in known liver lesions.Methods:30 patients with known liver lesion were underwent MRI.The contrast noise rate(CNR)of lesion to liver and the relative enhancement rate(RE)of liver were measured at 10、30、45、70 min and 16 hour after SPIO was injected.The dynamic curve of signal-noise were made and analysed.Results:The study shown that the hepatic parenchyma had a significantly negative enhancement in T 2 weight of SE and GRE sequence.However,the signal intensity showed few changes in hepatic metastases and only a little positive or negative enhancement in angioma、HCC and FNH.Conclusion:SPIO,as a negative contrast media for liver,has a significantly efficacy to show liver lesions,and as liver lesion-specific contrast MR agent,is worth being explored. [

OBJECTIVEMyasthenia gravis is an autoimmunity disease and its pathogenesis has not been fully identified. Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) shows an abnormal expression in other autoimmunity diseases. This study examined the mRNA expression of two isoforms of HSP90 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and serum cortisol content in children with myasthenia gravis.

METHODSThirty-six children with myasthenia gravis and 19 healthy children were enrolled. Serum cortisol content was measured by the chemiluminescence assay. The expression of HSP90alpha and HSP90beta mRNA in PBMC was detected by the RT-PCR technique.

RESULTSThe mRNA expression of HSP90alpha (0.7329+/- 0.2120) and HSP90beta (0.7193+/- 0.2869) in children with myasthenia gravis was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (0.5574+/- 0.2084 and 0.4892+/- 0.2104 respectively) (P<0.01). Serum cortisol content (285.04+/- 146.39 nmol/L) in children with myasthenia gravis was also higher than that in the healthy controls (196.25+/- 64.52 nmol/L) (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe high mRNA expression of HSP90alpha and HSP90beta in PBMC might be associated with the development of myasthenia gravis. The high serum cortisol level indicates a high stress state or might be correlated to the glucocorticoid receptor abnormality in children with myasthenia gravis.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; HSP90 Heat-Shock Proteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone ; blood ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; metabolism ; Male ; Myasthenia Gravis ; etiology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; blood

OBJECTIVEThis study compared the differences in clinical features between chronic aplastic anemia (CAA) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in children in order to provide a basis for the differential diagnosis of the two diseases.

METHODSA retrospective study of 23 cases of CAA and 9 cases of MDS from September 2007 to September 2010 was performed. The clinical data including routine blood test results, reticulocyte counts, serum lactate dehydrogenase level, serum ferritin level, cytological examination of bone marrow, bone marrow CD34+ cell counts, bone marrow chromosome and FISH test results were compared between the CAA and MDS groups.

RESULTSNeutrophils, reticulocytes, and serum ferritin and lactate dehydrogenase levels increased in the MDS group compared with those in the CAA group. There were significant differences in bone marrow blast cell counts and dyshematopoiesis phenomena of three lines blood cells between the CAA and MDS groups. The bone marrow CD34+ cell counts and the rate of chromosomal abnormalities detected in bone marrow cytogenetic analysis in the MDS group were significantly higher than those in the CAA group.

CONCLUSIONSThere are differences in the results of laboratory examinations and morphological and cytogenetic examinations of bone marrow between the children with CAA and MDS. The differences are useful to the differential diagnosis of the two diseases.

Anemia, Aplastic ; genetics ; pathology ; Bone Marrow Examination ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chronic Disease ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes ; genetics ; pathology

Background Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a monogenic inheritance and blinding disease of fundus oculi.There is not an effective therapeutic method now.Objective This work was to identify the mutations of RP1 gene in Chinese RP patients in Ningxia area and to explore the potential interactions in the pathogenesis of RP.Methods The periphery blood of 3-5 ml was collected from 110 individuals with RP(35 ADRP and 75SRP)and 100 normal controls in Ningxia area.Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct DNA sequencing were used to screening the sequence alterations in the entire coding region and splice sites of RP1 gene.Multivariate analysis and two web-based programs( PolyPhen and SIFT) were used to analyze the results.Results Eleven mutation locus were detected in the exon 4 of RP1 gene including two novel sequence variants:p.Lys1152Lys without a higher mutation rate in comparison with normal control group(x2 =9.12 P＜0.01 ),but c.* 247A＞C with a higher mutation rate in comparison with normal control group(x2 =12.77,P＜0.01 ) and c.* 247A＞C mutation was thought to be correlated with RP( r=1.11,P＜0.05 ).The other ten mutation locus were reported as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP).The mutation rate of p.Gln1725Gln was found to be higher in the RP patients than the normal controls (x2 =42.09,P＜0.01 ),but no the significant correlation was seen between the pathogenesis of RP and mutation of p.Gln1725Gln(r=1.74,P＞0.05).p.Lys1152Lys mutation was found in only 1 patient.Three SNPs( p.Arg872His,Ala1670Thr,Ser1691Pro) were always occurred in the same 83 RP patient and the relevance ratio was higher than controls ( P＜0.01 ).The age of night blindness on patients with concurrent three mutations was (30.54± 13.68 ) years,and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.50 ± 0.38.The age of night blindness on patients without concurrent three mutations was(21.06± 16.24) years,and the BCVA was 0.40 ±0.33 and were higher than controls ( t =2.11,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions In this study,the prevalence of RP1 mutations among the RP patients in Ningxia population was lower than other populations (＜ 1％ ).The alliance of SNPs (p.Arg872His、p.Ala1670Thr、p.Ser1691Pro) may play a protective role on RP patients and reduce the frequency of mutatiaon in RP1 gene.

