Objective: To screen candidate genes involved in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway of Tussilago farfara. Methods: The transcriptome of buds and leaves of wild T. farfara were respectively sequenced using the Illumina HiSeq 2500 high-throughput sequencing platform. The clean reads were de novo assembled by Trinity software, and the assembled sequences then followed by a series of bioinformatics analysis such as gene function annotation and differential expression gene. According to sequence annotation and differentially expressed genes analysis, the key enzyme genes related to the terpenoid biosynthesis were identified. Results: After high through-put sequencing, a total of 39 912 371 clean reads were obtained (SRA accession: SRR9113366, SRR9113367). The clean reads were then assembled into 91 118 unigenes. A total of 55 830 unigenes were annotated by a similarity search against NR, Swiss-Port, GO, COG, KEGG five public databases. Base on KEGG annotation and differentially expressed genes, totally 129 catalytic enzyme genes referring to the terpenoid biosynthesis were identified, including 91 terpenoid backbone biosynthesis genes, 32 terpene synthases, and 6 cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes. Among them, 25 genes were differentially expressed. The expression of four enzyme genes in MVA pathway in leaves were higher than that in buds, while the five enzyme genes in MEP pathway were lower in leaves than that in buds. In addition, 10 genes were highly expressed in leaves, and nine genes were highly expressed in buds. According to the high expression of differentially expressed HMGR, TPS, AS, CYP450 genes in buds, it was speculated that these genes may be related to the high content of terpenoids in flower buds. Conclusion: This work obtained candidate key enzyme genes that may be involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoid by transcriptome sequencing. The results laid a foundation for further elucidating the molecular mechanism of terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in T. farfara.

The contents of cholesterol in a number of vegetable oils were determined by saponification-gas chromatography ( FID) . There was quite a large possibility that cholesterol peak was seriously interfered by saponification-gas chromatography ( FID) , so it was difficult to set a cholesterol content value to differentiate vegetable oil from waste oil. Solid phase extraction ( SPE) sample pretreatment was chosen and the process conditions were optimized. The optimal conditions were as follows:0. 25 g of oil samples, 20 mL of 0. 6%ethyl ether-hexane ( V/V) as eluent ( get rid of fatty acid glycerides) and 20 mL of 15% ethyl ether-hexane ( V/V) as eluent ( obtain cholesterol) . An obvious cholesterol-content-difference between vegetable oils and waste oils was found by SPE-GC. The detected cholesterol contents in 84 vegetable oil samples were all less than 50 μg/g and the contents of 11 waste oil samples among the 13 waste oils were greater than 50 μg/g. Therefore, cholesterol content in vegetable oil of more than 50 μg/g could be determined as suspected waste oil, not vice versa by SPE-GC. The correlation coefficient R2 was 0. 9999 in 0-760 mg/L concentration range, and the detection limit was 6. 0 μg/g. Relative standard deviations at two concentration levels of 17. 7 and 695 mg/L were 1. 6% and 1. 5% respectively. The recovery was 103%.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prognosis of patients with vulnerable plaque indicated by coronary CT angiography (CCTA). METHODS: Totally 1963 patients underwent CCTA from February 2nd 2015 to September 13th 2015, and 2728 coronary borderline lesions (stenosis of 50%-70%) were detected. Among them 804 patients had vulnerable plaques and 1159 patients had stable plaques. The primary endpoint was major cardiac adverse events (MACE), including cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction and target lesion revascularization. RESULTS: Patients were followed up for a mean follow-up of 27.4±2.3 months. The incidence of MACE in the vulnerable plaque group was significantly higher than that in the stable plaque group (10.8%vs 2.3%, < 0.01). After adjusting for age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, the MACE hazard ratio () in the vulnerable plaque group was 5.022 (95% :3.254-7.751, < 0.01).Subgroup analysis showed that in the vulnerable plaque group, the incidence of MACE in patients taking antiplatelet and statin ≤3 months and those taking antiplatelet and statin > 3 months was 17.0%and 5.8%, respectively (=3.149, 95% :1.987-4.992, < 0.01); but the difference did not seen in stable plaque group (=1.721, 95% :0.798-3.712, >0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the risk of MACE in patients with vulnerable plaque detected by CCTA and the drug treatment may reduce the risk for patients with vulnerable plaque.
Computed Tomography Angiography ; Coronary Angiography ; Coronary Artery Disease ; diagnostic imaging ; Coronary Stenosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Infant ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