The paradigm of a real world study has become the frontiers of clinical researches, especially in the field of Chinese medicine, all over the world in recent years. In this paper, ethical issues which probably exist in real-world studies are raised and reviewed. Moreover, some preliminary solutions to these issues such as protecting subjects during the process of real-world studies and performing ethical review are raised based on recent years' practices to enhance the scientificity and ethical level of real-world studies.
Biomedical Research ; ethics ; methods ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of Jianpi Tongluo Jiedu Recipe (JTJR) on protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-kappaBp65, Bcl-2, and Bax, mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2, and the apoptotic index (Al) in gastric mucosa of patients with precancerous lesions of gastric cancer (PL-GC).

METHODSTotally 65 PLGC patients were recruited and treated by JTJR (modified by syndrome typing), one dose per day for six successive months. Protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-KBp65, Bcl-2, and Bax were detected in 65 patients using immunohistochemical (IHC) assay before and after treatment. mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2 were detected in 54 patients using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Meanwhile, changes of Al was detected in 65 patients using TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) fluorescence method.

RESULTSAfter treatment with JTJR, positive protein expression levels of COX-2, NF-KBp65, and Bcl-2 were obviously decreased in the gastric mucosa of PLGC patients (P <0.01), but Bax positive protein expression was found to be higher (P < 0.05). At the same time mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and Bcl-2 were significantly lower after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); Al also increased after treatment (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONJTJR could promote apoptosis possibly via NF-kappaBp65/COX-2, COX-2/Bcl-2, and NF-kappaBp65/Bcl-2 signaling pathways, thereby affecting PLGC patients.

Apoptosis ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Gastric Mucosa ; metabolism ; Humans ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Precancerous Conditions ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) and poliovirus receptor-related 1 exon3 (PVRL1exon3) polymorphisms in Han People of Jiangzhe area.

METHODSPVRL1exon3 was examined by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) technique in the 50 patients with NSCL/P and 85 healthy parents.

RESULTSNo W185X mutation was found in the PVRL1exon 3.

CONCLUSIONIt indicates that there is no relationship between NSCL/P and PVRL1exon3 in Han People in Jiangzhe area.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; genetics ; Child, Preschool ; Cleft Lip ; genetics ; Cleft Palate ; genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Nectins ; Pedigree ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Virus ; genetics

Adolescent ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo understand the current epidemic situation and high risk factors of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among paid blood donors living in Shandong provincial China Comprehensive Response (CARES) Project Areas.

METHODSAll residents between 20 to 60 years old were selected from one or several counties in August 2003.

RESULTSThere were 19 HIV(+) infections among 661 subjects interviewed. HIV prevalence rate among paid blood donors was higher (3.98%) than that of others (0.48%) while HIV prevalence rate was higher in plasma donors (7.24%) than that in both plasma and full blood donors (2.90%). There was no infections identified in full blood donors. Donors who donated blood during 1994 - 1995 had a higher prevalence rate (7.07%) than those who started donation after 1995 and those began donation before 1993 (0.99%). The rate of condom use was lower among paid blood donors (13.72%) than that of others. There was a lower rate of voluntary HIV testing among paid blood donors than that of others.

CONCLUSIONThe main high risk population of HIV infection were paid donors in CARES Project Areas, whose risk factor was plasma donation and were infected mainly before 1995. Both the rate of condom use and HIV testing were all very low, indicating that they knew little on HIV/AIDS and paid less attention to self-proctection. It is necessary to enhance HIV/AIDS health education and behavior intervention on paid blood donors.

Adult ; Blood Donors ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; HIV Infections ; epidemiology ; HIV Seroprevalence ; HIV-1 ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plasma Exchange ; adverse effects ; Risk Factors ; Seroepidemiologic Studies