Objective: To examine the safety and feasibility of gasless submental-transoral combined appoach endoscopic thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 41 patients with PTC who underwent the gasless submental-transoral combined appoach endoscopic thyroidectomy at the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine from November 2020 to April 2021. There were 5 males and 36 females with the age of (35.0±8.7) years (range: 19 to 58 years). A horizontal incision with a length of 2.0 cm is made under the chin as an observation hole, a 10 mm Trocar and a self-developed retractor are inserted, and two 5 mm longitudinal incisions are made on the labial side in the vestibule of the oral cavity as an operation hole, each inserting a 5 mm Trocar, the operation direction is from the cranial side to the caudal side. The sensation of the lower lip and chin was measured on the first day and one month postoperative. The operation time, hospital stay, the number of lymph nodes dissected and postoperative complications were recorded. Results: Surgical procedures in all cases were successfully completed under endoscopic approach without transfering to open surgery. The operation time was (99±34) minutes (range: 50 to 180 minutes) and the postoperative hospital stay was (3.4±2.2) days (range: 2 to 16 days). The maximum diameter of PTC was (7.6±5.8) mm (range: 2 to 30 mm), and the number of lymph nodes of the central compartment dissection was 6(5) (M(IQR)) (range: 1 to 25). The duration of follow-up is 1 month after operation, and the follow-up method is adopted in outpatient clinic. Postoperation complications included 2 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism, One case of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (continue to follow up to assess whether it is a temporary injury). Postoperative minor chyle leak, seroma, and local redness and swelling in 1 case each were cured after conservative treatment. 1 case of transient minor numbness of the lower lip was observed. No permanent hypoparathyroidism, postoperative bleeding and numbness of the chin was observed. Conclusion: The gasless submental-transoral combined appoach endoscopic thyroidectomy is a feasible approach in selected PTC patients and has clinical application value.
Adult ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neck Dissection ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Cancer, Papillary/surgery* ; Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery* ; Thyroidectomy ; Young Adult

Objective: The SSR loci information in the transcriptome of Tussilago farfara was analyzed and specific primers were designed, so as to provide powerful tools for molecular marker-assisted breeding in this plant. Methods: SSR loci in 18 938 unigenes with length of 1 kb or more obtained by transcriptome sequencing were searched by using MISA. SSR primers were designed by Primer3 and 55 pairs were randomly selected for the polymorphic analysis on 18 samples collected from different habitats. Results: A total of 4 688 SSRs were detected in the transcriptome of T. farfara, distributed in 3 844 unigenes with the distribution frequency of 24.75%. SSR loci occurred every 7 979 bp. Trinucleotide repeats appeared to be the most abundant SSRs with a frequency of 37.12%, followed by mononucleotide (32.36%) and dinucleotide (28.20%). Among all 60 repeat motifs, A/T (31.42%), AG/CT (12.80%), and ATC/ATG (9.62%) were the predominant repeat types. For validating the availability of the SSR primers, 55 pairs of primers were randomly selected for polymorphism analysis. Among them, 42 pairs (76.36%) produced clear and reproductive bands and 14 pairs showed polymorphism. Eighteen plants were divided into three groups by UPGMA. Conclusion: The SSR markers in the transcriptome of T. farfara show high frequency, rich type, and high polymorphism, which will provide the abundant candidate markers for genetic diversity, genetic mapping construction and marker-assisted breeding study for this plant.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of pretreatment with finasteride in decreasing intraoperative bleeding and irrigating fluid absorption during transurethral resection of prostate (TURP).

METHODSEighty patients with benign prostate hypertrophy undergoing TURP were divided into two groups: 40 patients were pretreated with finasteride for 7 to 14 days before TURP and 40 patients without pretreatment. Absorption of irrigating fluid was quantified by analyzing the serum concentration of gentamycin. Intraoperative blood loss was calculated based on hemoglobin concentrations before and after operation.

RESULTThe whole blood loss, hemoglobin concentration of irrigating fluid used, blood loss per minute, blood loss per gram tissue resected, whole irrigation absorption, irrigation absorption per minute and per gram tissue resected in patients pretreated with finasteride were significantly less than those in patients without pretreatment (P<0.05). The blood transfusion volume, the incidence of hypotension and hyponatremia in patients pretreated with finasteride were significantly less than those in patients without pretreatment (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONPretreatment with finasteride is of value in reducing intraoperative bleeding, irrigation absorption and perioperative complication during TURP.

Absorption ; Aged ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; prevention & control ; Finasteride ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; surgery ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of endoscopic trans-fistula drainage (ETFD) for gastroesophageal anastomotic fistula with para-fistula abscess after esophagectomy. Methods: Among 456 esophageal cancer patients receiving esophagectomy between February 2012 and February 2017 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, 15 cases were diagnosed as gastroesophageal anastomotic fistula with para-fistula abscess after surgery. Seven cases received ETFD treatment (ETFD group), and 8 cases received conventional treatment (control group). Recovery of inflammatory markers and fistula, length of hospital stay after esophagectomy and total medical expenses were compared between ETFD group and control group. Results: All patients recovered in ETFD group. Time of white cell count returning to normal and decline of C-reactive protein, time of fistula healing and length of hospital stay after esophagectomy in ETFD group were significantly shorter than those of control group (all P<0.05). And medical expenses in ETFD group was also lower (P<0.05). Conclusion: ETFD is effective and safe for gastroesophageal anastomotic fistula with para-fistula abscess after esophagectomy.
Abscess ; Anastomotic Leak ; Drainage ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Esophagectomy ; Fistula ; surgery ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies

Objective: To evaluate the correlation between ultrasound features of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and lymph node metastasis by preoperative ultrasound elemental observation of thyroid nodules. Methods: Three hundred and seventy-six patients who underwent primary thyroid surgery and confirmed by ultrasound and pathological data as single-focal PTC from Jannary to December 2017 in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital of Zhejiang Univbersity College of Medicine were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of lymph node metastasis, they were divided into central and lateral lymph node metastasis group and non-metastasis group. Independent risk factors for central lymph node metastasis (CLNM) and lateral lymph node metastasis (LLNM) were analyzed by χ² test and multivariate Logistic regression. Results: Multivariate analysis showed that the posterior margin of the cancer was <0.25 cm from the posterior wall of the thyroid gland as an independent risk factor for CLNM (P=0.025). Compared with the tumor volume ≤0.38 cm³, the cancer volume >0.38 cm³ (P=0.000), was more prone to CLNM. And multivariate analysis showed that the anterior margin of the cancer was <0.17 cm (P=0.006) from the anterior thyroid capsule and the inner wall of the foci was <0.26 cm (P=0.014) as independent risk factors for LLNM. Compared with the maximum diameter of the tumor lesion ≤1 cm, the maximum diameter >2 cm (P=0.001) group was more prone to LLNM. Compared with the tumor volume ≤0.38 cm³, the tumor volume >0.38 cm³ (P=0.000) was more prone to LLNM. Conclusions The larger volume of single focal PTC carcinoma and the closer to the posterior thyroid capsule are independent risk factors for CLNM. The larger volume and diameter of single focal PTC, and the closer to the anterior and medial wall capsule are independent risk factors for LLNM.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) on the cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10) levels and ischemic -reperfusion injury of myocardium during cardiac surgery.

METHODSA total of 30 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (mitral valve replacement) under extracorporeal circulation were randomized into two groups: PGE1 group (receiving 0.04 microg.kg(-1). min(-1) of Lipo-PGE1 from the beginning of surgery to the end of study, n=15) and control group (no PGE1 given, n=15). Levels of serum IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Isoenzyme of creatine kinase with muscle and brain subunits(CKMB) and troponin-T (cTn-T) were measured by ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry method and enzyme immunoassay on 5 time-points during the study.

RESULTIn both groups serum IL-6, IL-8, CK-MB and cTn-T levels increased significantly after aorta declamping (especially from 2 h after aorta declamping) compared with preoperative levels (P<0.05).However,the elevations of these cytokines and enzymes were more prominent in the control group than in the PGE1 group (P<0.05). Serum IL-10 concentration increased significantly from 2 h after aorta declamping compared with preoperative value (P<0.05); but there were no differences between the two groups. IL-6 and IL-8 levels were correlated with CK-MB and cTn-T concentrations (r2=0.40, r2=0.38 P>0.05 and r2=0.56, r2=0.14; P>0.05, respectively).

CONCLUSIONDuring cardiac surgery (mitral valve replacement) PGE1 may suppressed the production of IL-6, IL-8 but not IL-10, which may be related to its myocardial protection effect.

Alprostadil ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; blood ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Interleukin-8 ; blood ; Mitral Valve ; surgery ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Rheumatic Heart Disease ; surgery ; Troponin T ; blood

Objective: To examine the feasibility of the modified gasless trans-subclavian approach endoscopic thyroidectomy for lateral neck dissection (LND) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods: The clinical data of 31 patients with PTC who underwent modified gasless trans-subclavian approach endoscopic LND in the Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Run Run Shaw Hospital, from January to October 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 2 males and 29 females, aged (32.6±8.3) years (range: 17 to 55 years). The maximum diameter of the primary thyroid lesion (M(IQR)) was 1.06 (1.16) cm (range: 0.53 to 2.44 cm), and the maximum diameter of the metastatic lymph node was (1.04±0.37) cm (range: 0.44 to 1.88 cm). Operation time, postoperative hospital stay, number of lymph nodes dissected, and postoperative complications were recorded. Outpatient follow-up was conducted until November 30, 2022. Results: All operations were successfully completed with the endoscopy approach without conversion to open surgery. The operation time was 160 (20) minutes (range: 100 to 215 minutes), and the postoperative hospital stay was 4 (2) days (range: 2 to 14 days). The number of lymph nodes obtained by dissection in the central and lateral compartment of the neck was 11 (12) (range: 0 to 37) and 34.7±14.8 (range: 15 to 69), respectively. Temporary hypoparathyroidism occurred in 4 cases and all recovered within 1 month after the operation. One case suffered from recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (continuing followed up to assess whether it is a temporary injury). The complication of LND included 1 case of chylous leakage that was recovered with conservative treatment, 1 case of Horner syndrome returned to normal 3 months after surgery. During follow-up, there was no residual tumor or recurrence. Conclusion: The modified gasless trans-subclavian approach endoscopic LND for PTC is feasible, with a thorough dissection and concealed incision.